Special Issue No. – 1, March, 2019

Abstract:

We study the processes typical for liquids under the influence of powerful impulses of electric current. The maximum temperature and pressure arising in cavitation bubbles at such processes are calculated. To this aim, the main equation of cavitation (Rayleigh - Plisset's equation) is solved numerically. The maximum amplitudes of fluctuations of temperature and pressure in a cavity are calculated during a collapse. The analysis of the process shows the existence of the extreme value of pressure above which the cavitation is not observed. Before the limiting pressure being achieved, the cavity increases several times, collapses and comes back to the initial radius, oscillating near it. The increasing of the maximum value of the bubble radius yields, therefore, the increasing of the extreme values of temperature and pressure in a bubble at a collapse. It is established that the maximum amplitude of a bubble during spark cavitation can reach values of the order 200. This fact gives the evidence of large local pressure and temperature in the cavity at the time of a collapse. These temperature and pressure have been calculated in this work. The main conclusion is made that in a liquid metal's phase the intensive cavitation, with local increasing temperature and pressure in a cavity, is possible. Therefore, the process in question can initiate reactions of nuclear fusion in a liquid metal's phase.

Keywords:

Spark Cavitation ,Rayleigh's Equation,Cavity,

Refference:

I.Martynyuk M.M. (1999). Phase transitions at pulse heating.RUDNUniversity,Moscow.

II.TaleyarkhanR.P., WestC.D., ChoJ.S., Lahey R.T.Jr., NigmatulinR.I. et al.(2002). BlockEvidence for Nuclear Emissions During Acoustic Cavitation.Science. 8(295): 1868-1873.

III.Takahashi A.(1993). Cold Fusion Research: Present Research. V. 19: 179-185.

IV.Martynyuk M.M.(1980). Radio technician and electronic engineer. 1: 157.

V.Bulls S. P., Litvinov U.A., Month G.A., Proskurovsky D.I.(1975). UFN. 115(1): 101.

VI.Klimkin I.F., Ponomarenko V.V.(1979). Journal of technical physics. 49(9): 1893.

VII.Martynyuk M.M., Kravchenko N.Yu.(1998).Limit of thermodynamic stability of a liquid phase in the field of negative pressure. Journal of physical chemistry. 72(6): 998-1001.

VIII.Martynyuk M.M., Tamanga P.A., Kravchenko N.Yu.(2002). The chart of conditions of the titan in the field of phase transition liquid –steam. RUDNBulletin. Series “‘Physics”‘. 10(1): 5–8.

IX.Martynyuk M.M., Kravchenko N.Yu.(2003). Nuclear fusion reaction in metaphase substance in the process of electrical explosion. Applied Physics. 1: 79.

X.Furthis G.N., Zhukov V.M., Baskin L.M.(1984). Issue silnotochnyelectronics.Edition. Month G.A. –Novosibirsk: Science:24.

XI.Martynyuk M.M., Kravchenko N.Yu. (2000). Reaktsii yadernogo sinteza v mezofaznom vechsestve v processe electricheskogo vzriva. Prikladnayafizika. 1: 79 –90.

XII.Tamanga P.A., Martynyuk M.M., Kravchenko N.Yu.(2001).Spinodal of a liquid phase on the generalized Bertelo’s equation. Messenger of RUDN. Series: Mathematics, informatics, physics. 9: 56 –58.

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Abstract:

The use of variational methods for the construction of sufficiently accurate approximate solutions of a given system requires the existence of the correspondent variational principle - a solution of the inverse problem of the calculus of variations. In the frame of the Euler’s functionals there may not exist variational principles. But if we extend the class of functionals then it could allow to get the variational formulations of the given problems. There naturally arises the problem of the constructive determination of the corresponding functionals – in general non-classical Hamiltonian actions – and their applications for the search of approximate solutions of the given boundary value problems. Its solution may not be unique. In particular, there can exists a bi-variational system, i.e. generated by two different Hamiltonian actions. The main aim of the paper is to present a scheme for the construction of indirect variational formulations for given evolutionary problems and to demonstrate the effective use of the non-classical Hamiltonian actions for the construction of approximate solutions with the high accuracy for the given dissipative problem. In the paper there are used notions and methods of nonlinear functional analysis and of modern calculus of variations.

Keywords:

Bi-Variationality,Potentiality ,Hamiltonian Action,Dissipative Systems,Approximate solutions,

Refference:

I.Budochkina S., Savchin V.(2012).On direct variational formulations for second order evolutionary equations. Eurasian Mathematical Journal, 3(4):23–34.

II.Budotchkina S., Savchin V.(2007).On indirect variational formulations for operatorequations. Journalof Function Spaces and Applications, 5(3): 231–242.

III.Filippov V., Savchin V., Shorokhov S. (1994). Variational principles for non-potential operators.Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 68(3): 275–398.

IV.Mikhlin S. (1971).Numerical performance of variational methods. Wolters-Noordhoff publishing,Groningen, the Netherlands.

V.Morse P., Feshbach H. (1953).Methods of Theoretical Physics. McGraw-Hill Book Company INC, New York, Toronto, London.

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Abstract:

The accumulation of photo-sensitizer (PS) mainly in tumor cells (TC) is a necessary condition for the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The purpose of this work is the modeling of the accumulation kinetics of anionic PS in TC differing in energy metabolism and trans-membrane potentials (TMP). The kinetic model (KM) including a system of linear differential equations describing the accumulation of PS in some model system based on Nernst theory, is suggested. This system consists of four parallel-sequential compartments separated by permeable membranes with different electric field gradients. These potentials include negative plasma and the mitochondrial TMP as well as energy-dependent positive TMP of the nuclear membranes. The model in question accounts for the phenomenon of reduction of plasma and mitochondrial TMP in TC due to their more rapid division in comparison with normal cells. The KM is constructed for TC of tumor areas sites under hypoxic or oxygen conditions. We conclude that the accumulation kinetics of anionic PS (chlorin E6) in the tumor cells mainly depends on the relationship between the transfer rate constants through their plasma and mitochondrial membranes, these constants being functions of TMP.

Keywords:

Photodynamic Therapy,Kinetic Model,Photo-Sensitizers-Anions,Tumor Cells,Trans-Membrane Potential,

Refference:

I.Allison RR, Sibata CH. (2010). Oncologic photodynamic therapy photo-sensitizers: a clinical review.Photo-diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy,7: 61–75.

II.Araujo R. P., McElwain D. L. S. (2004). A History of the Study of Solid Tumor Growth: The Contribution of Mathematical Modeling. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 66: 1039–1091.

III.Askarova K. Z., Morozova, G. I., Anoshin, A. A. (2016) Prediction of the efficiencyof PDT on the basis of kinetic model of the distribution of photo-sensitizer in the cells of malignant tumors with different levels of trans-membrane potentials.Mathematics. Computer. Education. Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium. Section: Biophysics of complex biological systems,Joint Institute for NuclearResearch, Dubna, January, p.92.See also URL http://www.mce.su

IV.Astanin S. A., Kolobov A.V., Lobanov A. I., Pimenova T. P., Polezhaev A. A., Solyanik G. I. (2008). Influence of spatial heterogeneity of the medium on tumorgrowth and invasion. Analysis by methods of mathematical modeling. Medicine in the Mirror of Computer Science. Moscow, p.p.188-223.

