Special Issue No. – 2, August, 2019

Abstract:

An electric vehicle is known for movable storage batteries, and emerging technology. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) can extract strength from either chemical fuels or stored electricity, wherein the latter is normally regenerated by using plugging into the electrical grid. PHEV era presents an effective answer for accomplishing better gasoline economy, higher performance, and decrease emissions, compared with traditional automobiles. In PHEV system, on-board charger plays a major role in new trend of fast charging technique. This can be achieved with participating the charger with the converter or assimilating the charger with the motor drive. Integration of driving/charging modes by various controlling converter were employed. This paper deals with series plug in hybrid vehicle controlled by closed-loop control which is being used in switched reluctance motor (SRM). SRM has mounting interest in electrified automobiles due to fantastic overall performance and has been regarded as a low-value system. It has focused windings on the stator and no magnetic foundation at the rotor. Owed to the higher torque-production competence with decrease undulation in torque, an SRM with a higher quantity of stator and rotor poles is an ability applicant for purchase packages in plug-in hybrid electric powered automobiles. In this proposed gadget, the electrical strength drift in the drivetrain is meticulous by means of an electricity electronic converter with less power substituting devices and the operation of the machines levels is unbiased. It lets in the preferred power adaptationamongthe SR motor,the engine generator, and the batteryunder distinctive operation modes. The paper focuses on the layout and implementation of 3 phase switched disinclination motor force with combined charging characteristic all through riding mode of plug in hybrid electric automobile. During driving mode, the excitation interval, driving interval and charging interval were obtained by varying commutation angle with reference to rotor position. For this operation new energy efficient converter is derived to reduce voltage across each phase windings were analyzed and simulated. Simulation consequences primarily based on MATLAB or Simulink demonstrate the efficiency of the motor drive for automobile application and also enhance the market adoption of PHEV.

Keywords:

Hybrid-Electric vehicle,PHEV,SRM,On-Board Charger,

Refference:

I. BerkerBilgin, Ali Emadi, and Krishnamurthy M. (2012), ‘Design considerations
for switched reluctance machines with a higher number of rotor poles’,IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 10, pp3. 3745-3756.
II. Bin Gu, Jih-Sheng Lai, Nathan kees and Cong zheng (2013), ‘Hybrid-switching
full-bridge dc–dc converter with minimal voltage stress of bridge rectifier,
reduced circulating losses, and filter requirement for electric vehicle battery
chargers’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 3.
III. Chang H.C. And Liaw C.M. (2011), ‘An integrated driving/charging switched
reluctance motor drive using three-phase power module’, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1763–1775.
IV. ChangH.C. and LiawC.M. (2009), ‘Development of a compact switched
reluctance motor drive for EV propulsion with voltage-boosting and PFC
charging capabilities’,IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 3198–3215.
V. Chun Gan, Yihua Hu, Jianhua Wu, Shiyou Yang, Weaping Cao, and Josep.M
Guerrero (2016), ‘New integrated multilevel converter for switched reluctance
motor drives in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with flexible energy conversion’,
IEEE Trans. Power Electron (not yet published).
VI. Hongfei W, Peng X, Haibing H, Zihu Z and Andx. Yan (2014), ‘Multiport
converters based on integration of full-bridge and bidirectional dc/dc topologies
for renewable generation systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 61, no. 2, pp.
856–869.

VII. Jianing Liang, Dong-Hee Lee, Guoging Xu and Jin-Woo Ahn(2010), ‘Analysis
of passive boost power converter for three-phase SR drive’, IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 57, no. 9.
VIII. Jr-Jia He, Kai-Wei Hu and Chang-Ming Liaw (2015), ‘An EV SRM drive
powered by battery/supercapacitor with G2V and V2H/V2G capabilities’, IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 62, no. 8.
IX. Katsuhiko Urase, Noboru Yabu, KyoheiKiyota, Hiroya Sugimoto, Akira Chiba
and Masatsugu Takemoto(2015), ‘Energy efficiency of SR and IPM generators
for hybrid electric vehicle’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 51, no. 4.
X. KhanM. A, Husain I andSozerY. (2013), ‘Integrated electric motor drive and
power electronics for bidirectional power flow between the electric vehicle and
dc or ac grid,’ IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5774– 5783.
XI. Kim H, Kim M. Y and Moon G.W. (2013), ‘A modularized charge equalizer
using a battery monitoring IC for series-connected li-ion battery strings in
electric vehicles’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 3779–3787.

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Abstract:

In this article investigates the new novel technique to extract maximum output power from hybrid power generations. In this interconnected solar and wind to reach the power demand. To obtain maximum power from solar power employed incremental conductance MPPT algorithm and for maximum wind production adopted DFIG. The PID controller for source side and rotor side works very well compare to the existing control strategies. An acceptable MATLAB simulation result, output performance is achieved.

