Special Issue No. – 2, August, 2019

Abstract:

In general, the graphical properties are studied mainly to apply them for network and computing applications. To reach such a state, researchers in graph labeling discipline made rich contributions. In that line here existence of Lucky edge labeling of Fire cracker , Twig ,and Spider graphs has been established.

Keywords:

Lucky edge graph,Fire cracker graph,Twig graph,Spider graph,

Refference:

I. Gallian J.A. “A dynamic survey of graph labeling”. The electronic Journal of
Combinatorics, (2012) #DS6.
II. Jampachon , . Nakprasit and Poomsa-ard, “Graceful Labeling of some classes
of Spider Graphs with Three legs greater than one” Thai Journal of Mathematics
Volume 12 (2014) Number 3 : 621–630
III. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of triangular graphs”, International Journal of Mathematics Triends and
Technology, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2016.
IV. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of Pn, Cn and corona of Pn, Cn”, International Journal of Scientific and Innovative
Mathematical Research, 710—718, 2014.
V. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of some special graphs”, International Journal of Recent Research Aspects, April
2018.
VI. Ramya, M. and Meenakshi, S., “Labeling Techniques of some special graphs”,
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 116, 2017, 93102.
VII. Shalini Rajendra Babu A, Ramya N, Rangarajan K “On Lucky Edge
Labeling of Splitting Graphs and Snake Graphs” (IJITEE) Volume-8 Issue-5
March, 2019

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Abstract:

With rapid growth of population and avaricious attitude of industries and residents are generated huge amount of solid and E-wastages which causes an Environment and lands at high level. Due to these solid wastages, the health issues of people are uncontrolled and it become a big task to the government.. In this paper, we analyze the generation of solid wastages in and around Tamil nadu by using sampling techniques.

Keywords:

Chi-square test,solid wastages,sampling techniques,

Refference:

I. Agnihotri V.K (2011) ―E-Waste in India‖, Research Unit, Rajya
Sabha Secretariat,New Delhi
II. Ahmed ShafiulAzam and Ali Mansoor (2004) ―Partnership for Solid
Waste Management in developing countries: Linking theories to
realities‖, Habitat International, Vol.28,pp.467-479.
III. AjeetSaoji (2001) ―E-waste management: An emerging environmental
and health issue in India‖, National Journal of Medical Research, Vol.2,
Issue 1, January–March.
IV. Alexandra Skinneretal(2010)―The challenges of e-waste management
in India :can India draw lesson from the EU and the USA?‖, ASIEN
117,October.
V. Bhide A.D. and Sundaresan B.B. (2001) ―Solid Waste Management –
Collection, Processing and Disposal‖, Mudrashllpa Offset Printers.
Nagpur.
VI. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), (2012) ―Management of
Municipal Solid Waste‖,
Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi,India.
VII. Chabra (2003) ―Management Options of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) of Indian Cities‖,Management of Environmental Pollution,
Book Enclave, Jaipur, pp.160-169.
VIII Chandra Yadav Ishwarand Devi N.Linthoingambi(2009)―Studieson
Bilitewski B, Hardle G, Marek K, Weissbach A and Boeddicker H
(1997) ―waste management, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg,
Germany.
IX. Fricke, K. Santen H. and Bidlingmaier W (2001) ―Biotechnological
Process for Solving Waste Management problems in Economically
Less Developed Countries – Proceedings Sardini Eighth
International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagriali,
Italy, .
X. Garg, Ankur. Kumar, Varun and Verma, Vaishav (2007) ―Public
Private Partnership for solid waste management in Delhi – A case
study‖, Proceedings of international conference on sustainable solid
waste management, September, Chennai. India. pp.552 – 559.
XI. Gerwig Kathy, Permanente Kaiser and Oakland (2001) ―Waste
management and healthcare‖ Setting Healthcare’s environmental
Agenda, conference proceeding, Publisher Health CareWithout
Harm,p.68.
XII. Jatin (1999) ―Project Report on Solid Waste Management at Trichy‖,
Kurukshetra. Vol.XII.