V.Borisov V.A., Guseva O. A., Grigoryan S. S., (2009). The use of selective chrono-phototherapyimmunity, the head and neck: features of cellular immunity, Journal of Oncosurgery, 1(2): 86.

VI.Byrne H. M., King J. R., McElwain D. L. S., Preziosi L. (2003). Atwo-phase model of solid tumor growth.Applied Mathematics Letters, 16: 567–573.

VII.Castano A.P, Demidova T.N, Hamblin M.R. (2005). Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part three: photo-sensitizer pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution, tumor localization and modes of tumor destruction.Photo-diagnosisandPhotodynamic Therapy,2: 91–106.

VIII.Chin W. W., Heng P.W., Bhuvaneswari R, Lau W.K., Olivo M. (2006). The potential application of chlorinE6-polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation in photodynamic therapy.Photochemical & Photo-biological Sciences,5:1031–1037.

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Abstract:

The discharge curve Q=f (H) is a complex characteristic of run-of-river mode, which takes into consideration both: peculiar properties of the river bed and peculiar properties of the riverbed-forming activity. The discharge curve Q=f (H) is on the one hand the basis for the transition from levels to discharges and calculation with the help of them of all flow characteristics, on the other hand a kind of integral characteristic of the river channel mode. This article deals with the actual issue of constructing a curve, establishing relation between discharges and levels for shots of rivers when there aren`t or there are few hydrological field observations. The article analyses the peculiarities of the hydrological and run-of-river mode of Russian rivers and are defined the generalized characteristics for construction of discharge curves. The relation of the generalized indicator αF/αM with the type of river channel regime is established.

Keywords:

Discharge Curve ,Run-Of-River Mode,Riverbed-Forming Process ,

Refference:

I.Rzhanitsyn N.A. (1960). Morphological and hydrological patterns of river network structure.Publishing House “Gidrometeoizdat”, Leningrad, USSR.Available online at: https://www.twirpx.com/look/37152/

II.Rzhanitsyn N.A. (1985). River bed forming processes of rivers. Publishing House “Gidrometeoizdat”, Leningrad, USSR. Available online at: http://urss.ru/cgibin/db.pl?lang=Ru&blang=ru&page=Book&id=106878

III.Sinichenko E.K. (2003). Extrapolation of the relationship curve of costs and levels Q = f (H). Vestnik of thePeoples’ Friendship University of Russia,2:62-66. Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9911911

IV.Tarbeyeva A.M.,ChalovR.S.(2009). Characteristics ofchannelprocessesin brooks and the smallest plain rivers. Geography and Natural Resources,30(4):388-392.Available online at:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1875372809000896

V.Saleh Yousefi, Somayeh Mirzaee, Saskia Keesstra, Nicola Surian, Hamid Reza Pourghasemi, Hamid Reza Zakizadehf, Sahar Tabibian (2018). Effects of an extreme flood on river morphology (case study: Karoon River, Iran). Geomorphology, 304: 30-39.

VI.P. Cienciala,G.B. Pasternack (2017). Floodplain inundation response to climate, valleyform, and flow regulation on a gravel-bedriverin a Mediterranean-climate region. Geomorphology,282: 1-17.

VII.Oliver T. Coomes, Michel Lapointe, Michael Templeton, Geneva List (2016). Amazon river flow regime and flood recessional agriculture: Flood stage reversals and risk of annual crop loss. Journal of Hydrology, 539: 214-222.

VIII.Cuan Petheram,Thomas A McMahon,Murray C Peel (2008). Flow characteristics ofriversin northern Australia: Implications for development. Journal of Hydrology,357(1–2):93-111.

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Abstract:

The article presents researches of the thinking activity of project schematization. Often, work on the project is done without understanding the problem. The solution appears accidentally and unconsciously. The quality of the result depends on the algorithm of conscious plans. Techniques of thought schematization allow us to more consciously approach design. This technique has been tested in design practice by three project teams. We investigated the technique of schematization of thought on five educational projects. The research was carried out in three project groups using the example of training projects. The results of the research showed the best effectiveness in the group, which conducted a reflexive analysis and worked with the technique of the schematization described in the article. The results of the group that worked on this technique were better than the rest. One of the basic concepts is reflexive analysis, which allows both identifying and mastering the actualization of the design process. The group that made the reflexive analysis also showed better results. This is part of the methodology of schematization, which is described in the article. The algorithm of thought activity and the actualization of the techniques of schematization in project thinking are disclosed.

Keywords:

Scheme,Schematization,Project Thinking, Reflection,

Refference:

I.GraaflandAd. (2000). The Socius of Architecture: Amsterdam, Tokyo, New York / Arie Graafland. 010 Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

II.Anisimov O.S. (2009). Methodology of safety. RAMiAPublishers. Moscow, Russia.

III.Bernstein R.J. (1967). John Dewey. Washingtone square press, New York, USA.

IV.Bogin G.I. (1986). Typology of understanding the text.KGU Publishers. Kalinin, Russia.Available online at: http://linguistics-online.narod.ru/index/0-240

V.Bouryak A.P. (1998).Architecture and methodological movement(Архитектура и методологическое движение). Traditions and Innovations in Higher Architectural and Artistic Education(Традиціїтановаціїувищійархітектурно-художнійосвіті), 23 (3): 32-35. Available online at: http://www.alexander-bouryak.com/page-pub.html

VI.Charles Jencks, (1987). Post-Modernism and Electric Continuity. Rizzoli Publishers, New York, USA.

VII.Erofalov B.L. (2002) Post-Soviet city(Постсоветскийгород). NIITIAG Publishers. Tolyatti, Russia.

VIII.Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. (1999). Atlas on psychology-information and methodical manual on the course of human psychology (Атласпопсихологии; информационно-методическоепособиепокурсупсихологиячеловека). The Pedagogical Society of Russia (Педагогическое общество России), Moscow, Russia. Available online at:https://studfiles.net/preview/1843321/

IX.Kotarbinsky T.(1975). Treatise on Good Work (Traktat o dobrej robocie). Prague, Czech Republic, Available online at: https://ru.scribd.com/document/293431892/prof-TADEUSZ-KOTARBIN-SKI-Traktat-o-dobrej-robocie

X.Partlett W. (2004).Breaching Cultural Worlds with the Village School: Educational Visions, Local Initiative, and Rural Experience at S.T. Shatsky’s Kaluga School System, 1919-1931. Proquest Academic Research Library Publishers, USA,vol 82, chapter 4,pp. 847-885.Available online at: https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Stanislav%20Shatsky

XI.Polat E.S. (2000).New information technologies in the education system.Education Publishers. Moscow, Russia

XII.Rappaport. A.G. (1987). Architecture and ontology. Available online at: http://papardes.blogspot.ru/2011/11/1985.html

XIII.Schedrovitsky G.P. (1971).Configuration as a method of construction of complex knowledge. Systematics,8(4).Available online at: http://www.fondgp.ru/gp/biblio/eng/3

XIV.Schedrovitsky G.P. (1986). Schemesofthoughtactivity(Схемы мыследеятельности –системно-структурное строение, смысл и содержаниe). System research (Cистемные исследования). Moscow, Russia.Available online at: http://www.fondgp.ru/gp/biblio/rus/57

XV.Tietz J.,Hoffman W., MeuserP.(1999).The Story of Architecture of the 20thcentury. Konemann Publisher,Konemann, Germany.