Keywords:

Solar,Wind,DFIG,

Refference:

I. A. I. Maswood, Ooi H. P. Gabriel and E. Ammar, “Comparative study of
multilevel inverters under unbalanced voltage in a single DC link, “lET
Power Electron. Vol. 6, Iss. 8, pp.1530-1943, May.2013.
II. Bim Wu, “Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter” in High power converters
and Ac drives , New Jersey, pp.127-130.
III. D. Casadei, F. Profumo, G. Serra, and A. Tani, “FOC and DTC: Two viable
schemes for induction motors torque control,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron.,
vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 779–787, Sep. 2002.
IV. F. Z. Peng, “A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Self Voltage
Balancing, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., voI.35, no.5, pp. 1098- 1107, Sep./Oct.
1999.
V. K.-B. Lee, S.-H. Huh, J.-Y. Yoo, and F. Blaabjerg, “Performance
improvement of DTC for induction motor-fed by three-level inverter with an
uncertainty observer using RBFN,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 20,
no. 2, pp. 276–283, Jun. 2005.
VI. K.-B. Lee, J.-H. Song, I. Choy, and J.-Y Yoo, “Improvement of low-speed
operation performances of DTC for 3-level inverter-fed induction motors,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1006–1014, Oct. 2001.
VII. McGrath, B.P.; Holmes, D.G.;, “Multicarrier PWM strategies for multilevel
inverters , “, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, vo1.49, no.4, pp. 858- 867, Aug
2002.
VIII. P. Palanivel and S.S. Dash, “Analysis of THO and output voltage
performance for cascaded multilevel inverter using carrier pulse width
modulation techniques, “lET Power Electron. Vol.4, Iss. 8, pp. 95I-958,
Mar.2011.

IX. Sakthivel K, V.Jayalakshmi, G.Rajakumari “Modeling and Simulation of a
GRID-TIED Solar PV System” International Journal of Recent Technology
and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-6S2, April 2019
X. R. Teodorescu, F. Blaabjerg, M. Liserre, and P. C. Loh, “Proportional
resonant controllers and filters for grid-connected voltage-source converters,”
Inst. Electr. Eng. Proc. Electr. Power Appl., vol. 153, no. 5,pp. 750-762, Sep.
2006.

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Abstract:

With the appearance of smart grid, the power framework task, checking and controls are ending up for further astute & PC helped. In-accordance with fundamental goal what's more, perspective of the smart system, transmission line fault pattern acknowledgment, fault elimination must be done out more insightfully, sensibly and naturally, with less administrator interruption. In-accordance with the fundamental goal and perspective of smart power lattices, transmission line fault example acknowledgment and fault leeway must be ample out more shrewdly, sensibly and consequently, with less administrator interruption. Ordinarily we read in daily papers that Humans and Animals pass on because of electrical stun in remote zones or in farming regions as contact with broken and hanging live supply wires. Safety hardware of Distribution Company is lacking and because of this line stays live with broken wires. Here we portray an adjustment to existing force dispersion framework for wire break identification and a power supply breaking instrument.

Keywords:

Smart Grid,transmission line fault,framework,break identification,

Refference:

I. A. A. M. Zin, M. Saini, M. W. Mustafa, A. R. Sultan and R.Sultan ”A new
algorithm for detection and fault classification on parallel transmission line using
DWT and BPNN based on clarke’stransformation”, Neurocomputing, vol. 168,
pp. 983-993, 2015.
II. B. Ge, H. Abu-Rub, F. Z. Peng, Q. Li, A. T. de Almeida, F. J. T. E. Ferreira, D.
Sun, and Y. Liu, “An energy stored quasi-Z-source inverter for application to
photovoltaic power system”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 10,
pp.4468-4481, Oct. 2013G. N. Jyothi, S. SriDevi, “Distributed arithmetic
architectures for FIR filters
III. J. A. Jiang, C.-S. Chen and C.-W. LinA, ”A new protection scheme forfault
detection, direction discrimination, classification, and location intransmission
lines”, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 3442, Jan. 2003.
IV. K. Chakravarthy, R. Saleem, and D. Singh, “Power Flow Improvement In
Transmission Line Using UPFC”, IEEE Trans.on Power Sys., vo1. 9, no. 3, pp.
1454-1461, June 2014..
V. K. R. Padiyar and N. Prabhu, “Investigation of SSR characteristics of unified
power flow controller”, in Electric PowerSystems Research, vol. 74, pp. 211-221,
2005.
VI. M. Farshad and J. Sadeh, A novel fault-location methodforhvdctransmission lines
based on similarity measurement of voltage signals”,IEEE Trans. Power Del.,
vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 2483-2490, Oct. 2013.
VII. Ravichandran N, V.Jayalakshmi “Power transformer fault analysis by duval
triangle method based on dissolved gas analysis” International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 2278-3075 Volume-
8 Issue-6S, 2019.
VIII. Sakthivel K, V.Jayalakshmi, G.Rajakumari “Modeling and Simulation of a
GRID-TIED Solar PV System” International Journal of Recent
Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-
6S2, April 2019