XIII. Jatin (1999) ―Project Report on Solid Waste Management at Trichy‖,
Kurukshetra. Vol.XII..
XIV. Jeffrey Stern, Douglass Southgate, an John Stramas, (1997)
―Improving Garbage Collection in Latin America’s Slums: Some
Lessons from Machala Ecuador‖, Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, Volume 20, Issue 3, July1997, pp.219-224.
XV. JoardarSouro D. (2000) ―Urban Residential Solid Waste Management
in India Issues Related to Institutional Arrangements‖ Public Works
Management & Policy, April, vol.4, pp.319-330.
XVI.. Lewis T Preston, Andrew Steer and Denis Anderson (1992) ―World
Development Report‖,Published by Oxford University Press, pp.53.60.
XVII.. Louisa Olds (2012) ―Curb your e-waste: why the UNITED State
should control its electronic waste exports‖, Cardozo Journal of
International and Comparative Law, June.

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Abstract:

A (p ,q)-graph G(V,E) is said to be square sum if their exist a bijection g: V→{0, 1, 2, …, p -1} such that the induced map g*: E→N defined by g*(xy) = [g(x)]2 +[g(y)]2 for every xyE is one to one. The H-graph H(r) = (V,E) is 3-reqular graph with V= {vi,j: i =1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, …,2r}and E = , 4 1  k k E where E1={𝑣􀯜,􀯝𝑣􀯜,􀯝􀬾􀬵 |i =1,3 & 1j 2r-1}, E2 ={𝑣􀬶,􀯝𝑣􀬶,􀯝􀬾􀬵|1j 2r-1 & j odd}, E3 = {𝑣􀬵,􀬵𝑣􀬵,􀬶􀯥,𝑣􀬷,􀬵𝑣􀬷,􀬶􀯥 }, E4={𝑣􀯜,􀯝𝑣􀯜􀬾􀬵,􀯝 |i=1,2 & 1j 2r}. Here we examine the square sum labeling of Cycle of Cycle graphs Ct(Cn) for t,n≥3 and H(r).

Keywords:

Square sum labeling,Cycle of Cycle graphs and H(r),

Refference:

I. Ajitha V., Arumugam S. and Germina K.A, “On square sum graphs”, AKCE
J. Graphs and Combinatorics, 6(1) pp.1-10, 2009.
II. Beineke.L.W. And S.M.Hegde, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 21, 63, 2001.
III. Gallian, J.A. “A dynamic survey of graph labeling” The Electronic Journal of
Combinatorics, #DS6, 2017
IV. Germina.K.A and R.Sebastian “Further results on square sum graphs”
International
Mathematical Forum, Vol. 8 (1), pp. 47-57, 2013.
V. Harary F. “Graph theory” Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
VI. Kaneria V. J., Makadia H.M. , Jariya M.M., “Graceful Labeling for Cycle of
Graphs”,
International Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 6(2), pp. 173–178, 2014.
VII. Shiama .J, “Square sum labeling for some middle and total graphs”
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), Vol. 37(4),
January 2012.

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Abstract:

In this paper, we prove that the duplication of each vertex of a path by an edge, the duplication of a pendant vertex by an edge of CnʘK1, 2-tuple graph of K1,n , the switching of a pendant vertex in path admit square difference labeling(SDL).

Keywords:

Square difference graph,duplication,switching of vertex,2-tuple graph,

Refference:

I. Frank Harary, Graph
II. Gallian. J.A, A dynamic survey of graph labeling, The electronics journal of
Combinatories, 17 (2010) #DS6.
III. Rosa. A, On certain valuation of graph theory of graphs (Rome, July 1966),
Golden and Breach, N.Y and Paris (
IV. Shiama. J, “Square difference labeling for certain graph”, International Journal
of Computer Applications (0975
V. Shiama. J, “Square difference labeling of some path, fan and gear graphs”,
International Journal of
3, March 2013.
VI. Sugumaran. A and V. Mohan, “Difference Cordial Labeling of some special
graphs and related to fan graphs”, International journal for research in
Engineering Application and Management, ISS
March 2019.
VII. Vihol. P.L and P.H. Shah, “Difference cordial Labeling of 2
Some graphs”, International journal of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol
4, Issue 2-A(2016), 111
Advancement in Engineering, Science & Technology
No.-2, August (2019) pp
631
+1)
1
g*(ei) g*(ej), ei  ejE(G).
Square Difference Labeling for 𝑇􀬶􀵫𝐾􀬵,􀬸􀵯
some special graphs of cycle, path and tree
quare labeling.
theory, Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
, , 1967), 349355.
, 0975-08887), 44(4) (2012).
, Scientific and Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue
ISSN: 2454 – 9150, vol 4, Issue 12,
2–tuple graphs of
111-119.

