Archive

Abstract:

The laminar fluid flow of water through the annulus duct was investigated numerically by ANSYS fluent version 15.0 with height (2.5, 5, 7.5) cm and constant length (L=60cm). With constant heat flux applied to the outer duct. The heat flux at the range (500,1000,1500,2000) w/m² and Reynolds number values were ≤ 2300. The problem was 2-D investigated. Results revealed that Nusselt number decrease and the wall temperature increase with the increase of heat flux. Also, the average Nusselt number increase as Re increases. And as the height of the annulus increase, the values of the temperature and the local and average Nusselt number increase.

Keywords:

Forced convection,Laminar flow,annulus ducts, developing flow,entrance region,

Refference:

I. Ahmed F. Khudhereyer, Ali Jawad Obaid and Mazin Y. Abdul-Kareem ,”An Experimental study of mixed convection heat transfer in an inclined rectangular duct exposed to uniform heat flux from upper surface”, International Journal of Scintific & Engineering Research Vol. 4, Issue 2, ISSN 2229-5518. February2013.
II. Akeel A., Mustafa A. M., “Combined convection heat transfer at the entrance region of horizontal semicircular duct”. International Journal of engineering and applied Sciences.Vol.5, 2394-3661, January 2018.

III. Asish Mitra, : NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON LAMINAR FREE-CONVECTION FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OVER A VERTICAL PLATE WITH CONSTANT HEAT FLUX, J. Mech.Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-10, No.-2, January (2016) Pages 1487-1499
IV. Cotta, R. M., Ozisik,M. N., “Laminar forced convection to non-newtonian fluids in ducts with prescribed wall heat-flux”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 13, No.3, 325, 1986.
V. Daotong Ch., Jiping L., Junjie Y, “Experimental investigation of mixed convection in a rectangular duct with a heated plate in the middle of cross section” International Journal in Heat and Mass Transfer.43(12):1238-1291.October 2007. DOI:10.1007/s00231-006-0214-7
VI. Emery, A. F., Neighbors, P. K. and Gessner, F. B., “The Numerical Prediction of Developing Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in Square Duct”, Trans. ASME, Vol.102, PP. 51-57, 1980.
VII. Etemad S.Gh., Mujumdar A.s. and R. Nassef, “Viscous non Newtonian forced convection heat transfer in semicircular and equilateral triangular ducts an experimental study”, Int. Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 24, No.5, PP. 609-620, 1997.
VIII. Javeri, V., “Laminar Heat Transfer in Rectangular Channel for the Temperature Boundary Condition of the Third Kind”, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.21, p.p. 1029-1034, 1977.
IX. Kandasamy, A., Nadiminti, S. R. “Entrance region flow in concentric annuli with rotating inner wall for Herschel-Bulkley fluids.” International Journal of Applied and Computational Mathematics. 1(2), PP. 235-249.2015. DOI: 10.1007/s40819-015-0029-7
X. Maia, M. C., Gasparetto, C. A., “A numerical solution for entrance region of non-newtonian flow in annili.” Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 20(2), PP. 201-211. 2003.
XI. Rajamohan G., R. N., K. P., “Experimental study on mixed convection heat transfer in a square duct with varying inclination angles”, Pertanika Journal of Scince and Technology, 23(1): 141-151. January 2015.
XII. Soh, W. Y., “Developing fluid flow in curved duct of square cross-section and its fully developed dual solutions”, J. Fl. Mech. 188, PP. 337-361. 1988. DOI=https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112088000758.

SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL USING CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS (CFRP)

Authors:

Shahzad Khan, Samiullah Qazi, Ali Siddique, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Saqib

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.12.00007

Abstract:

In this paper, the experimental results of a partially retrofitted non-compliant with code concrete shear wall using uni-directional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) are introduced. The common deficiencies in the wall were insufficient reinforcement, un-confinement at boundary zone, the lake of in-plane stiffness, and ductility. The adopted retrofitting technique consists of the CFRP strips bonded to both wall face with mesh anchors installed in the wall panel and foundation to avoid debonding. The wall was tested before and after retrofitting under a constant axial load, and the displacement control lateral cyclic load was applied to the head beam level. The retrofitted wall showed satisfactory results in terms of drift and shear strength. The test results include the failure pattern, load-displacement behaviours, and deflected shape.