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Abstract:

This paper deals with comparison of VSI fed and matrix converter(MC) fed induction motor drive system. These systems are designed, modelled and simulated in Matlab/simulink. This drive system has benefits like reduced THD, reduced losses and low heating of induction motor. The THD content of current of VSI fed drive system is compared with that of MC fed drive system.

Keywords:

VSI,Matrix converter,Induction Motor,

Refference:

I. Johann W. Kolar, Frank Schafmeister, Simon D. Round, and Hans Ertl,
“Novel Three-Phase AC–AC Sparse Matrix Converters”, IEEE transactions
on Power Electronics, vol. 22, no. 5, September 2007, Page(s):1649-1661.
II. LeeEmpringham, Johann W. Kolar, Jose Rodriguez, Pat W. Wheeler, and
Jon C. Clare, “Technological Issues and Industrial Application of Matrix
Converters: A Review”, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol.
60, No. 10, October 2013, Pgs: 4260-4271.
III. Mllanovic, M. , Dobaj, B. , “A novel unity power factor correction principle
in direct AC to AC matrix converters”,29th Annual IEEE Power Electronics
Specialists Conference, 1998. PESC 98 Record, Volume:1, 17 May 1998-
22 May 1998, pgs: 746 – 752.
IV. Sharon D. Ronald, A. Sheela, S. Josephin Mary, “Three Phase to Three
Phase Direct Matrix Converter using SPWM Technique”,International
Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307,
Volume-3, Issue-2, May 2013.
V. Three-comparison between back-back and matrix converter based on thermal
stress of the swtchesD.Casadei, G.Grandi, C.Rossi, A.Trentin, L.Zarri,2004
IEEE, Pg 1081-1086.
VI. S Prakash, V Jayalakshmi “Power quality improvement using matrix
converter”International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume116, I-19 Special Issue, PP95-98, 2017

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Abstract:

Due to the rapid interest in renewable energy sources, the exploitation of solar energy becomes more. PV systems are responsible for extracting the maximum power from the incident solar irradiation irrespective to temperature and surface of the panel. Our proposed work mainly focus on effective utilization of Photovoltaic (PV) systems even under partial shading. This objective is achieved by using a SMC-controlled PVBBCI systems. This work also manages examination amongst FOPID and SMCPVBBCI method. The Open-loop-PVBBCI-system, closed-loop-FOPID-controlled- PVBBCI and SMC-based-PVBBCI-system are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Finally, with the MATLAB simulation results, SMC-PVBBCI technique has more preferences than the FOPID-controlled-PVBBCI systems with respect to improved efficiency, dynamic response and in maintaining constant voltage of PVBBCI system during partial shading conditions.

Keywords:

Photo-voltaic-system ‘(P-V),,‘Fractional-Order-PID-Controller’ (FOPID),‘Maximum-power-point-tracking’(MPPT).,PV Buck Boost-Converter with inverter - PVBBCI,

Refference:

I. Ashly Dhanesana, Ravishankar A N, Anudev J,” PV Systems with
Continuous Sliding Mode Controlled Quadratic Boost Converter”, science
Direct, Elsevier.
II. J.So,-B.Yu,&-H.Hwang,“-Performance-monitoring-and-analysis-ofmiddle-
scale-grid-connected-PV -system,” ,- 2007.

III. K.Ishaque&-Z.Salam,”-A-deterministic-particle-swarm-optimizationmaximum-
power-point-tracker-for photovoltaic-system-under-partialshading-
condition-.IEEE-Trans.-Ind.-Elec.,-Vol-60, -NO-3, -Aug-2013, –
pp.num-3195–3206.
IV. K Dwarakesh , Renewable Based Multicarrier PWM Topology For
Symmetric MLI, International Journal of Engineering and Technology,
2016, Volume 8, No 16, 2901- 2908.
V. MaissaFarhat, Oscar Barambones&LassaadSbita,” A new maximum
power point method based on a sliding mode approach for solar energy
harvesting”, Contents list available at science Direct Applied Energy,
Elsevier.
VI. P. Jeba& A. Immanuel Selvakumar,” FOPID based MPPT for
photovoltaic system” energy sources, part a: recovery, utilization, and
environmental effects.
VII. S.Sherine, Dr. S. Prakash &SP.V.Vinayagan, “Maximum Power
Extraction from Photovoltaic System using Intelligent Controller
Technique”, 8thIEEE International Conference On Information ,
Communication, And Embedded Systems, ISBN:978-1-7281-1395-1.
VIII. S. Sherine, S. Prakash, A. Navaneethamoorthy, “Investigation on Solar
Panels with and Without Shading Effects in Series and Parallel
Connections”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology, Volume 8 Issue 3 2019, 354 – 357, ISSN: 2249 – 8958.
IX. Sakthivel K, V.Jayalakshmi, G.Rajakumari “Modeling and Simulation of a
GRID-TIED Solar PV System” International Journal of Recent
Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-
6S2, April 2019