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Abstract:

We have various properties of the finite integer distance graph and arithmetical sequences as distance set are presented. Here analogous the edge coloring and total coloring of integer distance graph and upper bound of choice number established. Integer distance graph relative to the choice number and total choice number, choice index and total choice index discussed and various connectivity questions are also investigated. It is well known that with every nonempty ordinary graph G there is associated a graph L(G), called the line graph of G such that the edge chromatic of G is equal to the vertex chromatic number of L(G). We find it convenient to associate with every ordinary graph G called the total

Keywords:

Euclidean space,Choice number,Integer distance graph,

Refference:

I. J.J. Chen, G.J. Chang, K.C. Huang, Integral distance graphs, J. Graph
Theory 25 (1997) 287-294.
II. M.Voigt, H. Walther, On the chromatic number of special distance
graphs, Discrete Math. 97 (1991) 395-397.
III. M.Voigt, On the chromatic number of distance graphs, J.Inform.
Process.Cybernet. EIK 28 (1992) 21-28.
IV. M.Voigt, H. Walther, On the chromatic number of special distance graphs,
Discrete Math. 97 (1991) 395-397.
V M.Voigt. Farbung von Distanzgraphen, Preprint, 1993.
VI R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring the real line, J.Combin.
Theory B39(1985)86-100.
VII R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring the real line, J.Combin.
Theory Ser.B39 (1985)86-100[Erratum:41(1986)139].
VIII R.B.Eggleton ,P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Update information to research
problem 77, Discretemath.69(1988)105.
IX R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring prime distance
graphs,Graphs combinatorics 6(1990)17-32.
X W.A.Deuber,X.Zhu,The chromatic number of the distance graphs,
preprint,1995.

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Abstract:

Assume we are given a Grothendieck, pseudo trivial, trivially Po´lya– Germain curve k. In [h], the main result was the classification of invertible, pairwise elliptic, prime equations. We show that Kummer’s conjecture is false in the context of Hilbert elements. Moreover, unfortunately, we cannot assume that F(X) > Ξ. Thus this could shed important light on a conjecture of Eratosthenes.

Keywords:

Null Homeomorphisms,conjecture of Eratosthenes,

Refference:

I. S. Boole. Compact continuity for rings. Journal of Commutative Topology,
4:307–325, May 2001.
II. C. Bose and W. Q. Zhou. Existence in general model theory. Journal of
Homological Combinatorics, 35:51–60, June 1998.
III. E. Bose. Homological PDE. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
IV. Bose. On the uniqueness of domains. Laotian Mathematical Journal, 91:1–4037,
April 1991.
V. N. Bose and C. Lindemann. Introduction to Hyperbolic Dynamics. Wiley, 1995.
VI Y. B. Brown and X. G. Shastri. Semi-extrinsic isomorphisms over functionals.
Journal of Non-Linear Knot Theory, 97:1409–1429, May 2005.
VII F. Euclid and E. Volterra. Uniqueness methods in fuzzy geometry. Journal of
Singular Probability, 53:1406–1454, May 2011.
VIII . N. Eudoxus. Simply contra-ordered subsets for a function. Surinamese Journal
of Stochastic Mechanics, 53:520–527, August 2008.

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Abstract:

Batch Activity Monitor System provides an easier way to monitor the transaction records within a warehouse and monitor the associated transactions. This system enables the administrator to isolate the transaction records that fails to process, thereby minimizing the time and cost overheads. It also helps the administrator to view the processing and arriving trend of all the transaction records in any particular batch. These trends can be monitored for any particular time interval. The deviation in any specific record can be viewed with a pictorial graph and the amendments to the deviating record could be rectified.

Keywords:

Batch Activity Monitor System,pictorial graph,

Refference:

I. A. Bifet and R. Gavaldà, “Learning from time-changing data with adaptive
windowing,” in Proc. 7th SIAM Int. Conf. Data Mining (SDM), pp. 443–448,
2007[1]
II.M. van Leeuwen and A. Siebes, “StreamKrimp: Detecting change in data
streams,” in Proc. Mach. Learn. Knowl. Discovery Databases, pp. 672–687,
2008. [2]
III. W. M. P. van der Aalst and K. M. van Hee,” Workflow Management:
Models, Methods, and Systems”. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2004. [3]

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Abstract:

In this work we study that D(k1,n), D(Bn,n) and D(Cn ʘ K1), n  3 admits product cordial labeling.