XVI.Wiseman, Carter (2007). Louis I. Kahn: Beyond Time and Style: A Life in Architecture. W.W. Norton Publishers,New York, US.Available online at: https://books.google.ru/books/about/Louis_I_Kahn.html?id=WLGNrcU8VJYC&redir_esc=y

XVII.Zinchenko A.P. (2016).Technology of system thinking: Experience in applying and translating technologies of system thinking(Технологиясистемногомышления: Опытпримененияитрансляциитехнологийсистемногомышления). Alpina Publisher, Moscow, Russia.

XVIII.Zinchenko A.P. (1944). The technology of schematization in the SMD methodology. Centaur Publishers,Moscow, Russia. Available online at: http://priss-laboratory.net.ru/T.E.X.T.S.-/epistem_1993_2-5_zinchenko.htm

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Abstract:

The article discusses particularities of the development of design education in modern Russia. The necessity of interrelation between classical art and design, academic art and engineering education, traditional craft and applied art was identified and represented by variety of opinions of Russian and foreign researchers. It shows the evolution of opinions on the methods of formation a creative vision in the process of professional training of future designers. Article contains a detailed analysis of the history of educational activities and creative concepts of innovative design trends and activities. It shows the specific place and role of art universities, as well as the contribution of individual masters in the development of modern design education. Today in Russia, the graduate preparation of designers is determined by the federal state standard, but the alternative system of design education on the basis of non-state private educational institutions is becoming more competitive. The results of the analysis show that the formation of a creative vision in the process of professional training of future designers implies the multidimensionality and unity of design education.

Keywords:

design history,design education,russian design,professional competency,professional training,

Refference:

I.GenisaretskyO.I.(1987).Project culture and conceptualism.Collection ofscientific works of VNIITE(«Vserossiyskiy nauchno-issledovatel’skiy institut tekhnicheskoy estetiki» All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Technical Aesthetics),Vol.52.pp.1-6.Available online at: http://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/expertize/2006/2682

II.Glazychev V. (2006).Design as it is. V Europe, Moscow, RF.Available online at: http://globalteka.ru/books/doc_view/14100——–2–.raw?tmpl=component

III.History of the Stroganov Academy.(2018).Available online at: https://mghpu.ru/historyKhan-Magomedov S.O. (1996).Architecture of the Soviet avant-garde: In 2 books: Book one. Form formation problems. Masters and currents. Stroyizdat, Moscow, RF.Available online at: http://www.alyoshin.ru/Files/publika/khan_archi/khan_archi_1_000.html

IV.Khan-MagomedovS.O. (1995).The pioneers of Soviet design.Galart,Moscow, RF.Available online at: http://books.totalarch.com/node/3923

V.Lossky, O.N. (1991). History of Russian philosophy.trans. from English.Soviet writer, Moscow, RF. p. 274. ISBN 5-265-02255-4; Available online at: http://krotov.info/lib_sec/12_l/los/lossk_n_00.htm

VI.Semper G. (1970).Practicalaesthetics.Publishing house “Art”,Moscow, RF.Available online at: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01007089370

VII.SlasteninV.A.,Isaev I.F.; Shiyanov E.N. (2002).Pedagogy: Textbook for students of Supreme Pedagogy Training Institutions. Publishing Center “Academy”,Moscow, RF. Available online at: http://pedlib.ru/Books/1/0075

VIII.SolovievaA.V. (2008).The aesthetic upbringing of an individuality by means of the design education.Pedagogy of art. Publisher: Institute of Art Education and Culturology RAO, Moscow, RF. 4:32-41.Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11689730

IX.SolovievaA.V. (2010).Formation of professional competence of future designers in non-state universities.PhD in Ped.scThesis. Moscow, RF.Available onlineat: http://nauka-pedagogika.com/pedagogika-13-00-08

X.Talashkino. The estate of Princess Maria Tenisheva.Available online at: http://www.vse-strani-mira.ru/world-art/russian-art/488-talashkino.html

XI.Tenisheva M.K. (1933).Impressions of my life.Paris. The Russian Historical and Genealogical Society in France.Available online at: http://az.lib.ru/t/tenishewa_m_k/text_0010.shtml

XII.TkachenkoE.V.; Kozhuhovskaya, S.M. (2004).Design education. Theory, practice, development trajectory. “Aqua-press”.Ekaterinburg, RF.pp.5-8.Available online at: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25972164

XIII.VoronovN.V. (2002).The Russian design.Moscow, RF.Izd. Union of Designers of Russia. Available online at: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01000853392

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Abstract:

The subject of the article is to consider the importance of academic education which played a key role in the history of architecture and fine arts. Academic traditions based on the ancient classics as the perfect art which during the XVIII and XIX centuries developed stable norms and paragons, and found the reflection in the concept of a modern architectural and sculptural image. The article considers historical factors, the situation of the postmodern epoch contributing to the concentration of artists efforts to reflect the key themes and images, namely, a man, his place in the universe. As before, a person and the spiritualized world of phenomena and objects get an interpretation in the new graphic aspects, techniques and methods of the younger generation masters works.

Keywords:

architectural image,plastic, principles of imitation, pattern classic,

Refference:

I.The Academy of Arts. The Board. Official order to the class Inspector P.A. Cherkasov on academic issues. 29 September 1868.23 June 1885. // The Manuscripts Department of the NLR. F.726, е.х.439. P.37.

II.The Academy of Arts. Materials on the elaboration of the Charters of the Academy of Arts. // The Manuscripts Department of the NLR. F.796, е.х.433 P.305. Available online at: http://nlr.ru/manuscripts/fondy/o-fonde

III.The Academy of Arts. Admission Regulations of the Imperial Academy of Arts. // II.