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Abstract:

As the requirement of smart grid network for reliability and operational flexibility, enhancing, development and change of the distribution network have turned out to be consistent. At any cost the interruption of supply should not be there. It should be avoided by implementing the various innovations through practical experiences. The impact of fault in any one of the feeders in 230 KV substations should not affect other feeders irrespective of radial and tie. A fault tolerant logic has been developed and implemented in a prototype experimental setup

Keywords:

Smart Grid,230 KV substation,fault tolerant control,darkout,

Refference:

I. Guiping Deng; Yuanzhang Sun and Jian Xu, ” Research of reactive
compensation capacity for distribution network based on synthesis load
model,” in Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2008. ICIEA 2008.
3rd IEEE Conf., pp. 2025-2030, 2008.
II. Lendak I, A. Erdeljan, D. Čapko and S. Vukmirovic, “Algorithms in
electric power system one-line diagram creation,” Systems Man and
Cybernetics (SMC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on, Istanbul,
pp. 2867-2873, 2010.
III. Liu J., Y. Wu and G. Q. Liu, “Conversion form GIS based feeder maps
to electric diagrams,” Automation of Electrical Power Systems, vol.
29,no. 14, pp. 73-77, 2005.

IV. Lu Y. M., D. Liu and Y. H. Huang, “Feeder modeling and application
based on CIM,” Proceedings of the CSEE, pp. 157-163, 2012.
V. Majumder, R., “Reactive Power Compensation in Single-Phase
Operation of Microgrid,” in IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics, pp. 1403-1416, 2013.
VI. Paul, S.; Jewell, W.T., “Importance of Voltage Reduction and Optimal
Voltage Setting During Reactive Power Compensation,” in IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 1999-2007, 2014.
VII. Qinghe Chu; Weixian Li and XiuboNiu, ” The Application of S7-200
PLC Reactive Compensation Device in Small Substation,” in
Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC), 2013
5th International Conf., pp. 182-285, 2013.
VIII. Wollenberg, B.F., “Transmission system reactive power
compensation,” in Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, 2002.
IEEE, pp. 507-508, 2002.
IX. Zhang J. M., H. Chen and M. L. Zhou, “Generation of uniformly
distributed distribution network connection diagram and perception
measurement for situation awareness diagram,” Automation of
Electrical Power Systems, vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 166-173, 2014.
X. Zhou B. X., Z. Y. Meng and W. X. Wu, “Power grid automatic maping
algorithm for radial distribution feeder,” Electric Power, vol. 48, no.
12, pp. 136-140, 2015.
XI. Zhou Jianguo; Sun Qiuye; Zhang Huaguang and Zhao Yan, “Load
balancing and reactive power compensation based on capacitor banks
shunt compensation in low voltage distribution networks,” in Control
Conference (CCC), 2012 31st Chinese, pp. 6681-6686, 2012.

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Abstract:

Network recurrence is a basic part of intensity framework task. Programmed Automatic Demand Management System (ADMS) executed for all the State Distribution System by the Transmission Utility of the considerable number of States in India, at whatever point Grid indicates swaying the recurrence (i.e.., freq<=49.85) or else there is deviation of yield source is more noteworthy than 250MW, at that point the heap is cutoff and furthermore re-establishes the equivalent consequently on clearing the overdraw conditions. This gives control misfortune to each feeder in the influence station. This makes a downside the framework. So we propose an idea, where a programmed Reserved Hydro age demand will be raised inside 5 minutes to the Grid to repay low Frequency and High Deviation brought about by the absence of intensity supply from the power station or over Load of customer which may dodge the open circuit to the feeders. For venture reason we give this system utilizing microcontroller and electronic parts.