Keywords:

Duplication of a vertex by an edge,Product Cordial Labeling (PCL),Product Cordial Graphs (PCG),

Refference:

I. Frank Harary, Graph theory, Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
II. Gallian. J.A, A dynamic
Combinatories, 17 (2010) #DS6.
III. Rosa A, On certain valuation of graph theory of graphs (Rome, July 1966),
Golden and Breach, N.Y and Paris (1967), 349
IV. Sugumaran, K. Suresh, A special class of prime
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 114, No. 6, pp. 41
V. Sundaram. M, Ponraj. R and Somasundaram. S, Product Cordial Labeling of
Graphs, Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences. Vol. 23E(No.1) 2004, p. 155
163.
VI. Vaidya. S.K, C.M. Barasara, Product cordial graphs in the context of some
graphs operations, International Journal of Mathematics and Scientific
Computing, Vol. 1, pp. 1
Advancement in Engineering, Science & Technology
No.-2, August (2019) pp
646
D(C3 ʘ K1) shown below.
D(k1,n), D(Bn,n)and D(Cn ʘ K1) are product cordial
, survey of graph labeling, The electronics journal of
, 355.
cordial graphs, Internal
, 6, 2011.

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Abstract:

In this paper we prove Ladder, Cube Q₃ , Octahedron, K2 + mK1 and jewel graphs are L –Cordial Graphs.

Keywords:

L – Cordial Labeling (LCL),L – Cordial Graph (LCG),Ladder,Cube,Octahedron,

Refference:

I. Amit H Rokad, Kalpesh M.Patadiya,”Cordial
Aryabhatta Journal of Mathematics
597.
II. Frank Harary, “Graph Theory
III. Gallian J.A,”A dynamic survey of graph labeling
combinatroics 17(2010) # DS6.
IV. Mukund V Bapat
Labeling”, Internat
Technology(IJMTT)
V. Mukund V Bapat
Journal of Mathematics and its applications
460.
VI. Mukund V Bapat
International Journal of Statistics and applied Mathematics, 2018,3(2) 641
644.
VII. Selvam. A, Avadayappan
International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research ,Vol.7,Issue
3(2013), 692-697.
VIII. Seoud. M.A, Shakir M.Salman,
2015,Issue 01,105
Advancement in Engineering, Science & Technology
No.-2, August (2019) pp
652
+mK1 and jewel Jn are L-Cordial Graphs
Labeling of some graphs
and Informations ,Vol.09 issue 0
Theory”, Narosa publishing House (2001).
labeling”, The electronic journal of
Bapat, ” Some Vertex Prime Graphs And A New Type Of Graph
International Journal of Mathematics Trends and
IJMTT), Vol 47 issue 01 pp:49-55, 2017
Bapat, “A note on L-cordial labeling of graph”, Interna
applications, Vol 5 issue 4-D (2017) ,457
Bapat, “New results on L-cordial labeling of Graphs
Avadayappan, R.Sinthu,”New families of supeer mean graphs
Salman,, “On Difference Cordial Graphs
01,105-124.

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Abstract:

Everyday a need for energy sources and fossil fuel is growing high. Also that this type of fossil fuel is not an eco-friendly. So it is necessary to look forward for alternate fuel for vehicles. The best and most suitable alternate source of fuel is Biodiesel. Because Biodiesel contain long chain alkyl esters. Also that it is prepared from renewable sources and it is bio-degradable. In this project citrullus vulgaris oil is used as a biodiesel. It is used due to its low cost and high availability. This biodiesel is prepared by using the process of transesterification process. Experimental investigation of diesel engine is carried away to find out the performance characteristics and Emission analysis of the CI (compression ignition) diesel engine, when using n-Butyl alcohol (n-butanol) as an additive with neat diesel and Biodiesel blends. This experiment consists of mixing of Biodiesel and Diesel with additive n-butyl alcohol (commonly known as n-butanol) in 80% of diesel, remaining 20% of Biodiesel and additives in mass basis. The final results yields that performance and emission characteristics of the single cylinder diesel engine can be improved slightly by using Biodiesel blend than neat diesel and it is compare with standard diesel. The performance characteristics were carried out the BTE, SFC, TFC, and at the same time the emission analysis and result getting the HC, CO, CO2 and NOx.

