Special Issue No. – 1, March, 2019

Abstract:

The paper presents an overview of graphene electronic structure in light of a general concept of emergent phenomena that result from the quantum phase transition caused by continuous symmetry breaking. Spin symmetry breaking of graphene, provided by a drastic enhancement of pz odd electron correlation, is complemented with time symmetry breaking. Taking together, the two issues give a clear vision of emergent spin peculiarities of graphene chemistry and predictably point to occurrence of emergents related to graphene physics, such as ferromagnetism, superconductivity and topological non-triviality.

Keywords:

Dirac fermions,topological insulator,high temperature ferromagnetism,interfacial superconductivity,graphene, time inverse symmetry,

Refference:

I.Anderson P.W. (1972). More isdifferent.Science, 177: 393-396.

II.Bach V., Lieb E. H., Solovej J.P. (1994). Generalized Hartree-Fock theory and the Hubbard model, Journ. Stat. Phys., 76: 3-89.

III.Checkelsky J.G., Ye J., Onose Y., Iwasa Y., Tokura Y. (2012). Dirac-fermion–mediatedferromagnetism in a topological insulator.Nature Phys., 8: 729-733.

IV.CobasE.D., van ‟t ErveO.M.J., ChengS.-F., CulbertsonJ.C., JerniganG.G., BussmanK., JonkerB.T. (2016). Room-temperature spin filtering in metallic ferromagnet–multilayer graphene–ferromagnet junctions.ACS Nano, 10:10357–10365.

V.Coe J.P., Paterson M.J. (2016). Open-shell systems investigated with Monte Carlo configuration interaction. Int. J. Quant. Chem., 116:1772–1782.

VI.Cui Y., Bulik I.W., Jiménez-Hoyos C.A., Henderson T.M., Scuseria G.E. (2013). Proper and improper zero energy modes in Hartree-Fock theory and their relevance for symmetry breaking and restoration.J. Chem. Phys.139:154107.

VII.Di Bernardo A., Millo O., Barbone M., Alpern H., Kalcheim Y., Sassi U., Ott A.K., De Fazio D., Yoon D., Amado M., Ferrari A.C., Linder J., Robinson J.W.A. ((2017). p-Wave triggered superconductivity in single-layer graphene on an electron-doped oxide superconductor.Nat. Commun., 8: 14024.

VIII.Dreiser J., Pacchioni G.E., Donati F., Gragnaniello L., Cavallin A., Pedersen K.S., Bendix J., Delley B., Pivetta M., Rusponi S., Brune H. (2016). Out-of-plane alignment of Er(trensal) easy magnetization axes usinggraphene. ACS Nano, 10: 2887–2892.

IX.Enoki T., Kobayashi Y. (2005). Magnetic nanographite: an approach to molecular magnetism. J. Math. Chem., 15: 3999.

X.Gao X., Zhou Z., Zhao Y., Nagase S., Zhang S. B., Cheng Z.J. (2008). Comparative study of carbon and BN nanographenes: Ground electronic states and energy gap engineering.Phys. Chem. A,112: 12677.

XI.Hubač I., Čàrski P.(1983). Perturbation theory for open-shell systems: Simulation of the UHF states by means of the perturbed RHF wave functions.Int. J. Quant. Chem., 24:141-148.

XII.Katmis F., Lauter V., Nogueira F.S., Assaf B.A., Jamer M.E., Wei P.,Satpati B., Freeland J.W., Eremin I., Heiman D., Jarillo-Herrero P., Moodera J.S. (2016). A high-temperature ferromagnetic topological insulating phase by proximity XIII.coupling. Nature, 533: 513-516.

XIV.Khoo K.H., LeongW.S., ThongJ.T.L.,QuekS.Y. (2016).

XV.Origin of contact resistance at ferromagnetic metal–graphene interfaces. American Chemical SocietyNano, 10:11219–11227.

XVI.Kitagawa Y., Saito T., Nakanishi Y., Kataoka Y., Matsui T., Kawakami T., Okumura M., Yamaguchi K. (2009). Spin contamination error in optimized geometry of singlet carbene (1A1) by broken-symmetry method, J. Phys. Chem. A,113:15041–15046.

XVII.Laughlin R. B. (1999). Nobel lecture: Fractional quantization, Rev. Mod. Phys., 71: 863-874.

