Special Issue No. – 2, August, 2019

Abstract:

The extending global demands for advanced methods and environmental protection have encouraged manufactures to develop light weight components. There is a challenge to join the lightweight materials. Friction stir welding has many advantages when welding Mg alloys which has a many potential application in road transportation, aerospace, ship building, automotive and manufacturing industry field to join a magnesium alloy that are difficult to join by high temperature welding process. Friction stir welding is a not liquid stage joining process which has proper promising method for joining of soft materials like Zinc, Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium etc. In this work we are going to perform weld bed mechanical testing's (Tensile test, Hardness test, Micro structure) on welded base metals. These results will explain about all the above mentioned testing parameters which helps in deciding about the efficiency of welding joint of dissimilar metal.

Keywords:

Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC),AA6061,Magnesium AZ31B,

Refference:

I. Banglong Fu, Guoliang Qin∗, Fei Li, Xiangmeng Meng, Jianzhong
Zhang, Chuansong Wu: Friction stir welding process of dissimilar
metals of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy to AZ31B magnesium alloy.
II. Kumar.K and Satish V.Kalidas in: The role of friction stir welding tool on
material flow and weld formation Materials Science and Engineering A 485
(2008), p.367-374.
III. Masayuki Aonuma,, Kazuhiro Nakata: Dissimilar metal joining of ZK60
magnesium alloy and titanium by friction stir welding, Elsevier B.V, 2018.
IV. McLean.A.A, G. L. F. Powell, I. H. Brown:Friction stir welding of
magnesiualloy AZ31B to aluminium alloy 5083 Elsevier B.V, 2015.
V. Nicholas ED and Thomas WM. 1998. A review of friction processes for
aerospace applications. Int. J Mater Prod.Technol.13:45-55.
VI. Padmanaban.G, V.Balasubramaniam, IJAMT (2010) 49:111-121, an
experimental investigation on friction stir welding of AZ31B magnesium
alloy.
VII. Saad Ahmed Khodir, Shibayanagi Toshiya: Microstructure and Mechanical
Properties of friction stir welded similar and dissimilar joints AL and MG
alloys of Elsevier LTD, 2014.
VIII. Sevvel.P and V.Jaiganesh, Improving the mechanical properties of friction
stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy flat plates through axial force
investigation, Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 591 (2014) pp 11-14.

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Abstract:

(Ta-Zr-N) films was deposited on E19 steel and silicon wafer substrates by RF/DC magnetron sputtering, using Ta(DC-100w), Zr(RF-100w),base.𝑝𝑟 = 4𝑥10􀬿􀬺 m.bar. deposition 𝑝𝑟 = 2𝑥10􀬿􀬷m.bar. Air rate of flow 15 sccm, 3 sccm Nitrogen flow. The films were examined by X-ray diffraction to search out that the content of bimetallic components (Ta and Zr) decreases with pressure, as indicated at completely different temperature levels (200˚c, 400˚c) respectively. Films were morphologically tribologically and mechanically characterized using SEM, AFM, Wear, Corrossion, and Nano Indentation.

Keywords:

Ta (DC-100w),Zr (RF-100w),E19 steel,nitrogen,silicon wafer,morphology,tribology,

Refference:

I. C-S. Shin, D. Gall, P. Desjardins, A. Vailionis, H. Kim, I. Petrov, J.E. Greene,
M. Odén, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 3808.
II. D. Depla, S. Heirwegh, S. Mahieu, R. De Gryse, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40
(2007) 1957.
III. G. Abadias, Ph. Guerin, Appl Phys Lett. 93 (2008) 111908.
IV. G.G. Stoney, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 82 (1909) 172.
V. “Influence of Deposition on the Mechanical Property Correlation in Al-O
Thin Films with Complex Microstructures by RF Magnetron Sputtering”
R.Hariharan , R.Raja , A.S .Anish , S.Balaji , M.Aswin , J.Roshan,
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN:
2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-6S2, April 2019.
VI. “Investigation on Micro Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties Of
Aluminium Nitride (ALN) Coating Deposited By RF Magnetron Sputtering”
R.Hariharan ,R.Raja, International Journal of Latest Trends in Engineering
and Technology pp.085-091,2017.
VII. J.-H. Huang, H.-C. Yang, X.-J. Guo, G.-P. Yu, Surf. Coat. Technol. 195
(2005) 204.