Keywords:

Cut-Off,Power Loss,Hydro-generation,Frequency,

Refference:

I. NishandThulasidharan, Titus A Chazhoor, Jisha K. V, MuhammedIrshad :
Design Architecture of Automatic Demand Management System for Feeder
Tripping, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics
and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 5, Issue 7, July 2016
II. PalenskyP. and D. Dietrich. Demand side management: Demand response,
intelligent energy systems, and smart loads. Industrial Informatics, IEEE
Transactions on, 7(3):381–388, Aug 2017
III. Ravisethi, A.K.Choubey: Yan Lingfei: Implementation of Automatic Demand
Management System (ADMS) Wang publication :2016,page(s):1-3 2016 China
International Conference On Electricity Distribution (CICED).
IV. VijayaragavanS.P.,Dr. S.Prakash, Dr. K. N. Bhanuprakash “ Nonisolated High
Voltage Gain DC-DC Converters Based on SSC and VMC “ in International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 8, August 2015.

V. VijayaragavanS.P., “An ASSESSMENT: Cloud Solutions In Process Industry “
in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET),
Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017
VI. VijayaragavanS.P.,“ Weight Rotation Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM
“ in International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering ,Vol. 3, Issue 7.
VII. VijayaragavanS.P., Anita Sampath Kumar “Renewable Energy Systems With
Photovoltaic Power Generators Operation And Modeling “ in International
Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 116 No. 19 2017.

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Abstract:

The paper that occurs a detail by detail account of a push to the part actionbound energy device for making fluid clean with a control system on the basis of the p q concept, and studies it is doing a play through simulation outcomes got with various kinds of quantities. It's accounted for, in an application that is brief the p-q concept and its particular application into the control of a push to the side action-bound energy device in making fluid clean. MATLAB/SIMULINK had been the simulation means, utilized in the work-room, development, and doing a play placed value of the push towards the general part action-bound energy come through gradually controller. The simulations had been deed for various quantities, of experiencing a result corresponding to the input and letter kinds being on-linear. The push to the side actionbound energy device for making fluid clean let us balancing harmonic currents, unbalanced lots, reactive energy, and zero-sequence currents, presenting an excellent force complete and steady-state doing a play, as they can be made findings within the simulation results.

Keywords:

Energy Quality Improvement,Shunt Active Filter,Harmonics Compensation,Computer Simulation, p-q Theory,

Refference:

I. AfonsoJ. L., C. Couto, J . S. Martins, “Active Filters with Control on the basis of
the p-q Theory”, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Newsletter, vol. 47, nº 3,
Set. 2000, pp. 5-10.
II. AfonsoJ. L., H. R. Silva, J. S. Martins, “Active Filters for Power Quality
Improvement”, IEEE Power Tech’2001, P orto, Portugal, 10-13 Set.2001.
III. AkagiH., Y. Kanazawa, A. Nabae, “Generalized Theory of this Instantaneous
Reactive energy in Three- period Circuits. Energy Electronics Conf., Tokyo,
Japan, 1983, pp. 1375-1386.
IV. AkagiH., Y. Kanazawa, A. Nabae, “Instantaneous Components”, IEEE Trans.
Industry Applic., vol. 20, May/June 1984.
V. AredesM., E. H. Watanabe, “New Control Algorithms for Series and Shunt
Three-Phase Four- Wire Active energy Filters”, IEEE Trans. Energy Delivery,
vol 10, # 3, 1995, pp july.1649-1656.
VI. Simulink – Model-Based and System- Based Design, Modeling, Simulation,
Implementation, variation 5, The Math Works, july 2002.
VII. WatanabeE. H. , R. M. Stephan, M.Aredes, “New Concepts of Instantaneous
Active and Powers that is reactive in Systems with Generic Loads”, IEEE Trans.
Energy Delivery, vol. 8, no. 2, 1993, pp april. 697-703.

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Abstract:

Aim: The Identification of bio active compounds or secondary metabolites and their antimicrobial activities of the chloroform extract of Couropita guianensis were studied on certain selected human pathogens. Materials and Methods: The phytocompounds of chloroform extract of a Couropita guinensis were analysed by HPLC the biological activities such as antibacterial efficacy were also analysed by the disc diffusion method. Results: The present investigation reveals the presence of phytocompounds and their role on antimicrobial efficacy against certain clinically important human bacterial pathogens such as E.coli, S.typhi, B.cereus, S.flexneri, P.aeroginosa and K.pneumoniae were studied. Conclusion: The present study focuses the presence of various phytocompounds and their crucial role on certain selected human pathogens.