IV.The Manuscripts Department of the NLR. F.781, е.х.42. 1893 P.3. Available online at: http://nlr.ru/manuscripts/fondy/o-fonde

V.The Academy of Arts. Regulations for pensioners of the Academy of Arts, approved by the President. March 19, 1885 // The Manuscript Department of the NLR. F.781, е.х.44. P.2. Available online at: http://nlr.ru/manuscripts/fondy/o-fonde

VI.The Academy of Arts. Materials on the Elaboration of the Charters of the Academy of Arts. The Manuscripts Department of the NLR. F.796, е.х.433 P.188. Available online at: http://nlr.ru/manuscripts/fondy/o-

VII.The collection of materials from the history of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Arts for a hundred years of its existence. / Ed. Petrov P.P. S-Petersburg.: 1864.-P.157, 158. Available online at:http://static.my-shop.ru/product/pdf/89/881207.pdf

VIII.Gavrilova E. I. On the First Drafts of the Academy of Arts in Russia. Op. cit. P.224. Available online at: http://www.artprojekt.ru/library/rus18/st007.html

IX.Gavrilova E.I. On the First Drafts of the Academy of Arts in Russia // Russian Art XVIII -first half of the XIX century. Materials and research. M., 1971. P.224. Available online at: http://www.artprojekt.ru/library/rus18/st007.html

X.Daniel Sergey. What is postmodernism? //Resheniye. No. 14, 2006, p. 34, 35. Available online at: https://art1.ru/2013/06/27/bespredmetnoe-iskusstvoznanie-16831

XI.Dianova V. M. Post-modernist Philosophy of Art: the Origins and Modernity. Petersburg, 1999. -P. 206. Available online at: http://window.edu.ru/resource/425/66425/files/d_phpm.pdf

XII.Pomerants G. The Era under the Sign of a Game // Resheniye No. 14, 2006, p.6. Available online at: http://www.gazetaprotestant.ru/2007/01/epoha-pod-znakom-igry/

XIII.Russian and Western European Art of XIII-XX Centuries from the Collection of the Scientific Research Museum of the Russian Academy of Arts. Exhibition Catalogue. M.,2002 Russian Academy of Arts. P.9.Available online at: http://www.nimrah.ru/museum//

XIV.Yuon K.F. On Arts. Vol.1. M, 1959. P.84. Available online at: http://www.libex.ru/detail/book492904.html

XV.Yakimovich Z. A. The Position of the Researcher and Artistic Thinking in the XX century // Dekorativnoye Iskusstvo. –1982.-No. 4. -P. 38. Available online at: http://mironovacolor.org/theory/literature/

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Abstract:

The efficient design of valves for the water supply system requires knowledge of the parameters and regularity of change in the hydraulic characteristics of the locking pair. The article contains the results of a study of regularity of change in the hydraulic characteristics of the locking element in the form of a "curved drop" for plumbing fittings. The numerical values and the patterns of change in the hydraulic characteristics of liquid outflow through the hole in the form of a "curved drop", made in a thin wall defined. The patterns of change in water discharge identified, and the comparison of characteristics for different bore shape. The ability to adjustment the flow of water depends on the shape of through hole. The values and regularity of change in the hydraulic characteristics of the locking element in the form of a " curved drop" for water reinforcement obtained on the basis of theoretical and experimental studies. The results of the study are of interest in the theoretical and practical aspects for the design and manufacture of valves for water supply. The results of theoretical and experimental studies show that the form of "a curved drop" for plumbing fittings allows to have a linear change in water consumption depending on the opening tap. The coefficients allow us to design the plumbing fittings valve type with a high regulating capacity. The use of the locking element with a hole in the shape of a "curved drop" allows to reduce the loss of tap water of drinking quality. Water savings for the house for three persons is 12-15% compared to valves of other types. The study is in the continuation.

Keywords:

Water fittings,Valve,Water flow (discharge),,Closure member -disc pair,Hydraulic characteristic,

Refference:

I.Al’tshul’, A.D. (1982). Hydraulic resistance. Publishing House “Nedra”,Moscow, Russia.

II.Barringer, M., Thole, K.A., Krishnan, V., Landrum, E. (2013). Manufacturing Influences on Pressure Losses of Channel Fed Holes. J. Turbomachinery,136(5):051012-051012-10.doi: 10.1115/1.4025226

III.Deo, R. (2013). Comparative Analysis of Turbulent Plane Jets from a SharpEdged Orifice, a Beveled-Edge Orifice and a Radially Contoured Nozzle. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index 84, Int. J. Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 7(12): 2584-2593.Available online at:http://waset.org/publications/9996967

IV.Dey, S. (2014). Fluvial Hydrodynamics: Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Phenomena. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

V.Fominykh, A.V., Il’inyh, E.A., Chinjaev, I.R., Poshivalov, E.A. (2016). The determination of hydraulic and cavitating characteristics of the cell valve. Vestnik Kurganskoj gosudarstvennoj sel’skohozjajstvennoj akademii im. T.S. Mal’ceva (Lesnikovo), 1(17): 71-75.

VI.Ghahremanian, S., Svensson, K., Tummers, M.J., Moshfegh, B. (2014). Hear-field mixing of jets issuing from an array of roundnozzles. Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, 47: 84-100.Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.01.007

VII.Hashid, M., Hussain, A., Ahmad, Z. (2015). Discharge characteristics of lateral circular intakes in open channel flow. FlowMeasurementand Instrumentation,46(A): 87-92.Available online at:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.10.005

VIII.Hussain, A., Ahmad, Z., Asawa, G.L. (2010). Dischargecharacteristics of sharp-crested circular side orifices in open channels. FlowMeasurementand Instrumentation, 21(3): 418-424.Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2010.06.005

IX.Hussain, A., Ahmad, Z., Ojha, C.S.P. (2014). Analysis of flow through lateral rectangular orifices in open channels. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation,36:32-35.Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2014.02.002

X. Hussain, A., Ahmad, Z., Ojha, C.S.P. (2016). Flow through lateral circular orifice under free and submerged flow conditions. FlowMeasurementand Instrumentation,52: 57-66.Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.09.007

XI.Kondrat’ev, A.S. (2010). Leaking of Liquid form Outer Cylinder Nozzles. Vestnik Moskovskogo gorodskogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Serija: Estestvennye nauki,2:14-20.

XII.Kulichkova, E.A. (2016). Reducing pulse vibration of valves under transient conditions. Vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. Ajerokosmicheskaja tehnika, tehnologii i mashinostroenie, 15(2): 145-151.

XIII.Kuznecov, V.S., Shablovskij, A.S., Jaroc, V.V. (2014). The influence of facets within the inlet edge of cylindrical probe on the discharge coefficient. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta im. N.Je. Baumana. Serija: Mashinostroenie,5(98):46-52.

XIV.Ljutikova, M.N. (2012). Model of influence of crack-like defects appreciation on strength and hydraulic characteristics of a pipeline. Avtomatizacija, telemehanizacija i svjaz’ v neftjanoj promyshlennosti, 2: 38-40.

XV.Pil’gunov, V.N.& Efremova, K.D. (2015). Features of the Viscous Fluids Effluent through non-round shape edge orifices. Nauka i obrazovanie: nauchnoe izdanie MGTU im. N. Je. Baumana, 2: 1-23.

XVI.Posohin, V.N., Ziganshin, A.M., Batalova, A.V. (2012). To defintion of pressure loss coefficients of disturbing elements in pipeline systems. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo, 9(645): 108-112.