Keywords:

Performance,Emission analysis,n-butanol,Biodiesel,Diesel Engine,Transesterification,

Refference:

I. Abbas Alli Taghipoor Bafghi, Hosein Bakhoda, Fateme Khodaei Chegeni,
“Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Addition in Diesel and Diesel-Biodiesel
Blends on the Performance Characteristics of a CI Engine”, International Journal
of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Vol:9, No:8, (2015) pg. no. 1507-
1512.
II. Ahmet Necati Ozsezen, Mustafa Canakci, “Determination of performance and
combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with canola and waste palm
oil. methyl esters”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 52, (2011), pg. no.
108–116
III. Alemayehu Gashaw and Amanu Lakachew, “Production of biodiesel from non
edible oil and its properties”, International Journal of Science, Environment and
Technology, Vol. 3, No 4, (2014), pg. no. 1544 – 1562.
IV. Alpaslan Atmanlı, Erol Ileri, Bedri Yuksel, “Effects of higher ratios of n-butanol
addition to dieselevegetable oil blends on performance and exhaust emissions of
a diesel engine”, Journal of the Energy Institute xxx (2014), pg. no. 1 -12.
V. Asokan M.A, S. Senthur prabu, Shikhar Kamesh, Wasiuddin Khan,
“Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of diesel engine fuelled
with papaya and watermelon seed oil bio-diesel/diesel blends”, Energy, vol. 145,
(2018), pg. no. 238 – 246
VI. Christopher M and R. Sabarish, “Emission Analysis of a Single Cylinder DI
Engine Running on Biodiesel Blend as Fuel”, Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, (2014), vol 20, iss 6, pg no 681-684.

VII. Dhandapani Kannan, Senthilkumar Pachamuthu, Md. Nurun Nabi, Johan Einar
Hustad, Terese Lovas , “Theoretical and experimental investigation of diesel
engine performance, combustion and emissions analysis fuelled with the blends
of ethanol, diesel and jatropha methyl ester”, Energy Conversion and
Management, vol. 53, (2012), pg. no. 322–331.
VIII. Duduyemi, Oladejo, Adebanjo S.A, Oluoti Kehinde, “Extraction And
Determination Of Physico- Chemical Properties Of Watermelon Seed Oil
(Citrullus Lanatus L) For Relevant Uses”, International journal of scientific &
technology research vol. 2, iss. 8, (2013), pg. no. 66-68.
IX. Erol ileri and gunnur kocar, “Experimental investigation of the effect of fuel
injection advance on engine performance and exhaust emission parameters using
canola oil methyl ester in a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine”, Energy
Fuels, (2009), vol. 23, pg. no. 5191–5198.
X. Erol Ileri, Gunnur Kocar, “Effects of antioxidant additives on engine
performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with canola oil
methyl ester–diesel blend”, Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 76,
(2013), pg. no. 145–154.
XI. Erol Ileri, Gunnur Kocar, “Experimental investigation of the effect of antioxidant
additives on NOx emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel”, Fuel, vol. 125,
(2014), pg. no. 44–49.
XII. Fontaras G, T. Tzamkiozis, E. Hatziemmanouil and Z. Samaras, “experimental
study on the potential application of cottonseed oil—diesel blends as fuels for
automotive diesel engines”, study on automotive diesel engines, Trans IChemE,
Part B, Vol 85, (2007), pg. no. 396–403.
XIII. Frank Lujaji, Lukács Kristof, Akos Bereczky, Makame Mbarawa, “Experimental
investigation of fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emissions
of blends containing croton oil, butanol, and diesel on a CI engine”, Fuel 90,
(2011), pg. no. 505–510.
XIV. Girimurugan R, A.Jayachandhru, G.Magudeshwaran, M.Prakash, M.Sasikumar,
“Performance Analysis of an I.C Engine Operating With Different Honge Oil
Blends”, International Journal of Research in Advent Technology,2014, Vol.2,
iss.11, pg no 131- 135
XV. Gnanamoorthi V, G. Devaradjane, “Effect of compression ratio on the
performance, combustion and emission of DI diesel engine fueled with ethanol –
Diesel blend”, Journal of the Energy Institute xxx (2014) pg. no. 1-8.