VIII. L.E. Koutsokeras, G. Abadias, Ch.E. Lekka, G.M. Matenoglou, D.F.
Anagnostopoulos, G.A. Evangelakis, P. Patsalas, Appl Phys Lett. 93 (2008)
011904.
IX. M. Stueber, H. Holleck, H. Leiste, K. Seemann, S. Ulrich, C. Ziebert, J.
Alloys Compd. 483 (2009) 321–333.
X. M.B. Takeyama, A. Noya, K. Sakanishi, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 18 (2000)
1333.
XI. “Mechanical and tribological behaviour of thin TaN coating produced on AISI
1018 substrate by DC magnetron sputtering”, R.Hariharan, R.Raja, Somu.
Vasu, Volume-7 Issue-6S2, April 2019,IJRTE.
XII. P.H. Mayrhofer, C. Mitterer, L. Hultman, H. Clemens, Prog. Mater. Sci. 51
(2006) 1032.
XIII. S. Berg, T. Nyberg, Thin Solid Films 476 (2005) 215.
XIV. S. Noda, K. Tepsanongsuk, Y. Tsuji, Y. Kajikawa, Y. Ogawa, H. Komiyama,
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 22 (2004) 332.
XV. S.M. Aouadi, M. Debessai, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 22 (2004) 1975.
XVI. “Study of chromium nitrate coating prepared by RF/DC magnetron
sputtering” R.Hariharan , R.Raja , R. Agash Raj, E.A. Agathiyan, D. Deva, P.
Esakki, Volume-7 Issue-6S2, April 2019,IJRTE.

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Abstract:

Because of the accessibility of recoverable petroleum product holds and the natural issues brought about by the utilization of these non-renewable energy sources, much consideration has been given to the creation of biodiesel as a substitute for oil diesel. The two most normal kinds of biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel. Be that as it may since biodiesel comprises of vegetable oils and creature fats, it is to be expected that biodiesel crude materials can contend with long haul nourishment supplies. In this way, consideration has concentrated on oilseeds that produce non-eatable oil as a wellspring of biodiesel generation. In this undertaking, the citronella of plant species (Cymbopogon flexuous) is portrayed as another wellspring of unrefined petroleum for biodiesel generation. Lemongrass is local to India and tropical Asia. In India, it develops along the western ghats (Maharashtra, Kerala), Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, alongside the lower regions of the Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim slopes. This investigation analyzes the exhibition of citronella oil and its blends as fills for pressure start motors. The information in this way got was contrasted and the information got utilizing diesel. The motor worked very well without burning issues. We prescribe the utilization of citronella oil and its blends as elective powers for diesel motors. In any case, since biodiesel comprises of vegetable oils and creature fats, it is to be expected that biodiesel crude materials can contend with long haul nourishment supplies. Along these lines, consideration has concentrated on oilseeds that produce non-palatable oil as a wellspring of biodiesel generation. In this way, the commitment of non-sustenance oils as non-nourishment wellsprings of vegetable oils to biodiesel generation would be significant.

Keywords:

non-renewable energy,citronella of plant species,vegetable oils,

Refference:

I. A. Murugesan, C. Umarani, R. Subramanian and N. Nedunchezhian a.
‘Bio- diesel as alternative fuel for diesel engines’, a review.
II. Rakesh Sarin, Meeta Sharma, S. Sinharay, R.K. Malhotra a. ‘Jatropha –
Biodiesel palm blends: an optimal mix for Asia’.
III. Kahraman Bozbas biodiesel as an alternative fuel: production and
policies in the European Union.
IV. Michel.S.Graboski and Robert L. McCormick, 1998, “Combustion of
fuels derived from oils and fats in diesel engines”, Prog. Science of
energy combustion.

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Abstract:

Welding friction, an eco-friendly powerful state bonding method for bonding magnesium alloys, particularly as it is a light metal that is hard to bond using standard techniques. The impact of the tool velocity on the magnesium alloy takes place at distinct speeds Stir welding process during the friction. Further microstructure analyzes are carried out on the welded joint, resulting in the evolution of the microstructure, welding defects and welding tool properties.