XVII.Posohin, V.N., Ziganshin, A.M., Varsegova, E.V. (2016). Calculation of minor losses. Report 1. Izvestija vysshih uchebnyh zavedenij. Stroitel’stvo, 4(688): 66-73.

XVIII.Saha, R., Mamaev, B.I., Fridh, J., Laumert, B., Fransson, T.H. (2014). Influence of Prehistory and Leading Edge Contouring on Aero Performance of a Three-Dimensional Nozzle Guide Vane. J. Turbomachinery, 136(7):071014-071014-10. doi: 10.1115/1.4026076

XIX.Svintsov, A.P., Harun, M.I., Mukarzel’, S.A. (2015). Valve head for water fittings with high regulatory capacity. Magazine of Civil Engineering,6(58):8-18. DOI: 10.5862/MCE.58.2

XX.Svintsov, A.P., Mukarzel, S.A., Kharun, M. (2016). Method of Determining the Orifice Area of Valve Head Locking Pairs of Water Fittings. J. Urban Environ. Engng,10(1):57-61.DOI:10.4090/juee.2016.v10n1.057061

XXI.Zvyagincev, V.V. (2016). Optimization of the internal sizes of connecting elements of pressure pipelines according to hydraulic characteristics. Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta tekhnologij i upravleniya (Ulan-Udeh), 1: 11-14

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Abstract:

The geometrical approach due to Gibbs in the equilibrium phenomenological, or Clausius, thermodynamics (CTD) is generalized for the statistical case (STD), which is naturally stipulated by the stochastic nature of the thermal contact between the TD-object and the external surrounding (thermostat). To this end the probabilistic measure p is introduced into the affine space of finite-dimensional space of basic TD-variables, which is parametrized by means of the intensive variables of the thermostat. For the case of strongly additive extensive TD-variables the measure p possess the exponential, or canonical Gibbs form. The ordinary Clausius TD-variables are then Gibbs TD-variables averaged with the measure p and of primary interest are the relevant spontaneous fluctuations; in particular, they determine the accuracy of Zeroth Law of TD fulfillment.

Keywords:

Gibbs theory,Fisher−Rao−Cramer theorem ,Information theory ,

Refference:

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II. Amari S.-I. (1982). Ann. Stat.,10(2): 357-385.

III. Amari S.-I., Differential Geometrical Method in Statistics. Lecture Notes Statistics, 28, Springer, Berlin, 1985.

IV. Bogoliubov N.N., Tyablikov S.V. (1959).Sov. Phys.Doklady,126:53-56

V. Chentsov N.N. (1966). Theory of Probabilityand Appl.,11: 425-435.

VI. Dynkin E.B. (1961). Selected Transl. Math. Stat. Prob. (I.M.S.), 23-40. VII. Falk H., Bruch L.W. (1969). Phys. Rev.,180: 442-444.

VIII. Gibbs J.W. (1902). Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics.Scribner&Sons, N.Y.Gilmore R.(1985). Phys. Rev.,A 31: 3237-323

IX. Greene R.F., CallenH.B. (1951).Phys. Reiew,83:1231-1235.

X. Hasegawa H., Petz D. (1995, 1997). Non-Commutative Extension of Information Geometry, I, II; InQuantum Communications, Computingand Measurement,ed. ByH. Hirota etal., Plenum Press,N.Y.

XI. Helstrom C.W. (1976). Quantum Detection andEstimation Theory. Acad. Press, N.Y.

XII. Holevo A.S. (1982). Probabilistic and Statistical Aspects of QuantumTheory. North-Holland, Amsterdam

XIII. Ingarden R., Sato Y., Sugawa S.,Kawaguchi M. (1979). Tensor, N.S. 33:348-353.

XIV. Jeffreys H. (1962). Theory of Probability. 3rded., Clarendon Press, Oxford.

XV. Koopman B.O. (1936). Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.,39: 399-409.XVI Lavenda B. (1991). Statistical Physics: Probabilistic Approach, John Wiley, N.Y.

XVII. Luttinger J.M. (1966). Suppl. of the Prog. of Theor. Phys.(in honour of Prof. S. Tomonaga 60thbirthday), 37-38: 35-45.

XVIII. Mandelbrot B. (1956). IRE Trans. Information Theory. IT-2: 190-203.

XIX. Mandelbrot B. (1962).Ann. Stat.,33:1021-1038. Mandelbrot B.(1964).J. Math. Phys. 5: 164-171.

XX. Morozova E.A., Chentsov N.N. (1990).Markov Invariant Geometry on State Manifold(in Russian), Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, 36: 69-102, VINITY, MoscowMünster A. (1990). Statistische Thermodynamik, Springer, Berlin.

XXI. Petrov N., Brankov J. (1986). The Modern Problems of Thermodynamics(in Russian), Mir, Moscow.

XXII. Petz D., Toth G. (1993). Lett. in Math. Phys.,27: 205-216.

XXIII. Petz D. (1996). Lin.Algebra and Appl.,244:81-96. Pittman E.J.G. (1936). Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc.,32: 567-579.XXIV. Rudoy Yu. G., Sukhanov A.D. (2000). Physics–Uspekhi,43: 1169-1199.

XXV. Rudoy Yu. G., Sukhanov A.D.(2005).Cond. Matter Physics,8: 507-535.

XXVI. Schlögl F. (1985).Z. Phys.,B.59: 449-456.XVIII. Streater R.F. (2000). In Proc. of the Steklov Institute of Math.,Moscow. 228: 205-223.

XXIX. Sukhanov A.D. (2006). Theor. Math. Phys.,139: 129-137, 2004; 148: 295-308.

XXX. Sukhanov A.D. (2005). Elementary Particles and Atomic Nuclei, 36: 183-195.

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Abstract:

Some refinements to the values of magnetic critical points are proposed in order to improve the applicability universal molecular field approximation (MFA) which usually describes the equilibrium, or static, part in the non-equilibrium equations of magnetization dynamics. We show the results for the Curie and some other critical points calculated within the random phase approximation (RPA) for anisotropic Heisenberg models.

Keywords:

magnetic friction, critical point,

Refference:

I. Atxitia U., Hinzke D., and Nowak U. (2017). Fundamentals and applications of the Landau-Lifshitz-Bloch equation. J. Phys.,D 50: 033003, 1-23.

II. Chubykalo-Fesenko O., Nowak U., Chantrell R. W. and Garanin D. (2006).

III. Dynamic approach for micro-magnetics close to the Curie temperatures. Phys. Rev.,B 74: 094436, 1-5.

IV. Garanin D. A. and Lutovinov V. S. (1986). An equation of state of the Heisenberg ferromagnet. J. Physique 47: 767-772.

V. Kotelnikova O.A., Morozov V.G. and Rudoy Yu.G. Magnetic friction: towards the microscopic statistical description. Report on the MISM -2017. Journal of Magnetism and Magn. Mat.(in press, 2018).