Keywords:

Antimicrobials,Couropita guianensis,HPLC analysis,medicinal agents,Phytoconstituents,

Refference:

I. Bauer, AW, Kirby, WM, Sherries, JC, Turck, M, 1966. Antibiotic
susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.American Journal
of Clinical Pathnology, 1966,45, 493–496.PMID: 5325707.
II. Duraipandiyan, V, Ayyanar, M, Ignacimuthu, S. 2006. Antimicrobial activity
of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India.
BMC Complementary Altern Med , 6, 35–41. Doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-35.
III. Eloff, JN, A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal
inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria, Planta Medica,1998,
64, 711-713.
IV. Fonseca, S, Chini, A, Hamberg, M, Adie B, Porzel, A, Kramell, R, Miersch,
O, Wasternack, C, Solano R. 2009, (+)-7-iso-Jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine is the
endogenous bioactive jasmonate. Nat Chem Biol, 5(5), 344-50.doi:
10.1038/nchembio.161.

V. Harborne, JB, 1973. Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques
of plant analysis Chapman and Hall.Newyork, 1973 , 279–319.
VI. Patra, JK, Gouda, S, Sahoo, SK, Thatoi, HN, 2008. Chromatography
separation, 1H NMR analysis and bioautography screening of methanol
extract of Excoecaria agallocha L. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical
Biomedicine, 50 -56. Doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60129-4
VII. Paul John Peter, M, Yesu raj, J, Prabhu Sicis, VP, Joy, V, Saravanan, J ,
Sakthivel, S. GC-MS Analysis of bioactive components on the Leaves extract
of Stylosanthes fruticosa. A potential folklore medicinal plant. Asian
Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2012, 2 (3), 243-253.
VIII. Selvakumar, S, Gangatharan, S. 2017. HPTLC Fingerprinting and Antifungal
Efficacy of Chloroform Extract Couroupita guianensis on Selected Fungal
Pathogens. Int J Pharmaceutical sciences and Nanotechnology , 10(1), 3594-
3599.
IX. Selvakumar, S. 2015. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of aerial parts of
Crossandra infundibuliformis, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Research, 7(12),784-787.
X. Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens,
2002. 4th ed.Vol 1 A-H Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications: 2002,1355.

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Abstract:

In this paper we discuss about the important concepts of resolvent subspaces by using the inner product space. Thorugh this taper H denotes Hilbert Space. The purpose of this paper is to provide the Fundamental Concepts.

Keywords:

Hermitian subspace,Hermitian operator,spectrum,isolated eigen values,

Refference:

I. Arens.R, Operational calculus of linear relations, Pacific J. Math. 11 (1961)
9-23.
II. Bailey P.B, Everitt.W.N, Weidmann.J, Zettl.A Regular approximation of
singular Sturm-Liouville problems, Results Math. 23(1993) 3-22.
III. Behrndt.J, Hassi.S , de Snoo.H, Wietsma.R, Monotone convergence theorems
for semi-bounded operators and forms with application, Proc. Roy. Soc.
Edinburgh Sect. A 140 (2010) 927-951.
IV. Brown.M, Greenberg.L, Marletta.M, convergence of regular approximations
to the spectra of singular fourth-order sturm-liouville problems, Proc. Roy.
Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 128 (1998) 907-994.
V. Brown.B.M, Marletta.M , Spectral inclusion and spectral exactness for
singular non-self-adjoint Strum-Liouville problem, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser.
A 457 (2001) 117-139
VI. Brown.B.M, Marletta.M, Spectral inclusion and spectral exactness for
singular non-self- adjoint Hamiltonian systems, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A
459 (2003) 1987-2009.

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Abstract:

In general, the graphical properties are studied mainly to apply them for network and computing applications. To reach such a state, researchers in graph labeling discipline made rich contributions. In that line here existence of Lucky edge labeling of Fire cracker , Twig ,and Spider graphs has been established.

Keywords:

Lucky edge graph,Fire cracker graph,Twig graph,Spider graph,

Refference:

I. Gallian J.A. “A dynamic survey of graph labeling”. The electronic Journal of
Combinatorics, (2012) #DS6.
II. Jampachon , . Nakprasit and Poomsa-ard, “Graceful Labeling of some classes
of Spider Graphs with Three legs greater than one” Thai Journal of Mathematics
Volume 12 (2014) Number 3 : 621–630
III. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of triangular graphs”, International Journal of Mathematics Triends and
Technology, Vol. 36, No. 2, 2016.
IV. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of Pn, Cn and corona of Pn, Cn”, International Journal of Scientific and Innovative
Mathematical Research, 710—718, 2014.
V. Nellai Murugan, A. and Maria Irudhaya Aspin Chitra, R., “Lucky edge labeling
of some special graphs”, International Journal of Recent Research Aspects, April
2018.
VI. Ramya, M. and Meenakshi, S., “Labeling Techniques of some special graphs”,
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 116, 2017, 93102.
VII. Shalini Rajendra Babu A, Ramya N, Rangarajan K “On Lucky Edge
Labeling of Splitting Graphs and Snake Graphs” (IJITEE) Volume-8 Issue-5
March, 2019

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Abstract:

With rapid growth of population and avaricious attitude of industries and residents are generated huge amount of solid and E-wastages which causes an Environment and lands at high level. Due to these solid wastages, the health issues of people are uncontrolled and it become a big task to the government.. In this paper, we analyze the generation of solid wastages in and around Tamil nadu by using sampling techniques.