Keywords:

Friction stir welding,SS Tool,HSS Tool,Magnesium alloy (AZ31B),

Refference:

I. R. J. Golden Renjith Nimal, M. Sivakumar, S. Arungalai
Vendan, G. Esakkimuthu. “Chapter 40 Effect of Mechanical
and Metallurgical Analysis of Magnesium and Aluminium
Alloys Using Diffusion Bonding”, Springer Nature, 2018.
II. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Die Design for
Homogeneous Plastic Deformation during ECAP and
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Pure Aluminum and
Copper Rods”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 14
(12): 1716-1721, 2013
III. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Evaluation of
filling conditions in Injection Moulding by Integrating
Numerical Simulations”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research 12 (12): 1608-1604, 2012

IV. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Experimental
Investigations on Material Characteristics of Al 6061-TiB2
MMC Processed by Stir Casting Route”, Middle-East Journal of
Scientific Research,12(12): 1615-1619,2012
V. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal ,”Friction Stir
Welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys (6061 and 7075) by
using computerized numerical control machine”, Middle East
Journal of Scientific Research, vol 14, issue 12:1752-6,2013
VI. Friction stir welding of magnesium AM60 Alloy/ Naiyi
Li,Tsung-Yu Pan/2014.
VII. Investigation of microstructure on friction stir welded AZ61
magnesium alloy joint/ Kulwant Singh, Gurbhinder Singh,
Harmeet Singh/ 2018.
VIII. V. Jaiganesh, S. Govind Vignesh, S.M. Vignesh.”Investigation
on Micro structural and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir
Welded AZ91E Mg Alloy”, Materials Today: Proceedings,
2017
IX. R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, M. Sivakumar, S.Gokul Raj, S.
Arungalai Vendan, G.Esakkimuthu. “Microstructural,
mechanical and metallurgical analysis of Al interlayer coating
on Mg-Al alloy using diffusion bonding”,Materials Today:
Proceedings, 2018
X. S. Ugender, A. Kumar, A. Somi Reddy.”Microstructure and
Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy by Friction
Stir Welding”, Procedia Materials Science, 2014.
XI. Paper on Friction stirs welding of Magnesium Alloys-A
Review/V.Prasanna/K.Sarath/2016.
XII. Review on friction stir welding of magnesium alloys/ Kulwant
Singh, Gurbhinder Singh, Harmeet Singh/ 2018.
XIII. “Selection of FSW tool pin profile, shoulder diameter and
material for joining AZ31B magnesium alloy – An
experimental approach”, Materials & Design, 2009.
XIV. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal , “Solving Flow
Shop Scheduling Problems Using a Hybrid Genetic Scatter
Search Algorithm”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research
20 (3): 328-333, 2014.

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Abstract:

In the present day’s alcohol-attributable accidents are increasing rapidly where the concern as alcohol is a factor in many categories of injury. Every year it is reported about 2.3 million premature deaths due to harmful consumption of alcohol [1]. In this article, we have proposed improved alcohol detection for use in an automotive ignition lock system using Arduino. Use a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the exhalation sample to match the human exhalation temperature. A sensor is used for the specific volume of the breath sample used to measure the alcohol content. Using a microcontroller, convert the output to readings that represent the breath alcohol content of the breath sample. This analysis is used as part of a car-wide ignition lock system that prevents the car from starting when the driver is poisoned. The system also requires rolling retests to ensure that the driver is still cool.

Keywords:

Arduino,Temperature sensor,Micro controller,Ignition locking,

Refference:

I. Nirosha, et al., “Alcohol Detection In Vehicles”, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), vol. 4, issue 4, pp. 2025-
2030, Apr 2017.
II. S.S. Sarmila, iet al., “Alcohol Detection by using IoT and Locking the Car
Ignition”, SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering
(ICEHS), Special Issue, May 2017.
III. jMQ-3 Alcohol Sensor Circuit Built with an
Arduino”,http://learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/MQ-3-alcohol-sensorcircuit-
witharduino.php, Alchohal Saliva Strip Test, 2018.
IV. “What is Internet of Things (IoT)”, https://lifewire.com/introduction-to-the
internet-ofthings- 817766, Jun 2018.