XVIII.Laughlin R. B., Pines D. (2000). The theory of everything, PNAS, 97: 28-31.

XIX.Löwdin P.-O. (1958). Correlation problem in many-electron quantum mechanics. 1. Review of different approaches and discussion of some current ideas, Adv. Chem. Phys., 2: 209-322.

XX.Liu Q., Liu C.-X., Xu C., Qi X.-L., Zhang S.-C. (2009).

XXI.Magnetic impurities on the surface of a topological

XXII.Insulator. Phys. Rev. Lett., 102: 156603.XXIII.Nai C.T.,Xu H.,Tan S.J.R.,Loh K.P. (2016). Analyzing

XXIV.Dirac cone and phonon dispersion in highly oriented nanocrystalline graphene. ACS Nano, 10: 1681–1689.

XXV.Ning G., Xu C., Hao L., Kazakova O., Fan Z., Wang H.,

XXVI.Wang K., Gao J., Qian W., Wei F. (2013). Ferromagnetism in nanomesh graphene.Carbon, 51: 390-396.

XXVII.Noodleman L. (1981). Valence bond description of antiferromagnetic coupling in transition metal dimmers.J. XXVIII.Chem. Phys., 74: 5737-5742.

XXIX.NovoselovK.S., Fal′koV.I., ColomboL., GellertP.R., SchwabM.G., KimK. (2012). A roadmap for Graphene.Nature, 490: 192-200.

XXX.Pavarini E., Koch E., Schollwöck U., eds. (2013) Emergent Phenomena in Correlated Matter . XXXI.Forschungszentrum Jülich and the German Research School for Simulation Sciences, Jülich.

XXXII.Sepioni M., Nair R.R., Rablen S., Narayanan J., Tuna F., Winpenny R., Geim A.K., Grigorieva I.V. (2010). Limits on

XXXIII.intrinsic magnetism in graphene, Phys. Rev. Lett., 105:

XXXIV.207205.

XXXV.Sheka E.F. (2011). Fullerenes: Nanochemistry, Nanomagnetism, Nanomedicine, Nanophotonics, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, London, New York.

XXXVI.Sheka E.F. (2015). Stretching and breaking of chemical bonds, correlation of electrons, and radical properties of covalent species. Adv.Quant.Chem.70: 111-161.

XXXVII.Sheka E.F. (2017). Spin Chemical Physics of Graphene.

XXXVIII.Pan Stanford: Singapore.

XXXIX.Sheka E.F. (2018). Dirac material graphene, Rev. Adv.

XL.Mater. Sci., 53: 1-28.

XLI.Tada K., Haruyama J., Yang H. X., Chshiev M., Matsui T., Fukuyama H. (2011). Ferromagnetism in hydrogenated graphene nanopore arrays, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107: 217203.

XLII.Van Fleck J.H. (1932). The Theory of Electric and

XLIII.Magnetic Susceptibilities. Oxford.

XLIV.Yannouleas C., and Landman U. (2007). Symmetry breaking and quantum correlations in finite systems: studies of quantum dots and ultra-cold Bose gases and related nuclear and chemical methods.Rep. Prog. Phys., 70:2067–2148.

XLV.Yazyev O.V. (2010). Emergence of magnetism in

XLVI.graphene materials and nanostructures. Rep. Prog. Phys.,

XLVII.73: 05650130.

XLVIII.Zheng D., Zhang G-M., Wu C. (2011). Particle-hole

XLIX.symmetry and interaction effects in the Kane-Mele-

L.Hubbard model.Phys. Rev. B, 84: 205121.

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Abstract:

One of the design solutions, saving materials and increasing strength and deformation characteristics of concrete, is the use of indirect reinforcement. The volume of research devoted this problem for bending elements in comparison with compressed elements, is rather low. The aim of the research work is to analyze the influence of the indirect reinforcement on strength and deformation characteristics of the reinforced concrete beams. The test results of three batches of the beams with indirect reinforcement of compressed area in form of cross-welding mesh are given in the research work. Each batch consisted of the sample without mesh and two samples with various coefficients of the indirect reinforcement of compressed area. The batches were different from each other by the area of longitudinal reinforcement. The pattern change from brittle to plastic destruction of the samples was identified in the results of research. In this case, the limit deformability increases considerably with saving the high residual bearing capacity. We noticed that the influence of the indirect reinforcement on the beams work depends on not only coefficient of indirect reinforcement but also the area of longitudinal reinforcement. We explain it by growth of large deformation in concrete of the compressed area in the limit condition and, therefore, more effective inclusion of the indirect reinforcement. The bending reduction is 7.2-14.4% for the samples with mesh, the increase of the bending moment, satisfying the beginning of the concrete destruction of the compressed area, is 11-33%.