Keywords:

Chi-square test,solid wastages,sampling techniques,

Refference:

I. Agnihotri V.K (2011) ―E-Waste in India‖, Research Unit, Rajya
Sabha Secretariat,New Delhi
II. Ahmed ShafiulAzam and Ali Mansoor (2004) ―Partnership for Solid
Waste Management in developing countries: Linking theories to
realities‖, Habitat International, Vol.28,pp.467-479.
III. AjeetSaoji (2001) ―E-waste management: An emerging environmental
and health issue in India‖, National Journal of Medical Research, Vol.2,
Issue 1, January–March.
IV. Alexandra Skinneretal(2010)―The challenges of e-waste management
in India :can India draw lesson from the EU and the USA?‖, ASIEN
117,October.
V. Bhide A.D. and Sundaresan B.B. (2001) ―Solid Waste Management –
Collection, Processing and Disposal‖, Mudrashllpa Offset Printers.
Nagpur.
VI. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), (2012) ―Management of
Municipal Solid Waste‖,
Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi,India.
VII. Chabra (2003) ―Management Options of Municipal Solid Waste
(MSW) of Indian Cities‖,Management of Environmental Pollution,
Book Enclave, Jaipur, pp.160-169.
VIII Chandra Yadav Ishwarand Devi N.Linthoingambi(2009)―Studieson
Bilitewski B, Hardle G, Marek K, Weissbach A and Boeddicker H
(1997) ―waste management, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg,
Germany.
IX. Fricke, K. Santen H. and Bidlingmaier W (2001) ―Biotechnological
Process for Solving Waste Management problems in Economically
Less Developed Countries – Proceedings Sardini Eighth
International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, Cagriali,
Italy, .
X. Garg, Ankur. Kumar, Varun and Verma, Vaishav (2007) ―Public
Private Partnership for solid waste management in Delhi – A case
study‖, Proceedings of international conference on sustainable solid
waste management, September, Chennai. India. pp.552 – 559.
XI. Gerwig Kathy, Permanente Kaiser and Oakland (2001) ―Waste
management and healthcare‖ Setting Healthcare’s environmental
Agenda, conference proceeding, Publisher Health CareWithout
Harm,p.68.
XII. Jatin (1999) ―Project Report on Solid Waste Management at Trichy‖,
Kurukshetra. Vol.XII.

XIII. Jatin (1999) ―Project Report on Solid Waste Management at Trichy‖,
Kurukshetra. Vol.XII..
XIV. Jeffrey Stern, Douglass Southgate, an John Stramas, (1997)
―Improving Garbage Collection in Latin America’s Slums: Some
Lessons from Machala Ecuador‖, Resources, Conservation and
Recycling, Volume 20, Issue 3, July1997, pp.219-224.
XV. JoardarSouro D. (2000) ―Urban Residential Solid Waste Management
in India Issues Related to Institutional Arrangements‖ Public Works
Management & Policy, April, vol.4, pp.319-330.
XVI.. Lewis T Preston, Andrew Steer and Denis Anderson (1992) ―World
Development Report‖,Published by Oxford University Press, pp.53.60.
XVII.. Louisa Olds (2012) ―Curb your e-waste: why the UNITED State
should control its electronic waste exports‖, Cardozo Journal of
International and Comparative Law, June.

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Abstract:

A (p ,q)-graph G(V,E) is said to be square sum if their exist a bijection g: V→{0, 1, 2, …, p -1} such that the induced map g*: E→N defined by g*(xy) = [g(x)]2 +[g(y)]2 for every xyE is one to one. The H-graph H(r) = (V,E) is 3-reqular graph with V= {vi,j: i =1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, …,2r}and E = , 4 1  k k E where E1={𝑣􀯜,􀯝𝑣􀯜,􀯝􀬾􀬵 |i =1,3 & 1j 2r-1}, E2 ={𝑣􀬶,􀯝𝑣􀬶,􀯝􀬾􀬵|1j 2r-1 & j odd}, E3 = {𝑣􀬵,􀬵𝑣􀬵,􀬶􀯥,𝑣􀬷,􀬵𝑣􀬷,􀬶􀯥 }, E4={𝑣􀯜,􀯝𝑣􀯜􀬾􀬵,􀯝 |i=1,2 & 1j 2r}. Here we examine the square sum labeling of Cycle of Cycle graphs Ct(Cn) for t,n≥3 and H(r).