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Abstract:

The bio-composites are the materials for future which will render sustainable solution to issues and challenges in using conventional materials. This research work focus on introducing sisal, flax and kenaf natural fibers in small wind turbine blade manufacturing along with glass fibers and comparing the performance of the blades, also demonstrates the percentage of natural fibers in the development of hybrid wind turbine blades for domestic and forming purpose. The manufacturing method used is Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) which is an advanced method of laminate composite manufacturing. This work also presents the comparative results obtained in the ANSYS software for small hybrid wind turbine blades which is designed using different compositions of reinforcements and matrix. The results show that hybrid fiber blades are performing well in terms of less weight, and static performances.

Keywords:

Hybrid wind turbine blade,Reinforced bio-composites,3D printing,VARTM,FEA,

Refference:

I. Aysegul Akdogan Eker, Bulent Eker. “General Assessment of Fiber-
Reinforced Composites Selection in Wind Turbine Blades “
www.academicpub.org/amsa/.
II Andressa Cecilia Milenese et al, “Mechanical behavior of natural fiber
composites”, Procedia Engineering 10 ( 2011 ) 2022-2027.
III. Abdelaty M. E., Abdellatif O.E. and A. M. Osman,”Numerical
Investigation of the Performance of Twisted and Untwisted Blades for
Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines”,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277006658
IV. Darshil U.Shah, Peter, et al, “Can Flax Replace E-Glass in Structural
Composite? A small Wind Turbine Blade Case study, Composite: Part
B 52 (2013) 172-181.
V. Jagadeesh. A “Wind Energy Development in Tamil Nadu and Andhra
Pradesh, India, Institutional dynamics, and barriers- A case study ”
Energy Policy 28 (200)157-168.
VI. Kestur G.Satyanarayana et al, “Biodegradable composites based on
lingo-cellulosic fibers- an overview” progress in polymer science
34(2009) 982-1021.
VII Maries Idicula Kuruvilla Joseph, Sabu Thomas,” Mechanical
Performance of Short Banana/Sisal Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester
composite, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2010 29: 12

VIII Mohini Saxena et al “Composite materials from natural resource:
recent trends and future potentials.” Advance in composite materials
www.intechopen.com – Analysis and man-made materials 09,
September 201
IX. Murali Mohan Rao.K, K. Mohana Rao, A.V. Ratna Prasad,”
Fabrication and testing of natural fibre composites: Vakka, sisal,
bamboo and banana”, Materials and Design 31 (2010) 508–513.
X. Meenakshi.C.M ,A.Krishnamoorthy,” Study on the Effect of Surface
Modification on the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Flax, Sisal
and Glass Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites” Journal of
Renewable Materials , Vol.7 no.2. Pg-153-169, 2019.
XI. Meenakshi C.M ,A.Krishnamoorthy, Design and Material
Optimization of 1.5MW Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades with
Natural Fiber Reinforced composites using Finite Element Method.,
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational
System.(IJEECS),ISSN 2348-117X,Volume 6, Issue 8, 2017.
XII Meenakshi .C.M and A.Krishnamoorthy, “The Mechanical
Characterization of Mono And Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
Using Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Methods”,
International Journal of Mechanical and Production, Engineering
Research and Development (IJMPERD),ISSN (P): 2249-6890; ISSN
(E): 2249-8001,Vol. 9, Issue 3, Jun 2019, 189-196.
XIII. Omar Faruk “Biocomposites reinforced with Natural fiber: 2000-2010”
progress in polymer science 37 (2012) 1552-1596.
XIV. Patel V.A. and Parsania P.H.,” Preparation and Physico-Chemical
Study of Glass–Sisal (Treated–Untreated) Hybrid Composites of
Bisphenol-C based Mixed Epoxy –Phenolic Resins”, Journal of
Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2010 29: 52 originally published
online 27 November 2008`.
XV Rohit kumar Gupta ,Vilaswarudkar Rajesh purohit, Saurabhsingh
Rajpurohit.Modeling and Aerodynamic Analysis of Small Scale,
Mixed Airfoil Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade, materials today
proceedings 4(2012) 5370-5384.

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Abstract:

The major problem in combining magnesium alloy (Mg) and aluminum alloy (Al) is that fragile oxide and inter metallic films are formed in the bond's region. The diffusion bond, however, is used to be a component of these alloys, although there are not many problems. In this study, it was attempted to analyze Mechanical characteristics such as shear strength roundness, Ram tensile strength, and different micro hardness diffusion bonding materials of AZ80 (Mg) and AA7075 (Al). The evaluation of the microstructure verified the bond value of the joints. This work aims to better understand and characterize the Bonding diffusion of comparable and different metals. In addition, optimum parameters for diffusion bonding of the aluminum coating to magnesium alloy with aluminum alloy should be obtained. This work seeks to better explain and characterize the bonding of comparable and different metals with diffusion..It also aimed to obtain optimum parameters for diffusion bonding of aluminum coating over magnesium alloy with aluminum alloy. These two metals are jointed inside the die after finishing surface treatment.