Keywords:

Reinforced concrete,Deficient wall,partial retrofit,CFRP fabric,cyclic loading ,

Refference:

I. ACI Committee 318 (2005) Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-05) and Commentary (318R-05). Farmington Hills, MI.
II. A.E. Fiorato and W.G. Corley, R. G. O. (no date) ‘Behavior of Earthquake Resistant Structural Walls Before and After Repair,’ ACI Journal Proceedings, 80(5). DOI: 10.14359/10864.
III. Building Code of Pakistan (BCP): Seismic Provisions (2007). Islamabad, Pakistan: Ministry of Housing & Works.
IV. Babak Mansoori, Ashkan Torabi, Arash Totonchi, : NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRENGTHENING THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING CFRP REBAR, STEEL SHEETS AND GFRP, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-3, March (2020) pp 195-204
V. Durga Chaitanya Kumar Jagarapu, Arunakanthi Eluru, : DURABILITY STUDIES ON LIGHTWEIGHT FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BY INCORPORATING PALM OIL SHELLS, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-1, January (2020) pp 19-30
VI. Effendy, E. et al. (2006) ‘Seismic behaviour of low-rise shear walls with SMA bars,’ Earth and Space 2006 – Proceedings of the 10th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, 2006, p. 137. DOI: 10.1061/40830(188)137.
VII. Elnashai and Pinho (1997) ‘Repair and retrofitting of RC walls using selective Techniques,’ 2(4), pp. 525–568.
VIII. Khalid M. Mosalam and Michael Rojansky, S. A. M. (no date) ‘Evaluation of Seismic Performance and Retrofit of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete Shearwalls,’ ACI Structural Journal, 100(6). DOI: 10.14359/12835.
IX. Lombard, J., Lau, D. and Humar, J. (2000) ‘Seismic strengthening and repair of reinforced concrete shear walls,’ Proc., 12th World Conf. on …, pp. 1–8.
X. Pakravan, H. R. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2019) ‘Synthetic fibres for cementitious composites: A critical and in-depth review of recent advances’, Construction
XI. Qazi, S., Michel, L. and Ferrier, E. (2013) ‘Experimental investigation of CFRP anchorage systems used for strengthening RC joints,’ Composite Structures, 99, pp. 453–461. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.10.036.
XII. Raza, S. et al. (2019) ‘Strengthening and repair of reinforced concrete columns by jacketing: State-of-the-art review,’ Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(11). DOI: 10.3390/su11113208.
XIII. Sezen H.Whittaker A.S.Elwood K.J.and Mosalam K.M. (2003). Performance of reinforced concrete buildings during August 17, 1999, Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake and seismic design and construction practice in Turkey. Engineering Structures 25, 103–114
XIV. Taghdi et al. (2000) ‘SEISMIC RETROFITTING OF LOW-RISE MASONRY AND CONCRETE WALLS USING STEEL STRIPS,’ Taghdi et al., (September), pp. 1017–1025.
XV. UBC-97 (1997) ‘Uniform building code: Structural design requirement’, in.

EIGENVALUE METHOD AND LINEARIZATION FOR THE STEADY STATE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF JAMSHORO THERMAL POWER PLANT (JTPP)

Authors:

Zulfiqar Ali Shahani , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Ashfaque Ahmed Hashmani

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.12.00008

Abstract:

Electrical power system without interruption is the need of every consumer. Therefore, supplying electrical power which must be efficient, reliable and secure from any disturbance is the priority of power supply companies. But, due to changes in weather conditions and continuous load variations, small disturbances arise which may lead to severe disturbance. All electrical generating stations are interconnected, so a failure in any one unit can affect other generating units, therefore analysis is compulsory to solve the problem in the least time, and avoid a further big loss. Analysis of steady-state stability or transient stability plays a key role in a power system which helps to understand the behavior of a dynamic system. The stability problem is concerned with the behavior of the generating station when the system puts on either small or large disturbance. In this work, the steady-state stability (SSS) analysis of the Jamshoro thermal power plant (JTPP) is analyzed by using the eigenvalue method and linearization technique at four different reheat gain values. We develop a nonlinear mathematical model of JTPP and discuss its linearized form, and examine the behavior of the system stability using eigenvalues. The eigenvalue method analyzes the behavior of synchronous machine when system load varies continually. Numerical values of eigenvalues consist of either real part or real as well as imaginary parts. These eigenvalues help to understand the stability of the system, as to whether the system is stable or not.

Keywords:

Eigenvalue,Steady-state,Power system,Nonlinear model,Synchronous machine,

Refference:

I. Amin, M., & Molinas, M. (2017). Small-signal stability assessment of power electronics based power systems: A discussion of impedance-and eigenvalue-based methods. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53(5), 5014-5030.
II. Azizipanah-Abarghooee, et al (2018, October). Small Signal Based Frequency Response Analysis for Power Systems. In 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
III. Balu, Neal, et al. “On-line power system security analysis.” Proceedings of the IEEE 80.2 (1992): 262-282.
IV. Banakar, H., Luo, C., & Ooi, B. T. (2006). Steady-state stability analysis of doubly-fed induction generators under decoupled P–Q control. IEE Proceedings-Electric Power Applications, 153(2), 300-306.
V. Bhan, V., Hashmani, A. A., & Shaikh, M. M. (2019). A new computing perturb-and-observe-type algorithm for MPPT in solar photovoltaic systems and evaluation of its performance against other variants by experimental validation. Scientia Iranica, 26(Special Issue on machine learning, data analytics, and advanced optimization techniques in modern power systems [Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)]), 3656-3671.
VI. Biswas, M. M., et al (2011). Steady State Stability Analysis of Power System under Various Fault Conditions. Global Journal of Research in Engineering, 11(6-F).
VII. Choo, Y. C, et al. (2006). Assessment of small disturbance stability of a power system. In Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) (pp. 1-
VIII. Himaja K., et al. (2012). Steady State Stability Analysis of a single machine power system by using MATLAB SOFTWARE. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181
IX. Khoso, A. H., Shaikh, M. M., & Hashmani, A. A. (2020). A New and Efficient Nonlinear Solver for Load Flow Problems. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 10(3), 5851-5856.
X. Liverpool, T. B. (2020). Steady-state distributions and nonsteady dynamics in nonequilibrium systems. Physical Review E, 101(4), 042107.
XI. Martins, N. (1986). Efficient eigenvalue and frequency response methods applied to power system small-signal stability studies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1(1), 217-224.
XII. M. A. Huda, Md. Harun-or-Roshid, A. Islam and Mst. Mumtahinah, : SENSITIVITY AND ACCUARACY OF EIGENVALUES RELATIVE TO THEIR PERTURBATION, J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-6, No.-1, July (2011) Pages 780-796
XIII. Muhammad Aamir Aman, Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi, Murad Ali, Akhtar Khan, : To Negate the influences of Un-deterministic Dispersed Generation on Interconnection to the Distributed System considering Power Losses of the system, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-3, July-August (2018) Pages 117-132
XIV. Pruski, P., and Paszek, S. (2011). Analysis of calculation accuracy of power system electromechanical eigenvalues based on instantaneous power disturbance waveforms.
XV. Shahani, Z. A., Hashmani, A. A., & Shaikh, M. M. (2020). Steady state stability analysis and improvement using eigenvalues and PSS. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 10(1), 5301-5306.
XVI. Sidhu, T. S., et al. “Protection issues during system restoration.” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20.1 (2005): 47-56.
XVII. Singh, Bindeshwar. “Applications of FACTS controllers in power systems for enhance the power system stability: a state-of-the-art.” International Journal of Reviews in Computing 6 (2011)
XVIII. Slootweg, J. G., et al. “A study of the eigenvalue analysis capabilities of power system dynamics simulation software.” Proc. 14th Power Systems Computation Conference. 2002.
XIX. Song, Y., & Wang, B. (2013). Survey on reliability of power electronic systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(1), 591-604