VI. RudoyYu.G.(1970). Bogoliubov’sstatistical variationalprinciple and the Green function method applied to the Heisenberg –Ising model. Theoreticaland Math. Phys. 2: 98-112.

VII. RudoyYu.G., Tserkovnikov Yu.A. (1975). Single-particle Green’sfunction inthe anisotropic Heisenberg model. IV. Spectrum andphase transitions inthepresence oftransverse field. Theoreticaland Mathematical Physics, 25: 1073-1084.

VIII. Zubarev D.N., Morozov V.G., Roepke G. (1996) Statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium processes, Vols. 1 and 2. Akademie-Wiley VCH, Berlin.

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Abstract:

This paper looked into the effectiveness of refined basalt in the Nigerian civil and structural engineering world. Current technology has been in search in the development of new type of composites which are made to measure the required conditions. A general problem of new types of structures made from high performance materials is their behavior in certain specific conditions and situations. Temperature in Nigeria keeps increasing every season. The specific gravity, tensile strength, elastic modulus, rupture strain and melting point of basalt materials are the properties in consideration for the use of the basalt material listed below in use. This increase in temperature has been an issue of concern to scientists and engineers. This concern brought about the use of basalt made materials in the construction of utilities and buildings. Basalt which is a natural resource with the ability to contain high and low temperature was looked into in this paper. The three basalt formations discussed in this paper out of other formations found in Nigeria are: Bachit Basalt Rock Formation, Kahwang Rock Formation and Ikom Columnar Basalt. Basalt fiber wool, rebar, sandwich panels, roving and roofing sheet are the basalt materials discussed in this paper for proper utilization in the Nigerian structural construction.

Keywords:

basalt rock,refined basalt,high performance material,basalt for construction,

Refference:

I.Abashidze G.S., Marquis F.D.S., and Chikhradze N.M. (2007). Basalt reinforced plastics: Some operating properties. Materials Science Forum,561-565:671-674.

II.ACI Committee 440. (2008). Specification for Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement (ACI 440.6M-08). American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI48331,U.S.A.

III.Arul K.M., and Abdul B.J. (2015). Flexural Behaviour of Polymer Modified Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete. International Journal on Applications in Civil and Enviornmental Engineering, 3(1): 1-5.

IV.ASTMD4475. (2008). Standard Test Method for Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Pultruded Reinforced Plastic Rods by the Short Beam Method, American Society for Testing and Materials, Conshohocken, USA.

V.Bachit Basalt Formation, Plateau State, Nigeria.http://ng.geoview.info/bachit_basalt_formation_plateau_state_nigeria,105523182p

VI.Banibayat P. and Patnaik A. (2014). Variability of mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer bars manufactured by wet-layup method. Materials and Design, 56: 898-906.

VII.Basalt Rebar Manufacturer, KODIAK Fiberglass Rebar/ GFRP (E-CR Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer). BASALT REBAR. https://www.fiberglassrebar.us/basalt-rebar/

VIII.Beeson, P.W. (1976). Composition and origin of basaltic magma. Geochimica etCosmochimica. Acta, 7: 77-107.

IX.Benmokrane B., El-Salakawy E., El-Ragaby A. and El-Gamal, S. (2007). Performance Evaluation of Innovative Concrete Bridge Deck Slabs Reinforced with Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars. Can J. of Civ. Eng., 34(3): 298-310.

X.Benmokrane B., El-Salakawy E., El-Ragaby A. and Lackey T. (2006). Designing and Testing of Concrete Bridge Decks Reinforced with Glass FRP Bars. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 11(2): 217-229.

XI.Dhand V., Mittal G., Rhee K.Y., Park S., and Hui D. (2015). A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 73: 166-180.

XII.Efosa U., Oden M.I., Ukwang E.E, and EduE.S. (2016). Structural Geometry of Ikom Columnar Basalt in the Ikom –Mamfe Basin, Southeastern Nigeria.Journal of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences,1(1): 22-29.

XIII.Ekwueme B.N. (1993). An Easy Approach to Igneous Petrology. University of Calabar Press, Nigeria.

XIV.El-Nafaty J.M. (2015). Geology and petrography of the rocks around Gulani area, northeastern Nigeria. Journal of Geology and Mining Research, 7 (5): 41–57.

XV.Eythór R.T., and Jonas T.S. (2015). Basalt Fibers as composite material for structural elements.COST Action TU1207, Lecce, Italy.

XVI.Jiang C., Fan K., Wu F., and Chen D. (2014). Experimental study on the mechanical properties and microstructure of chopped basalt fiber reinforced concrete. Materials and Design, 58: 187-193.

XVII.Jogl M., Reiterman P., Holˇcapek O., and Kot’átková J. (2015). Effects of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced aluminous composites.Applied Mechanics and Materials, 732: 111-114.

XVIII.Kangkolo R.(2002). Aeromagnetic study of the Mamfe basalt of south western Cameroon. Journal of the Cameroon Academy of Sciences, 2 (3): 173-180.

XIXKantha L.H. (1981). Basalt-fingers. Origin of columnar joints. Geol. Mag., 118: 251-264.

XX.Keer, R.P. (1977). Volcanoes of the Biu Plateau, Nigeria. University of Calabar Press, Nigeria.Kim S., and Park C. (2016). Flexural Behavior of High-Volume Steel Fiber Cementitious Composite Externally Reinforced with Basalt FRP Sheet.Journal of Engineering,2016: 1-9.

XXI.Kogbe C. (1976). The Cretaceous and Palaeogenesediments of southern Nigeria. Geology of Nigeria, 1: 273–282.

XXII.Krassowska J., and Lapko A. (2012). The influence of basalt fibers on the shear and flexural capacity of reinforced concrete continuous beams.Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 68(7): 789-795.

XXIII.Landucci G., Rossi F., Nicolella C., and Zanelli S. (2009). Design and testing of innovative materials for passive fire protection.Fire Safety Journal, 44(8): 1103-1109.

XXIV.Ma Y., Sugahara T., Yang Y. and Hamada H. (2015). A study on the energy absorption properties of carbon/aramid fiber filament winding composite tube. Composite Structures, 123: 301-311.

XXV.Mateo M., Pérez-Carrami ̃ nana C., and Chinchón S. (2013). Varieties of asbestos in buildings and risks associated with the work of deconstruction. Informes de la Construccion, 531(65): 311-324.

XXVI.Mehta P.K, and Monteiro P.J. (2006). Concrete: Microstructure, Properties, and Materials.McGraw-Hill Companies, Incorporated, United States of America.

XXVII.Ntekim E.E. and Adekeye. (2003). JID. Petrography and geochemistry of basaltic rocks from the north-central part of Yola Basin, N.E. Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Science, (18): 1430–1437.

XXVIII.Oden M.I., Umagu C.I., and Udinmwen E. (2016). The use of jointing to infer deformation episodes and relative ages of minor Cretaceous intrusives in the western part of Ikom –Mamfe basin, southeastern Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Science, 121: 316-329.