Keywords:

Indirect reinforcement,Welding mesh,Plastic destruction,Deformability,Four-point bending,

Refference:

I.Attard M., Samani A.K. (2012). A stress–strain model for uniaxial and confined concrete under compression. Engineering Structures, 41: 335-349.II.Binici B. (2005). An analytical model for stress–strain behavior of confined concrete. Engineering Structures, 27: 1040–1051.

III.ChoiE., ParkS., ChoB., Hui, D. (2013). Lateral reinforcement of welded SMA rings for reinforced concrete columns. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 577S: 756-759.

IV.ChungH., Yang K., Lee Y., Eun H.. (2002). Stress–strain curve of laterally confined concrete. Engineering Structures. Engineering Structures, 24: 1153-1163.

V.Georgios G. and Lam D. (2004). Axial capacity of circular concrete-filled tube columns. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 60: 1049-1068.

VI.Hadi M., Elbasha N. (2008), Displacement Ductility of Helically Confined HSC Beams. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 2: 270-279.

VII.Kharun M., Nikolenko Y.V., Stashevskaya N.A., Koroteev D.D. (2017). Thermal Treatment of Self-Compacting Concrete in Cast-In Situ Construction. Key Engineering Materials, 753: 315-320.

VIII.Krishan A.L., Troshkina E.A., Chernyshova E.P. (2016). Efficient design of concrete filled steel tube columns. Procedia Engineering, 150: 1709-1714.

IX.Long Y., Cai J. (2013). Stress–strain relationship of concrete confined by rectangular steel tubes with binding bars. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 88: 1-14.X.Lu X., Hsu C. (2007). Stress–strain relations of high-strength concrete under triaxial compression. Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering, 19(3): 261-268.

XI.Nemecek J., Padevet P., Patzak B. and Bittnar Z. (2005). Effect of transversal reinforcement in normal and high strength concrete columns. Materials and Structures, 38: 665-671.

XII.Pessiki S., Graybeal B. (2000). Axial Load Tests of Concrete Compression Members with High Strength Spiral Reinforcement. PCI Journal, Mar-Apr: 64-80

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Abstract:

The comparative analysis of formation of canonical surfaces in a graphics editor AutoCAD and traditional classical course in descriptive geometry is offered in the present article. The terminology used in computer graphics and descriptive geometry is different. The source data (determinant) and the law of formation of the same surfaces are also significantly different. Some of the surfaces in the general case cannot be formed in AutoCAD. In modern courses of descriptive geometry and computer graphics it is necessary to carry out connection between methods of formation of surfaces in computer and traditional variant for better understanding of properties and structures of surfaces.

Keywords:

descriptive geometry,surface,computer graphics, AutoCAD,

Refference:

I.Aleksandrova E.P., Nosov K.G., Stolbova I.D. (2014). Geometric Modeling as a Tool to Improve the Quality of Graphic Training of Students. Open Education, 5: 20-27. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22316517

II.Aygunyan M.A. (2015). Methodological aspects of the «Descriptive Geometry» subject teaching. Bulletin of the RUDN University: Engineering Research, 3: 157-160. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24307502

III.Aygunyan M.A., Shevchenko D.V. (2017). New Educational Web Resources for the Engineering Course “Descriptive Geometry”. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9:437-446. Available online at: http://www.jfas.info/index.php/jfas/article/view/3340

IV.Knyazkov V.V., Fazlulin E.M. (2014). Geometrical modeling in SolidWorks. Journal of Moscow State Technical University MAMI, 5-1: 170-176. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22599557

V.Korygina O.M. (2015). Construction of tangentsplanes and normals to the rotation surfaces in the 3D modeling software Autodesk Inventor. Cloud of Science, 2-1:100-106. Available online at: https://cloudofscience.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/CoS_2_100.pdf