THERMAL AWARE LINK ENERGY EFFICIENT SCHEME FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS

Authors:

M. Javed, Asim Zeb, M.Shahzad, Asif Nawaz, Ahmed Ali Shah, Zeeshan Rasheed, Naveed Jan, Atif Ishtiaq, Sheeraz Ahmed

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.12.00009

Abstract:

A daunting task in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is still to develop Effective routing techniques. Small-sized nodes are installed on or within the human body to monitor human health conditions which then deliver the data to servers for analysis. During sensing and data transfer, biomedical sensors work continuously and the temperature of the nodes may rise beyond the threshold limit. This temperature rise may damage the human body tissues as well as the routing mechanism in terms of path losses. To keep the temperature at its normal working value, a priority-based selection of routes is required to prevent data loss during transmission. This will ensure safe and accurate data delivery at the destination. A protocol called "Thermal Aware Link Energy Efficient Scheme for WBANs” (TALEEBA) for workers is proposed to monitor the health of workers in factories. One of the four sinks will collect the data of the nearest worker in the field. As the body temperature of any worker is detected to rise, an alarm will be generated and the supervisor of the workplace will ask the worker to be replaced by some other worker. The same mechanism will continue till the task ends. Our proposed TALEEBA (Thermal Aware Link Energy Efficient Scheme for WBANs) scheme is aligned with current LAEEBA and THE-FAME WBAN schemes. In simulations, we analyze our protocol in terms of stability period, network lifetime, residual energy, a packet sent, packet dropped, and throughput. Hence, the results show stability and network life 50%, a packet sent 20% and throughput 23% are improved in comparison with LABEEA and THE-FAME protocols.

Keywords:

Wireless Body Area Networks,Delay,Thermal aware,

Refference:

I. Abidi, Bahae, Abdelillah Jilbab, and El Haziti Mohamed. “Wireless body area networks: a comprehensive survey.” Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology: 1-11. 2020.
II. Ahmad, Ashfaq, Nadeem Javaid, Umar Qasim, Mohammad Ishfaq, Zahoor Ali Khan, and Turki Ali Alghamdi. “RE-ATTEMPT: a new energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless body area sensor networks.” International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 10, no. (4)): 464010. 2014.

III. Ahmed, S., Nadeem Javaid, Mariam Akbar, Adeel Iqbal, Zahoor Ali Khan, and U. Qasim. “LAEEBA: Link aware and energy efficient scheme for body area networks.” In 2014 IEEE 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, pp. 435-440. IEEE, 2014.
IV. Akram, Sana, Nadeem Javaid, Anum Tauqir, Areeba Rao, and Saad Noor Mohammad. “The-fame: Threshold-based energy-efficient fatigue measurement for wireless body area sensor networks using multiple sinks.” In 2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, pp. 214-220. IEEE, 2013.
V. Amin, Bahrul, Najeeb Ullah, Sheeraz Ahmed, Muhammad Taqi, and Abdul Hanan. “Path-Loss and Energy Efficient Model (PLEEM) for wireless body area networks (WBANs).” In 2017 International Symposium on Wireless Systems and Networks (ISWSN), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2017.
VI. Bilandi, Naveen, Harsh K. Verma, and Renu Dhir. “AHP–neutrosophic decision model for selection of relay node in wireless body area network.” CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 5, no. (3): 222-229. 2020.
VII. Brix, Gunnar, Martin Seebass, Gesine Hellwig, and Jürgen Griebel. “Estimation of heat transfer and temperature rise in partial-body regions during MR procedures: an analytical approach with respect to safety considerations.” Magnetic resonance imaging 20, no. (1): 65-76. 2002.
VIII. Chen, Min, Sergio Gonzalez, Athanasios Vasilakos, Huasong Cao, and Victor CM Leung. “Body area networks: A survey.” Mobile networks and applications 16, no. (20): 171-193. 2011.
IX. de Oliveira Brante, Glauber Gomes, Marcos Tomio Kakitani, and Richard Demo Souza. “On the energy efficiency of some cooperative and non-cooperative transmission schemes in WSNs.” In 2011 45th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2011.
X. Gupta, Sandeep KS, Suresh Lalwani, Yashwanth Prakash, E. Elsharawy, and Loren Schwiebert. “Towards a propagation model for wireless biomedical applications.” In IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC’03., vol. 3, pp. 1993-1997. IEEE, 2003.
XI. Hasan, Khalid, Kamanashis Biswas, Khandakar Ahmed, Nazmus S. Nafi, and Md Saiful Islam. “A comprehensive review of wireless body area network.” Journal of Network and Computer Applications (143): 178-198. 2019.