Keywords:

magnesium alloy (Mg),aluminium alloy (Al),diffusion bonding,diffusion bonding,

Refference:

I. Feng JC, Zhang BG, Qian YY, He P (2002) Microstructure and
strength of diffusion bonded joints of Ti Al base alloy to steel. Mater
Charact 48:401–406 doi:10.1016/S1044-5803(02)00319-4.
II. G. Mahendran, V. Balasubramanian, T. Senthilvelan, Materials and
Design 30 (2009) 1240–1244
III. Gao Y, Wang C, Pang H, Liu H, Yau M (2007) Broad beam laser
cladding of Al–Cu alloy coating on AZ91HP magnesium alloy. Appl
Surf Sci 253:4917–4922 doi:10.1016 j. apsusc.2006.10.075.
IV. K. Bhanumurthy, J. Krishnan, G.B. Kale, R.K. Fotedar, A.R. Biswas,
R.N. Arya, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 54 (1995) 322.
V. L.M. Liu, S.X. Wang, M.L. Zhu, Sci. Tech. Weld. Join 11 (2006)523.
VI. L.M. Zhao and Z.D. Zhang, Scripter Material 58 (2008) 283–286
VII. Liu LM, Wang SX, Zhu ML. Study on TIG welding of dissimilar Mg
alloy and copper with Fe as interlayer. Sic, Techno Weld Join 2006.
VIII. M. Ghosh, S. Chatterjee, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 358 (2003) 152–158.
IX. P. He, J.H. Zhang, R.L. Zhou, X.Q. Li, Mater. Charact. 43 (1999)
287–292.
X. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal , “Solving Flow Shop
Scheduling Problems Using a Hybrid Genetic Scatter Search
Algorithm”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (3): 328-
333, 2014.
XI. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal ,”Friction Stir Welding
of dissimilar aluminum alloys (6061 and 7075) by using
computerized numerical control machine”, Middle East Journal of
Scientific Research, vol 14, issue 12:1752-6,2013
XII. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Die Design for
Homogeneous Plastic Deformation during ECAP and Investigation of
Mechanical Properties of Pure Aluminum and Copper Rods”,
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 14 (12): 1716-1721, 2013
XIII. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Evaluation of filling
conditions in Injection Moulding by Integrating Numerical
Simulations”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 12 (12):
1608-1604, 2012
XIV. R. Hariharan and R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, “Experimental
Investigations on Material Characteristics of Al 6061-TiB2 MMC
Processed by Stir Casting Route”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research,12(12): 1615-1619,2012
XV. R. J. Golden Renjith Nimal, M. Sivakumar, S. Arungalai Vendan, G.
Esakkimuthu. “Chapter 40 Effect of Mechanical and Metallurgical
Analysis of Magnesium and Aluminium Alloys Using Diffusion
Bonding”, Springer Nature, 2018.

XVI. R.J. Golden Renjith Nimal, M. Sivakumar, S.Gokul Raj, S. Arungalai
Vendan, G.Esakkimuthu. “Microstructural, mechanical and
metallurgical analysis of Al interlayer coating on Mg-Al alloy using
diffusion bonding”,Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018
XVII. S. Morozumi, S. Kikuchi, T. Nishio, J. Mater. Sci. 16 (1981) 2137
XVIII. Torun O, Gu¨rler R, Baksan B, Celikyu¨rek _I. Diffusion bonding of
iron aluminide Fe72Al28 using a pure iron interlayer. Inter metallic
2005; 13:801-4.
XIX. V. Raghavan, ASM Int. 1 (1987) 43.
XX. Wang Juan, *, Li Yanjing, Liu Penga, Geng Haoran, journal of
materials processing technology 2 0 5 (2 0 0 8) 146–150
XXI. Zhang YG, Han YF, Chen GL, Guo JT, Wan XJ, Feng D. Structural
inter metallic. 1st ed. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press; 2001.
XXII. Zhao LM, Zhang ZD. Zn alloy interlayer on interface microstructure
and strength of diffusion-bonded Mg–Al joints. Scripta Mater 2008.