VI.Korygina O.M. (2016). Drawing the lines of intersection of second-order surfaces in Autodesk Inventor. Cloud of Science, 3-1:60-70. Available online at: https://cloudofscience.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/CoS_3_060.pdf?1

VII.Korygina O.M. (2017). Metric problems’ solution using the method of replacing projection planes in the computer-aided 3D modeling application Autodesk Inventor. Cloud of Science, 4-1:86-96. Available online at: https://cloudofscience.ru/sites/default/files/pdf/CoS_4_086.pdf

VIII.Lyashkov A.A., Volkov V.Y. (2014). Shaping surface the method of the geometric and computer modeling. Bulletin of the Siberian State Automobile-road University, 5: 86-92. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=22698340

IX.Nesterenko M., Strashnov S. (2017). Design Automation Based on Parametrization of Second Order Curves in CAD Software. V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, 11th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies 2017 20-22 September 2017, Moscow, Russia, 2017. Available online at: http://www.aict.info/2017/info/AICT2017-Conference-Program-DRAFT.pdf

X.Romanova V.A. (2012). Features of the image of process of formation of surfaces in AutoCAD system. Bulletin of the RUDN University: Construction mechanics of engineering structures, 4:3-5. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18078314

XI.Romanova V.A., Oskina G.N. (2011). Visualization of formation Kuns’s surface. Bulletin of the RUDN University: Engineering Research, 4:13-18. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17033849

XII.Romanova V.A., Oskina G.N. (2013). Electronic didactic materials for subject «formation of canonical surfaces». Bulletin of the RUDN University: Engineering Research, 2:19-24. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=19038334

XIII.Romanova V.A., Oskina G.N., Giloulbe Mathieu (2014). Visualization of revolving surfaces formation. Bulletin of the RUDN University: Engineering Research, 2:82-87. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21421966

XIV.Romanova V.A., ThomaA. (2016). Automatic modeling of the surface of the same slope in the elliptical plan in AutoCAD through theAutoLisp language. Bulletin of the RUDN University: Engineering Research, 4:48-53. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28341126

XV.Tel’noy V.I., Rychkova A.V. (2014). Application of three-dimensional simulation at lecturing on descriptivegeometry. Bulletin of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 5: 176-183. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21495104

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Abstract:

A new scheme of static surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) interferometer of the terahertz (THz) range is described. The interference pattern is formed due to interaction of two converging SPP beams that have run different distances. The original SPP beam is splitted and reflected by a flat beam splitter and a mirror disposed of the waveguiding surface and normally to it. By varying the distance spacing the splitter and the coupling element one can change the pattern period. Execution of the pattern enables one to determine both the real and imaginary part of the SPPs refractive index, which is uniquely related to the dielectric constant of the surface and the optical characteristics of its transition layer. The operating time of the interferometer is determined by the photodetector time constant, which is extremely important for studying fast processes on a conducting surface. The interferometer can work with broadband THz radiation sources (such as synchrotrons or pulsed lasers) as well.

Keywords:

surface plasmon polaritons,terahertz radiation,static interferometers,plasmon sensors, thin film spectroscopy,

Refference:

I.Agranovich V.M., and Mills D.L. (1982). Surface polaritons. Surface electro-magnetic waves at surfaces and interfaces. Amsterdam, N.-Y., Oxford.

II.Bogomolov G.D., Zhizhin G.N., Kiryanov A.P., Nikitin A.K., and Khitrov O.V. (2009). Determination of the refractive index of IR surface plasmons by static asymmetric interferometry. Bull. Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics, 73(4): 533-536.

III.Bogomolov G.D., Zhizhin G.N., Nikitin А.К., and Knyazev B.A. (2009). Geodesic elements to control terahertz surface plasmons. Nuclear Instrum. and Methods in Phys. Research (A), 603(1/2): 52-55.

IV.Dem’yanenko M.A., Esaev D.G., Marchishin I.V., Ovsyuk V.N., Fomin B.I., Knyazev B.A., and Gerasimov V.V. (2011). Application of uncooled microbolometer detector arrays for recording radiation of the terahertz spectral range. Optoelectronics, Instrumentationand Data Processing, 47(5):109–113.

V.Gan Q.Q., Gao Y., and Bartoli F.J. (2009). Vertical plasmonic Mach–Zehnder interferometer for optical sensing. Optics Express, 17(23):20747–20755.