XII. Ilyas Khan, Majid Ashraf, Asif Nawaz, Rehan Ali Khan, M.Habib Ullah, Wisal Khan, Sheeraz Ahmed, : DUAL SINK BASED ROUTING SCHEME FOR RELIABLE DATA DELIVERY AND LOS COMMUNICATION IN WBANS, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-6, June (2020) pp 449-467
XIII. Javaid, Nadeem, Z. Abbas, M. S. Fareed, Zahoor Ali Khan, and N. Alrajeh. “M-ATTEMPT: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless body area sensor networks.” Procedia Computer Science (19): 224-231. 2013.
XIV. Katayama, Norihiko, Kenichi Takizawa, Takahiro Aoyagi, Jun-ichi Takada, Huan-Bang Li, and Ryuji Kohno. “Channel model on various frequency bands for wearable body area network.” IEICE transactions on communications 92, no. (2): 418-424. 2009.
XV. Khan, Naveed A., Nadeem Javaid, Zahoor Ali Khan, M. Jaffar, U. Rafiq, and Ayesha Bibi. “Ubiquitous healthcare in wireless body area networks.” In 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, pp. 1960-1967. IEEE, 2012.
XVI. Kim, Beom-Su, Kyong Hoon Kim, and Ki-Il Kim. “A survey on mobility support in wireless body area networks.” Sensors 17, no. (4)): 797. 2017.
XVII. Muhammad Aadil, Sheeraz Ahmed, Muhammad Zubair, M.Saeed Hussain kakar, Muhammad Junaid, Ata-ur-Rehman, : iBTTA: IMPROVED BODY TISSUES TEMPERATURE AWARE ROUTING SCHEME FOR WBANs, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-1, January-February (2019) pp 37-52.
XVIII. Nadeem, Qaisar, Nadeem Javaid, Saad Noor Mohammad, M. Y. Khan, Sohab Sarfraz, and M. Gull. “Simple: Stable increased-throughput multi-hop protocol for link efficiency in wireless body area networks.” In 2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, pp. 221-226. IEEE, 2013.
XIX. Shahbazi, Zeinab, and Yung-Cheol Byun. “Towards a secure thermal-energy aware routing protocol in Wireless Body Area Network based on blockchain technology.” Sensors 20, no. (12): 3604. 2020
XX. Taha, Mustafa Sabah, Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim, Mohammed Mahdi Hashim, and Fadil Abass Johi. “Wireless body area network revisited.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. (4) : 3494-3504. 2018.
XXI. Tang, Qinghui, Naveen Tummala, Sandeep KS Gupta, and Loren Schwiebert. “TARA: thermal-aware routing algorithm for implanted sensor networks.” In International conference on distributed computing in sensor systems, pp. 206-217. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.
XXII. Tauqir, Anum, Nadeem Javaid, Sana Akram, Areeba Rao, and Saad Noor Mohammad. “Distance aware relaying energy-efficient: Dare to monitor patients in multi-hop body area sensor networks.” In 2013 Eighth International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications, pp. 206-213. IEEE, 2013.
XXIII. Ullah, Sana, Henry Higgins, Bart Braem, Benoit Latre, Chris Blondia, Ingrid Moerman, Shahnaz Saleem, Ziaur Rahman, and Kyung Sup Kwak. “A comprehensive survey of wireless body area networks.” Journal of medical systems 36, no. (3): 1065-1094. 2012.
XXIV. Zang, Weilin, Fen Miao, Raffaele Gravina, Fangmin Sun, Giancarlo Fortino, and Ye Li. “CMDP-based intelligent transmission for wireless body area network in remote health monitoring.” Neural computing and applications 32, no. (3): 829-837. 2020.