Keywords:

Square sum labeling,Cycle of Cycle graphs and H(r),

Refference:

I. Ajitha V., Arumugam S. and Germina K.A, “On square sum graphs”, AKCE
J. Graphs and Combinatorics, 6(1) pp.1-10, 2009.
II. Beineke.L.W. And S.M.Hegde, Discuss. Math. Graph Theory 21, 63, 2001.
III. Gallian, J.A. “A dynamic survey of graph labeling” The Electronic Journal of
Combinatorics, #DS6, 2017
IV. Germina.K.A and R.Sebastian “Further results on square sum graphs”
International
Mathematical Forum, Vol. 8 (1), pp. 47-57, 2013.
V. Harary F. “Graph theory” Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
VI. Kaneria V. J., Makadia H.M. , Jariya M.M., “Graceful Labeling for Cycle of
Graphs”,
International Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 6(2), pp. 173–178, 2014.
VII. Shiama .J, “Square sum labeling for some middle and total graphs”
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), Vol. 37(4),
January 2012.

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Abstract:

In this paper, we prove that the duplication of each vertex of a path by an edge, the duplication of a pendant vertex by an edge of CnʘK1, 2-tuple graph of K1,n , the switching of a pendant vertex in path admit square difference labeling(SDL).

Keywords:

Square difference graph,duplication,switching of vertex,2-tuple graph,

Refference:

I. Frank Harary, Graph
II. Gallian. J.A, A dynamic survey of graph labeling, The electronics journal of
Combinatories, 17 (2010) #DS6.
III. Rosa. A, On certain valuation of graph theory of graphs (Rome, July 1966),
Golden and Breach, N.Y and Paris (
IV. Shiama. J, “Square difference labeling for certain graph”, International Journal
of Computer Applications (0975
V. Shiama. J, “Square difference labeling of some path, fan and gear graphs”,
International Journal of
3, March 2013.
VI. Sugumaran. A and V. Mohan, “Difference Cordial Labeling of some special
graphs and related to fan graphs”, International journal for research in
Engineering Application and Management, ISS
March 2019.
VII. Vihol. P.L and P.H. Shah, “Difference cordial Labeling of 2
Some graphs”, International journal of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol
4, Issue 2-A(2016), 111
Advancement in Engineering, Science & Technology
No.-2, August (2019) pp
631
+1)
1
g*(ei) g*(ej), ei  ejE(G).
Square Difference Labeling for 𝑇􀬶􀵫𝐾􀬵,􀬸􀵯
some special graphs of cycle, path and tree
quare labeling.
theory, Narosa Publishing House, 2001.
, , 1967), 349355.
, 0975-08887), 44(4) (2012).
, Scientific and Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue
ISSN: 2454 – 9150, vol 4, Issue 12,
2–tuple graphs of
111-119.

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Abstract:

We have various properties of the finite integer distance graph and arithmetical sequences as distance set are presented. Here analogous the edge coloring and total coloring of integer distance graph and upper bound of choice number established. Integer distance graph relative to the choice number and total choice number, choice index and total choice index discussed and various connectivity questions are also investigated. It is well known that with every nonempty ordinary graph G there is associated a graph L(G), called the line graph of G such that the edge chromatic of G is equal to the vertex chromatic number of L(G). We find it convenient to associate with every ordinary graph G called the total

Keywords:

Euclidean space,Choice number,Integer distance graph,

Refference:

I. J.J. Chen, G.J. Chang, K.C. Huang, Integral distance graphs, J. Graph
Theory 25 (1997) 287-294.
II. M.Voigt, H. Walther, On the chromatic number of special distance
graphs, Discrete Math. 97 (1991) 395-397.
III. M.Voigt, On the chromatic number of distance graphs, J.Inform.
Process.Cybernet. EIK 28 (1992) 21-28.
IV. M.Voigt, H. Walther, On the chromatic number of special distance graphs,
Discrete Math. 97 (1991) 395-397.
V M.Voigt. Farbung von Distanzgraphen, Preprint, 1993.
VI R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring the real line, J.Combin.
Theory B39(1985)86-100.
VII R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring the real line, J.Combin.
Theory Ser.B39 (1985)86-100[Erratum:41(1986)139].
VIII R.B.Eggleton ,P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Update information to research
problem 77, Discretemath.69(1988)105.
IX R.B.Eggleton, P.Erdos, D.K.Skilton, Coloring prime distance
graphs,Graphs combinatorics 6(1990)17-32.
X W.A.Deuber,X.Zhu,The chromatic number of the distance graphs,
preprint,1995.

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