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Abstract:

Here the analysis of flow of nozzles is done by using CFD. In this case theoretically the equations for nozzle are formulated and hence forth the final result is been validated for the simulation using CFD software ANSYS fluent of high speed jet the small vortices remains stable. It means it can travel longer distances then on to longer distances which remains unstable when smaller is the size of the vortex efficiency is higher. The results are theoretical which has been checked with the aid of simulation software

Keywords:

flow of nozzles,simulation,ANSYS,

Refference:

I. P Manna, D Chakraborty “Numerical Simulation of Transverse
H2Combustion in Supersonic Airstream in a Constant Area Duct”, Vol.
86,November 2005, computational combustion Dynamics Division
ofDefence Research and Development Laboratory, Hyderabad.
II. B.E. Milton and K. Pianthong, “Pulsed, supersonic fuel jets
their characteristics and potential for fuel injection”, InternationalJournal of
Heat and Fluid Flow 26 (2005) 656
Advancement in Engineering, Science & Technology
Special Issue, No.-2, August (2019) pp 729
733 CFD jets— 656–671, Australia.

vIII. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue andYasuhiro
Tani “ Fundamental study of supersonic combustionin pure air flow with use
of shock tunnel” Department of Aeronauticsand Astronautics, Kyushu
University, Japan , ActaAstronautica 57(2005) 384 – 389.
IV. Chadwick C. Rasmussen, Sulabh K. Dhanuka, and James F.
Driscoll,“Visualization of flameholding mechanisms in a supersonic
combustorusing PLIF”, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31
(2007)2505–2512, USA.
V. P.K. Tretyakov “the problems of combustion at supersonic flow”west-east
high speed flow field conference 19-22, November 2007Moscow, Russia.
VI. Zheng Chen, Xiao Qin, YiguangJu *, Zhenwei Zhao, Marcos
Chaos,Frederick L. Dryer, “High temperature ignition and
combustionenhancement by dimethyl ether addition to methane–air
mixtures”,Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31 (2007) 1215–1222,
USA.
VII. DoyoungByun and SeungWookBaek, “Numerical investigation ofcombustion
with non-gray thermal radiation and soot formation effectin a liquid rocket
engine”, International Journal of Heat and MassTransfer 50 (2007) 412–422,
Korea.
VIII. Wookyung Kim, Hyungrok Do, M. Godfrey Mungal and Mark A.Cappelli,
“Optimal discharge placement in plasma-assisted combustionof a methane jet
in cross flow”, Combustion and Flame 153 (2008)603–615, USA.
IX. Peter Gerlinger, Peter Stoll 1, Markus Kindler , Fernando Schneider
c,Manfred Aigner “Numerical investigation of mixing and
combustionenhancement in supersonic combustors by strut induced
streamwisevorticity”, Aerospace Science and Technology 12 (2008) 159–
168,Germany
X. K. Kumaran, V. Babu “Investigation of the effect of chemistry modelson the
numerical predictions of the supersonic combustion ofhydrogen”,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology,
Madras, India, Combustion and Flame 156 (2009)826–841.

 

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Abstract:

Metal fiber laminates (FML) are sheet materials based on stacked aluminium alloy layers and fiber strengthened plastic (GRP) layers. They demonstrated excellent potential for applications in the aerospace industry and enhanced mechanical characteristics, finishing the new type of aramid/glass/ carbon fibre laminate. In this work, aramid/glass fibres with Al 2024, Epoxy resin laminates were prepared and their impact response, stress-strain behaviour Experiments and numerical simulations were explored The 5-3/2 laminates of size 300x300 mm2 with thickness 3mm were prepared by using Hand lay-up Method, the specimens were prepared by using water jet machining as per standards for impact, Flexural, Hardness, shear and tensile test. Impact responses were taken from Charpy testing machine and tensile, Flexural stress-strain responses were done using 10 ton capacity, servo ball screw mechanism UTM. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study tensile, flexural and effect surfaces of fracture specimens.