VI.GerasimovV.V., KnyazevB.A., and Nikitin A.K. (2017). Reflection of terahertz monochromatic surface plasmon-polaritons by a flat mirror. Quantum Electronics, 47(1): 65–70.

VII.GerasimovV.V., Knyazev B.A., Lemzyakov A.G., and Nikitin A.K. (2016). Reflection of terahertz surface plasmons from plane mirrors and transparent

plates. Proc. of the 41-st Intern. Conf. on Infrared, Millim., and Terahertz Waves, IRMMW-THz. Paper H3D.2. Copenhagen, pp. 7758410-7758411. See also http://www.irmmw-thz2016.org/

VIII.GerasimovV.V., Knyazev B.A., Lemzyakov A.G., Nikitin A.K., and Zhizhin G.N. (2016). Growth of terahertz surface plasmon propagation length due to thin-layer dielectric coating. JOSA (B), 33(11): 2196-2203.

IX.KabashinA.V., Nikitin P.I. (1997).Interferometer based on a surface-plasmon resonance for sensor applications. Quant. Electronics, 27(7): 653–654.

X.MaierS.A. (2007). Plasmonics: Fundamentals & Applications. Springer Science+Business Media.

XI.Melentiev P.N., Kuzin A.A., Gritchenko A.S., Kalmykov A.S., Balykin V.I.(2017). Femtosecond plasmon interferometer. Optics Comm., 382: 509-513.

XII.MingY., WuZ.-J., WuH.; XuF.,LuY. (2012). Surface plasmon interferometer and its sensing applications. IEEE Photonics Journal, 4(1): 291-299.

XIII.NazarovM., Garet F., Armand D., Shkurinov A., and Coutaz J.-L. (2008). Surface plasmon THz waves on gratings. Comptes Rendus Physique, 9(2): 232-247.

XIV.NelsonS.G., JohnstonK.S., and YeeS.S. (1996). High sensitivity surface plasmon resonace sensor based on phase detection. Sensors and Actuators (B), 35–36:187–191.

XV.NikitinA.K. (2002). Plasmon optometry. Dr. Sci. Dissertation, Scientific & Technological Center for Unique Instrumentation of RAS, Moscow.

XVI.NikitinA.K., Tishchenko A.A. (1991). Phase SEW-microscopy. Techn. Phys. Lett., 17(11): 76-79.

XVII.StegemanG.I., Wallis R.F., and Maradudin A.A. (1983). Excitation of surface polaritons by end-fire coupling. Optics Letters, 8 (7): 386-388.

XVIII.TemnovV.V., Woggon U., Dintinger J., Devaux E., and EbbesenT.W. (2007). Surface plasmon interferometry: measuring group velocity of surface plasmons. Optics Lett., 32(10): 1235-1237.

XIX.ZhizhinG.N., Kiryanov A.P., Nikitin A.K., and Khitrov O.V. (2012). Dispersive Fourier-transform spectroscopy of surface plasmons in the infrared frequency range.Optics and Spectroscopy, 112(4): 545–550.

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Abstract:

Equation for spin 1/2 particle with two mass states is investigated in presence of magnetic field. The problem reduces to a system of 4 linked 2-nd order differential equations. After diagonalization of the mixing term, separate equations for four different functions are derived, in which the spectral parameters coincide with the roots of a 4-th order polynomial. Solutions are constructed in terms of confluent hyper-geometric functions; four series of energy spectrum are found. Numerical study of the spectra is performed. Physical energy levels for the two mass fermion differ from those for the ordinary Dirac fermion.

Keywords:

spin 1/2 particle,two mass parameters, external magnetic field,

Refference:

I.Bhabha H.J. (1952). An equation for a particle with two mass states and positive charge density. Philosophical Magazine Series 7, 43(336): 33–47. Available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14786440108520964

II.Capri A.Z.(1969). First order wave equations for multi-mass fermions. Il NuovoCimentoB, 64(1): 151–158. Available online: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02710288

III.Fedorov F.I. (1952). Generalized relativistic wave equations. Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (Доклады Академии наук СССР), 82(1): 37–40 (in Russian). Available online: https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=7781

IV.Gel’fand I.M., and Yaglom A.M. (1948). General relativistic invariant equations and infinitely dimensional representation of the Lorentz group. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики), 18(8): 703–733 (in Russian). Available online: https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=8682