XVI. Gokhan Tuccar , Tayfun Ozgur, Kadir Aydın, “Effect of diesel–microalgae
biodiesel–butanol blends on performance and emissions of diesel engine”, Fuel,
vol. 132, (2014), pg. no.47–52.
XVII. Gvidonas Labeckas , Stasys Slavinskas, “Comparative performance of direct
injection diesel engine operating on ethanol, petrol and rapeseed oil blends”,
Energy Conversion and Management 50, (2009), pg. no. 792–801.
XVIII. Hemant Y. Shrirame, N. L. Panwar, B. R. Bamniya, “Bio Diesel from Castor Oil
– A Green Energy Option”, Low Carbon Economy, (2011), vol.2, pg. no. 1-6.
XIX. Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani J, K. Kirubhakaran, M.Parthasarathy, R.Sabarish,
Dr.K.Annamalai, “Performance Characteristics and Emission Analysis of a
Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated on Blends of Diesel and Waste Cooking
Oil”, the International Conference on Energy Efficient technologies for
sustainability (ICEETS), St. Xavier’s Catholic College of Engineering,
Nagercoil, Kanyakumari Dist, Tamilnadu, India,(2013), pg. no. 781 – 785.
XX. Jaichandar S, and K. Annamalai, “The Status of Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel
for Diesel Engine – An Overview”, Journal of Sustainable Energy &
Environment vol.2, (2011), pg.no. 71-75.
XXI. Jayashri N Nair, J. Deepthi, K. Siva kalyani, “Study of biodiesel blends and
emission characteristics of biodiesel”, International Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Iss 8, (2013), pg. no.
3710 – 3715.
XXII. KrishnaMoorthy Ramalingam, Annamalai Kandasamy, Dhinesh
Balasubramanian, J. Paul James Thadhani, “An assessment of combustion,
performance characteristics and emission control strategy by adding anti-oxidant
additive in emulsified fuel”, Atmospheric Pollution Research xxx, (2018), pg. no.
1-9
XXIII. Lujaji F, A. Bereczky, L. Janosi, Cs. Novak, M. Mbarawa, “Cetane number and
thermal properties of vegetable oil, biodiesel, 1-butanol and diesel blends”, J
Therm Anal Calorim, (2010), vol. 102, pg. no.1175–1181.
XXIV. Manickam AR, K.Rajan, N.Manoharan & KR. Senthil Kumar, “Experimental
analysis of a Diesel Engine fuelled with Biodiesel Blend using Di-ethyl ether as
fuel additives”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Vol
6, No 5, ( 2014), pg. no. 2412 -2420.
XXV. Mevlut Sureyya Kocak, Erol Ileri, and Zafer Utlu, “Experimental Study of
Emission Parameters of Biodiesel Fuels Obtained from Canola, Hazelnut, and
Waste Cooking Oils”, Energy & Fuels vol 21, (2007), pg. no. 3622–3626.

XXVI. Mingfa Yao, Hu Wang, Zunqing Zheng, Yan Yue, “Experimental study of nbutanol
additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and
emissions”, Fuel vol. 89, (2010), pg. no. 2191–2201.
XXVII. Mohamed F. Al-Dawody, S.K. Bhatti, “Optimization strategies to reduce the
biodiesel NOx effect in diesel engine with experimental verification”, Energy
Conversion and Management, vol. 68, (2013), pg. no. 96–104.
XXVIII. Muralidharan K, D. Vasudevan, K.N. Sheeba, “Performance, emission and
combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuelled variable compression ratio
engine”, Energy, vol. 36 (2011), pg. no. 5385 –5393.
XXIX. Mushtaq Ahmad, Mir Ajab Khan, Muhammad Zafar and Shazia Sultana,
“Biodiesel from Non Edible Oil Seeds:a Renewable Source of Bioenergy”,
Economic Effects of Biofuel Production, (2011) chapter – 1, pg.no. 259-279.
XXX. Mustafa Atakan Akar, “Performance and emission characteristics of compression
ignition engine operating with false flax biodiesel and butanol blends”, Advances
in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 8, iss. 2, (2016), pg. no. 1–7
XXXI. Nadir Yilmaz , Francisco M. Vigil, “Potential use of a blend of diesel, biodiesel,
alcohols and vegetable oil in compression ignition engines”, Fuel, vol. 124,
(2014), pg. no. 168–172.
XXXII. Oguzhan Dogan, “The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a
small diesel engine performance and emissions”, Fuel, vol. 90 (2011), pg. no.
2467–2472.
XXXIII. Oladeji A. OGUNWOLE, “Production of biodiesel from watermelon (Citrullus
lanatus) seed oil”, Leonardo Journal of Sciences, Iss. 27, (2015) pg. no. 63-74.
XXXIV. Onkar s. Tyagi, neeraj atray, basant kumar and arunabha datta, “Production,
Characterization and Development of Standards for Biodiesel – A Review”,
Journal of Metrology Society of India, vol.25, no.3, (2010), pg. no. 197-218.
XXXV. Panneerselvam N, A. Murugesan, C. Vijayakumar & D. Subramaniam,
“Optimization of biodiesel produced from watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) using
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