XXIX.Oden, M.I., Egeh, E.U and Amah, E.A. (2015). The Ikom –Mamfe basin Nigeria: A study of fracture and mineral vein lineament trends and Cretaceous deformations. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 101:35-41.

XXX.Ogezi A.E, Aga T., and Okafor I. (2010). Geotourism Resources for Sustainable Development and Recreation: Plateau State Case Study. The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology,11(2): 610-616.

XXXI.Pakharenko V.V., Yanchar I., Pakharenko V.A., Efanova V.V. (2008). Polymer composite materials with fibrous and disperse basalt fillers.Fibre Chemistry,40: 56-67.

XXXII.Panjasawatawong Y., and Yaowannoiyothin W. (1993). Petrochemical study of post-Triassicbasalts from the Nan suture, northem Thailand. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 1-4(8):147-158.

XXXIII.Saravanan D. (2006). Spinning the Rocks -Basalt Fibres.Journal of the Institution of Engineers India, 86: 39-45.

XXXIV.Sim J., Park C., and Moon D.Y. (2005). Characteristics of basalt fiber as a strengthening material for concretestructures, Composites Part B: Engineering, 6-7(36): 504-512.

XXXV.Singh O.P., Ranjan D., Srinivasan J., and Sreenivas K.R. (2011). A study of basalt fingers using experiments and numerical simulations in double-diffusive systems. Journal of Geography and Geology, 2 (1): 42-49.

XXXVI.Slivka V., and Vavro M. (1996). The significance of textural and structural properties of north-moravian basaltoids for the manufacture of mineral fibres.Ceramics, 40(4): 149-159.

XXXVII.Sosman R.B. (1916). Types of prismatic structures in igneous rocks. Journal Geology, 24: 215-234.

XXXVIII.Subramanian, R.V., Tang, T.J.Y., Austin, H.F. (1977). Reinforcement of Polymers By Basalt Fibers. Structural design with FRP materials, Composite for Construction, John Willey and Sons Ltd.

XXXIX.Thorhallsson, Eythor, Jón Ó., Erlendsson and Ögmundur E. (2013). Basalt fiber introduction. Reykjavik University & Iceland GeoSurvey, 1-5. Turner, D.C. (1978). Volcanoes of the Biu Basalt Plateau Northeastern Nigeria. J. Min. Geol., 15(2): 49-63.

XXXX.Umaru, A. (1982). Basalts of Parts of Biu Plateau. University of Calabar Press, North-Eastern, Nigeria.

XXXXI.Urbanskia M., Lapkob A. GarbaczA. (2013), Investigation on Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Rebars as an Effective Alternativeof Conventional R/C Structure. Procedia Engineering, 57(2): 1183-1191.

XXXXII.Vikas G., and Sudheer M. (2017). A Review on Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites. American Journal of Materials Science, 7(5): 156-165.

XXXXIII.VilleneuveN., Neuville D., Boivin P., Baccheery P., and Richet P. (2008). Magma crystallization and viscosity: the study of molten basalts from the Piton de la Fournaise. Chemical Geology, 3-4(256): 242-251.

XXXXIV.Vincent, P., Ahmed, E., and Benmokrane, B. (2013). Characterization of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Reinforcing Bars for Concrete Structures. Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, Montreal, Canada.

XXXXV.Wiik, Marianne K., Eythor T., Kamal A. (2017). A mechanical and environmental assessment and comparison of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebar and steel rebar in concrete beams. Energy Procedia, 111: 31-40.

XXXXVI.Williams and Steven E. (2015). FRP, Rebar in Slabs on Grade Benefit from Low Modulus of Elasticity. http://neuvokascorp.com

XXXXVII.Wu Z., Wang X., and WuG. (2011). Advancement of basalt fiber composites towards infrastructural. XiamenUniversity, China.

XXXXVIII.Yoder H., and Tilley C. (2016). Origin of basalt Magmas: An experimental study of natural and synthetic rock systems.Journal of Petrology,3: 342-532

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Abstract:

This work explores the ways that brought the development of Latin American architecture to the highest extent of morphologic complexity. Understanding the evolution of forms and fusion of different traditions we can research the possibility of the progress of classical forms and ways of further possible development of the architecture and culture overall. An objective of this work is to prove that the formation of the Latin American Baroque was not an accidental combination of influences but a conscious elaboration of a universal architectural concept enabling convergence of East and West and confluence of the most various cultures in one unity. The main emphasis is put on the correspondence between the processes happening in Latin American and in Russia featuring the Eurasianist principles of cultural formation in both cases. The similar circumstances that induced the generation of progressive architecture are investigated in order to figure out the universal formation principles applicable to any kind of architectural innovation.

Keywords:

Baroque architecture,Latin America,Churrigueresque,Mineiro Baroque,

Refference:

I.Baird, J. A. (1962) The Churches of Mexico 1530-1810. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA.

II.Cohen, P. (2008).Was there an Amerindian Atlantic? Reflections on the limits of a historio graphical concept, History of European Ideas, 34 (4):388-410.

III.Cruz, S. I. V. (2014). Mestizaje in Colonial Mexican Art. In Stefanie Wickstrom. University of Arizona Press, AZ, USA.

IV.Fernández-Morera, D. (1985). Europe and its encounter with the Amerindians: An introduction.History of European Ideas, 6(4): 379-383.

V.Galvan, M. G. (1961). Modalidades del barroco mexicano. Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Esteticas, 8 (30). Mexico, DF.

VI.Herz, M.(2013).Art and Handicrafts Talavera Poblana.Inside Mexico, Culture & Tradition.https://www.inside-mexico.com/mexican-folk-art-talavera-poblana

/VII.De la Maza, F.(1969).El Churrigueresco en la Ciudad de Mexico. Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico, DF.

VIII.Menocal, M.R.(2002). The Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of Tolerance in Medieval Spain. Little Brown& Co, Boston, USA.

IX.Moffitt, J. F. (2004). The Islamic Design Module in Latin America: Proportionality and the Techniques of Neo-Mudejar Architecture. McFarland, Jefferson, USA.

X.Rubenstein, R. (2003). Aristotle’s Children: How Christians, Muslims, and Jews Rediscovered Ancient Wisdom and Illuminated the Middle Ages. Harcourt Bracer, Orlando, USA.

XI.Torres, M. D.(2013). Military Ethos and Visual Culture in Post-conquest Mexico. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK.

XII.Villa, J. M. (1949) Lo mexicano en las artes plasticas. S. L. Fondo de cultura economica Espana, Mexico, DF.

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Abstract:

This article discusses the problems of reconstruction and integration of historical monuments of industrial architecture and production facilities apart from the monuments. The problem of preservation and utilization of industrial projects, their integration into the urban environment is particularly acute in modern cities not only of Russia but of the whole world. Simultaneously, the changes in the social, political, and economic spheres of society occurring in the last decades mean a necessity to develop new positions in understanding of the effectiveness and appropriateness of the use of all that huge building, scientific-technical, technological and cultural potential, created in the period of formation and development of industrial companies. Increasingly there is a tendency of growth of any consideration of the production facility from the point of view of not only material but also social and aesthetic values. The article provides examples of both Russian and foreign practices of preservation and integration of industrial facilities explaining in details how this problem is solved in the course of experimental design by students of Russian architectural universities.