V.Gel’fand I.M., and Yaglom A.M. (1948). Pauli theorem for general relativistic invariant waveequations. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики), 18(12): 1096–1104 (in Russian). Available online: https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=8682

VI.Gel’fand I.M., and Yaglom A.M. (1948). Charge conjugation for general relativistic invariant wave equations. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики), 18(12): 1105–1111 (in Russian). Available online: https://elibrary.ru/contents.asp?titleid=8682

VII.Kisel V.V., Pletyukhov V.A., Gilewsky V.V., OvsiyukE.M., Veko O.V., and Red’kov V.M. (2017). Spin 1/2 particle with two mass states. interaction with external fields. Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems, 20(4): 404–423. Available online: http://www.j-npcs.org/abstracts/vol2017/v20no4/v20no4p404.html

VIII.Kisel V.V.,OvsiyukE.M., Veko O.V., VoynovaYa.A.,Balan V., Red’kovV.M. (2018). Elementary Particles with Internal Structure in External Fields. Vol I. General Theory. Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA. Available online: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=63898

IX.Kisel V.V., Ovsiyuk E.M., Veko O.V., Voynova Ya.A., Balan V., Red’kovV.M. (2018). Elementary Particles with Internal Structure in External Fields. Vol II. Physical Problems.Nova Science Publishers, New York, USA.Available online: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=63900

X.Pletjukhov V.A., Red’kov V.M., and Strazhev V.I. (2015). Relativistic wave equations and intrinsic degrees of freedom (Релятивистские волновые уравнения и внутренние степени свободы). Publishing House “Belarusian Science”, Minsk, Belarus (in Russian).Available online: http://www.belnauka.by/component/mtree/knizhnye/978-985-08-1886-7.html?Itemid=

XI.Red’kov V.M. (2009). Fields in Riemannian space and the Lorentz group (Поля частиц в римановом пространстве и группа Лоренца). Publishing House “Belarusian Science”, Minsk, Belarus (in Russian).Available online: http://www.belnauka.by/component/mtree/realizovannye/polya-chastits-v-rimanovom-prostranstve-i-gruppa-lorentsa.html?Itemid=

XII.Shimazu H. (1956). A relativistic wave equation for a particle with two mass states of spin 1 and 0. Progressof Theoretical Physics, 16(4): 287–298.Available online: https://academic.oup.com/ptp/article/16/4/287/1847199

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Abstract:

On the basis of Maxwell's field theory and the finite element method, a generalized mathematical model and its software implementation have been developed that make it possible to study the "anatomy" of electromagnetic devices with adjustable inductivity and to determine correlations between their structural and circuit features and differential and integral characteristics. The space-time distribution of the magnetic field in typical designs of controlled reactors with a pulsating and rotating field and their characteristics are determined, design solutions for devices optimization are adopted. The results for a three-phase saturable reactor are presented.

Keywords:

Saturating Reactor,Magnetic Field,Finite Element Method,Mathematical Model,

Refference:

I.Alexandrov G., (2002).Fast controllable reactor of transformer type 420 kV, 50 MVA commissioned in Electrichestvo, vol. 3.

II.Belyaev A., Evdokunin G.A., (2009) et al. Rationale for application of shunt compensation devices for transit transmission 500 kV in Electrichestvo, vol.2,

III.Bengtsson C., Gajic Z., Khorami M., (2012) Dynamic Compensation of Reactive Power by Variable Shunt Reactors: Control Strategies and Algorithms. Paper C1-303, CIGRE 2012.

IV.Bryantsev A., (2003) Power Reactors Controlled by Bias Magnetization –as an element of the electroenergy system in Russian Electrical Engineering, vol. 1.

V.Bryantsev A., Makletsova E.E. and others, (2003). Shunting Reactors Controlled By Bias Magnetization For (35-500)-Kv Grids in Russian Electrical Engineering, vol. 74, No 1, pp. 4-12.

VI.Dolgopolo A., (2014). Controlled shunt reactors. The principle of operation, construction, relay protection and automation. Energy, Moscow,120p.

VII.Dolgopolov A., Sokolov S.E., (2012) Controlled reactors. Technology review in Electrical Engineering News, vol. 75, No3.

VIII.Zabudsky E.I., (1999). Analysis of controlled electrical power devices by the finite element method, MGAU, Moscow, 141 p.