Keywords:

FML,Fracture Surface,ballistic Analysis,FEA Simulation,

Refference:

I. A generalized solution to the crack bridging problem of fibre metal
laminates G.S. Wilson , R.C. Alderliesten, R. Benedictus Structural
Integrity, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of
Technology, The Netherlands
II. A Study on Flexural Properties of Sandwich Structures with Fibre/Metal
Laminate Face Sheets S. Dariushi : M. Sadighi (*)Mechanical Engineering
Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Published
online: 23 January 2013
III. Blast response of metal composite laminate fuselage structures using finite
element Modelling T.Kotzakolios, D.E. Vlachos, V. Kostopoulos applied
mechanics laboratory, department of mechanical engineering and
aeronautics, university of patras,Grease published online 2011
IV. comparative analysis of crack resistance of fibre-metal laminates with hs2
glass/t700 carbon layers for various stress ratios X. Song, Z. Y. Li, Y.
Shen Y. L. chen school of mechanical and power engineering, harbin
university of science and technology, harbin, china published on 2015

V. Effect of stacking sequence on failure mode of fibre metal laminates under
low-velocity impact F. Taheri-Behrooz M. M. Shokrieh I. Yahyapour
received: 20 june 2013 / accepted: 19 november 2013 Center of
Excellence in Experimental Solid Mechanics and Dynamics, School of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Tehran,
Iran
VI. Effects of curing thermal residual stresses on fatigue crack properation of
aluminium plates repaired by FML patches Hossein Hosseini-Toudeshky ,
Mojtaba Sadighi , Ali Vojdani Aerospace Engineering Department,
Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Iran, year of publishing 2013
VII. Experimental and numerical investigation of metal type and thickness
effects on the impact resistance of fibre metal laminates M. Sadighi & T.
Pärnänen & R. C. Alderliesten & M. Sayeaftabi & R. Benedictus
Published online: 27 October 2011 Mechanical Engineering Department,
Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
VIII. Experimental characterization of a fibre metal laminate for underwater
applications E. Poodts , D. Ghelli , T. Brugo , R. Panciroli, G. Minak
Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Industrial Engineering
Department DIN, Bologna, Italy, year of publication 2015
IX. Fatigue behaviour of glass fibre reinforced epoxy composites enhanced
with nanoparticles L.P. Borrego , J.D.M. Costa , J.A.M. Ferreira , H. Silva
CEMUC, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Reis Coimbra, Portugal, year
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test and and DBEM Simulation. Dept. of Materials Engineering and
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laminate manufactured by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding I.
Ortiz de Mendibil , L. Aretxabaleta, M. Sarrionandia, M. Mateos,
J. Aurrekoetxea Mechanical and Industrial Production Department,
Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Loramendi 4, Mondragon 20500, Gipuzkoa,
Spain year of publication 2016

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Abstract:

Ti-Zr-N film was formed by the E19 RF / DC steel vapor deposition magnetron sputtering method (100 W). The composition of the elements and the phases, the nanoureza were examined by SEM, XRD, AFM, corrosion or microhardness. Ti (DC- 100W) and Zr (RF-100W), camera pr = 3 x 10 m.bar, evaporated pr = 2 x 10 m.bar, air flow 15 sccm, nitrogen flow 3 sc cm manufactured by splash DC magnetron Much interest has been observed in the characterization of thin films of (Ti-Zr) N. We produce (Ti-Zr) N thin films and in this and in the mechanical, tribological and morphological studies presented. The thin film was prepared by the PVD (physical vapor deposition) method by spraying with an RF / DC magnetron using a titanium-zirconium lens with a purity of 99.99%. A mixture of argon and nitrogen was found for the discharge. The XRD analysis discovered that the Ti-Zr-N coating has high hardness compared to binary nitric acid TiN and ZrN. a rise in hardness is determined by increasing the Zr content. once tempering, however, it absolutely was found that the coating preserved higher hardness stability by reducing the Zr content. The TiN / ZrN multilayer microhardness augmented to 314 GPA at 200 ° C. Exploratory outcomes have demonstrated Improved coating (Ti, Zr) N the consumption opposition of the E19 substrate. The improved erosion obstruction is a result of the nanocomposite structure (Ti-Zr-N), that highlights a thick columnar microstructure that is tight to destructive fluids. Covering coatings (Ti, Zr) N have higher consumption obstruction than higher quality for both temperature levels.

Keywords:

RF/DC magnetron sputtering,tribology,corrosion resistance,TiN/ZrN,

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