Keywords:

Integration,Humanization,Industrial Architecture,Social-Cultural Problems,Reconstruction of Industrial Heritage,

Refference:

I.Anisimov A. V. (2015) «Neopoznannye» obiekty arhitektury. [“Unidentified” objects of architecture.] Academia. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo, 4: 32 -42. https://archi.ru/lib/book.html?id=2146113528

II.Artjomov E. T., Postnikov S. P. (1994) Industrial’noe nasledie kak faktor aktualizacii istoricheskoj pamjati [Industrial heritage as a factor of actualization of historical memory] Sohranenie industrial’nogo nasledija: mirovoj opyt i rossijskie problemy. Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii TICCIH. Ekaterinburg IIA URO RAN: 195 –199.https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=28375258

III.Voronina N. V. (2006) Formirovanie promishlennogo raiyona v ust’e Nevi / Istoriko-kul’turnie aspekti [The formation of the industrial area at the mouth of the Neva river. / Historical and cultural aspects] PhD. Thesis, St. Petersburg, Russia.http://www.dissercat.com/content/formirovanie-promyshlennogo-raiona-v-uste-nevy-istoriko-kulturnye-aspekty

IV.Grigorjan G. G. (1997) Rossija i Zapadnaja Evropa: vzaimodejstvie industrial’nyh kul’tur 1700 –1950 [Russia and West Europe: interaction of industrial cultures, 1700 –1950″]Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii. –Ekaterinburg: Bank kul’turnoj informacii, Ekaterinburg: 137 -138.https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25473747

V.Dubnov A. P. (1994) Industrial’nost’ i kul’tura v XXI veke. Problemy konvergencii [Industrial and culture in the twenty-first century. Problems of convergence] Sohranenie industrial’nogonasledija: mirovoj opyt i rossijskie problemy. Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii TICCIH. Ekaterinburg IIA URO RAN: 261 -262.http://i.uran.ru/nasledie/content/sohranenie-industrialnogo-naslediya-mirovoy-opyt-i-rossiyskie-problemy

VI.Koval’chenko I. D. (2003) Metodi istoricheskogo issledovaniia [Methods of historical research], Nauka, Moscow, Russia.http://aik-sng.ru/node/273

VII.Morozov V.J. (2014) Tendencii razvitija promyshlennogo pivovarenija v Rossii v 1880–1890-h godah. [Trends in the development of industrial brewing in Russia in 1880-1890-ies.] Nauchno-metodicheskij jelektronnyj zhurnal “KONCEPT”, 3: 76-80. URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2014/14068.htm. -03.2016.

VIII.Snitko A.V. (2011) Primery razvitija arhitekturnoj sredy istoricheskih promyshlennyh predprijatij. [Examples of the development of the architectural environment of historical industrial enterprises.] Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo, 1: 11 -13.http://www.pgs1923.ru/russian/rindex.htm

IX.Snitko A.V. (2015) Istoricheskaja evoljucija sistemy celevyh ustanovok arhitekturnogo formirovanija proizvodstvennyh zdanij (na primere promyshlennyh predprijatij central’noj rossii). [Historical evolution of the system targets the architectural formation of industrial buildings (for example, industrial enterprises in the Central Russia).] Academia. Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo, 1: 57 -60.http://www.raasn.ru/public/academia_2015_1.pdf

X.Titova L.O. (2015) Arhitekturnoe osveshhenie dorevoljucionnyh fabrik v Moskve. [Architectural lighting of factories in pre-revolutionary Moscow.] Arhitektura i stroitel’stvo Rossii, 10: 38 -40.http://www.asrmag.ru/arch/240/

XI.Titova L.O. (2016) Ocenka kriteriev cennosti promyshlennogo nasledija. [ Evaluation criteria the values of industrial heritage]Fundamentnye i prikladnye nauki segodnja. Materialy VII mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii, Create Space: 1 –3.https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25082214

XII.Shtiglic M. S. (2010) V otsutstvii gorodskoj strategii. [In the absence of a city strategy.] Arhitektura restavracija dizajn i stroitel’stvo,4(47), 8-1. http://www.d-c.spb.ru/archiv/47/3.html

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Abstract:

Wastewater from water softening stations contains a large amount of calcium and magnesium salts. The results of studies aimed at using these waters as natural solutions of calcium and magnesium ions in the processes of reagent purification of other categories of wastewater are presented. The conditions for the formation of sparingly soluble calcium and magnesium compounds during their alkali treatment using potentiometric titration were studied. According to the results of potentiometric titration of solutions of magnesium and calcium salts with alkali, the ranges of the active reaction of the medium are established, corresponding to the formation of pre-cipitates in the form of hydroxides for magnesium and calcium. The potentiometric titration curves have sufficient selectivity for the quantitative evaluation of the com-pounds formed with acceptable accuracy. It is established that the interaction of pollu-tants of real sewage with freshly formed precipitation of calcium and magnesium hy-droxides occurs according to the adsorption mechanism. Data on the sorption proper-ties of calcium and magnesium hydroxide precipitation in relation to pollutants of textile enterprises are presented. The greatest efficiency of water purification is achieved by solid dispersed impurities absorbed by hydroxides at the time of structure formation and by dyes. The extraction of hydrocarbons, such as petroleum products and surfactants, does not exceed 40%.

Keywords:

water softening,wastewater,Ca and Mg salts, sediment formation, purifi-cation,

Refference:

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Abstract:

One of the most important ways to increase the thermal and energy efficiency of buildings is to improve their thermal insulation. Thermal insulation of external walls is relevant not only for climatic conditions with a cold period of the year, but also for climatic regions with increased heat input into the premises. At present, the insulation of external walls with placing of cladding on some distance from the wall (ventilated facades) is increasingly used to improve the thermal efficiency of the enclosing structures of buildings intended for various purposes. Using of thermal insulation of external walls with placing of cladding on some distance from the wall allows to get significant reduction of energy costs not only for heating buildings in winter, but also for their cooling during the summer period of the year. It is most expedient to check the effectiveness of thermal insulation with the use of thermal imaging equipment. This allows us to obtain actual data on the thermal radiation of the enclosing structures. As part of thermal imaging survey of the building’s facade is determined the heat-and-energy efficiency of the made insulation of the enclosing structures was determined. Also areas with increased thermal radiation due to the poor quality of the heat-insulation works were identified. As a result of the thermal imaging survey, the assessment of the thermal energy efficiency of the insulation with placing of cladding on some distance from the wall was made, and areas with increased thermal radiation were identified.

Keywords:

thermal radiation, heat losses,insulation,thermal insulation,enclosing structures,

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