IX.Zabudsky E., (2015). Modeling and Analysis of Electromagnetic Modes of Electric Power Devices. In Information Technologies & Knowledge, Vol. 9, Number 1, ITHEA, Sofia (Bulgaria), pp.80-99.

X.Zabudsky E.I., ErmurakiYu.V., et al., (1992). Three-phase saturable reactor. Ac./1781711 USSR, 15.12.92, BI No 46.

XI.ZabudskyE.I., ErmurakiYu.V., et al., (1991). Three-phase static ferromagnetic frequency treasure. Ac./1663721 USSR, 15.07.91, BI No. 26.

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Abstract:

The article presents the results of analysis of pressure fluctuations in a pipe in which the maximum amplitude of the pressure decreases due to the introduction of pipeline sections with low speed of propagation of pressure waves.

Keywords:

hydraulic schemes,pressure fluctuations, the speed of sound,

Refference:

I.Ganiev R.F, Nizamov H.N, Derbukov E.I. (1996). Wave Stabilization and Prevention of Accidents in Pipe-Lines, Moscow: Izd-vo MGTU.

II.Korobkin A.A. (2013). A linearized model of water exit, J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 737, p. 733 –742.

III.Rekach F.V. (2010). An analysis of vibrations in circular cylindrical shells with pressure stabilizer by a method of characteristics. J. Structural Mechan-ics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings, 1,: 60-65.

IV.Rekach F.V., Shambina S.L. and Sinichenko E.K. (2017). Influence of pres-sure stabilizer perforation area on character of unsteady fluid motion in hy-draulic systems. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robot-ics Research, 6 (4): 269-271.

V.Shterenliht D.V. (2004). Hydraulics. Moscow: KoloS.

VI.Young WR, WolfeC.L. (2014). Generation of surface waves by shear-flow instability. J. Fluid Mechanics, 739: 276 –307.

VII.ZhukovskyN.E. (1949). On Water Hammer in Water Pipes, M.-L.: Goste-hizdat.

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Abstract:

The adsorption of methyl violet was studied by flake chitosan (commercial grade) as an adsorbent. Batch studies were operated to test the effect of initial concentration on the adsorption of methyl violet. The adsorption isotherms were studied in range of 13.1 – 117.6 mg/L of methyl violet. It was found that the adsorption capacity was increased by increasing of adsorbate from 20.1 – 127.2 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir isotherm was found to fit for methyl violet adsorption onto flake chitosan. Operating line from Langmuir isotherm can be applied for industrial wastewater very well.

Keywords:

Adsorption,Methyl violet,Flake chitosan,Isotherm,

Refference:

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Abstract:

The paper considers one of the most difficult problems of determining the de-sign schemes for architectural designs. The analysis of existing methods of compiling calculation schemes is carried out depending on the composition of structural ele-ments, the material of the structure and its configuration. The criteria for the corre-spondence of the design scheme of the real structure and its elements are revealed. The results of the study make it possible to conclude that the criterion of conformity is introduced by the quantitative index for the mass of the structure and its elements. It is proposed to introduce the mass of the structure or its elements as the main set pa-rameter for determining the calculation system in the stretching or compression zone.

Keywords:

Calculation Schemes,Structural Elements,Mass Of The Structure,Ten-sions,

Refference:

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Abstract:

The thermal data of onset temperature, peak temperature and enthalpy of reaction of hydrogen peroxide at 35% w/w was tested by differential scanning calorimetry. The increasing of heating rate in the range of 2-8 °C/min increases the onset temperature from 76.9-84.0 °C, respectively. The activation energy of hydrogen peroxide was 57.6kJ/mol. The adiabatic decomposition temperature rise and time-to-maximum rate were 231.7 K and 32.3 sec, respectively. The thermal hazard potentials were estimated by the critical half thickness, the critical temperature and the time-to-thermal-runaway. The result confirmed that hydrogen peroxide is highly oxidizing hazardous material. Thus using in laboratory and industry must be act carefully.

Keywords:

Risk assessment,Thermal hazard potential,Hydrogen peroxide, DSC,

Refference:

I.ASTM (2011). ASTM E698-11, Standard test method for Arrhenius kinetic constants for thermally unstable materials using differential scanning calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa method. American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials, West Conshohocken.

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