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS

Authors:

Irfan Ullah, Dr. Rawid Khan, Manzoor Elahi, Ajab Khurshid

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.12.00010

Abstract:

In this paper, the Asphalt Concrete is analyzed by finite element modeling in Abaqus. The nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of Asphalt Concrete is simulated in Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The X-Ray Computed Tomography scans of the laboratory specimen are converted to a 3D virtual model in image processing software (Simpleware Scan IP). The 3D model is used in FEA by applying boundary conditions and giving mechanical properties, considering the Asphalt Concrete as a viscoelastic material. The mechanical properties of the Asphalt Concrete were determined from the laboratory test performed on the same sample. Three different types of model were analyzed. The representative 3D meshed model and Abaqus meshed model were analyzed for recovery of stress under constant strain and compared. It was concluded that the analysis on a model without considering the actual geometry of the Asphalt Concrete, gives a similar pattern of results but differ by 18% than a laboratory test. The actual 3D geometry of Asphalt Concrete specimen can be obtained by converting 2D X-ray CT scans. It was also found that the nonlinear viscoelastic analysis on a 3D virtual model of Asphalt Concrete gives 96% similar results to the laboratory tests.

Keywords:

Micromechanical Modeling,asphalt concrete,finite element,discrete element,X-ray CT,

Refference:

I. Abdul Farhan, Nadeem Anwar Qureshi, Arshad Hussain, M. Bilal Khurshid, Hassan Farooq Afridi, : Field Investigation of Modified Asphalt Mix in Pakistan, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-4, September-October (2018) Pages 90-99
II. A. Abbas, E. Masad, T. Papagiannakis, and T. Harman, Micromechanical modeling of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures using the discrete-element method, vol. 7, no. 2. 2007.
III. C. W. Huang, E. Masad, A. H. Muliana, and H. Bahia, “Nonlinearly viscoelastic analysis of asphalt mixes subjected to shear loading,” Mech. Time-Dependent Mater., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 91–110, 2007, doi: 10.1007/s11043-007-9034-5.
IV. F. T. S. Aragão, Y.-R. Kim, J. Lee, and D. H. Allen, “Micromechanical Model for Heterogeneous Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Subjected to Fracture Failure,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 30–38, 2011, doi: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000004.
V. H. M. Zelelew and A. T. Papagiannakis, “Micromechanical Modeling of Asphalt Concrete Uniaxial Creep Using the Discrete Element Method,” Road Mater. Pavement Des., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 613–632, 2010, doi: 10.1080/14680629.2010.9690296.
VI. M. H. Sadd and D. Ph, “SIMULATION OF ASPHALT MATERIALS USING A FINITE ELEMENT,” 2003.
VII. Z. You and Q. Dai, “Dynamic complex modulus predictions of hot-mix asphalt using a micromechanical-based finite element model,” Can. J. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1519–1528, 2007, doi: 10.1139/L07-064.
VIII. Y. R. Kim, D. N. Little, and R. L. Lytton, “Effect of moisture damage on material properties and fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures,” Transp. Res. Rec., no. 1891, pp. 48–54, 2004, doi: 10.3141/1891-07.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOLUTION METHODS OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS LINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT

Authors:

B. Sivaram

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2021.01.00001

Abstract:

The methods to obtain a solution of non-homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients vary from type of output function. The present paper addresses the undetermined coefficients, variations of parameters methods and discussed the rewards and drawbacks of these methods with examples. The method of undetermined coefficients is derived from the variation of parameters when the out function is an exponential function.

Keywords:

Non-homogeneous linear,Constant coefficients,exponential function,

Refference:

I. B. S. Grewal, Higher Engineering, 42nd Edition, Khanna Publications, New Delhi, 2012

II. Coddington, E.A and N. Levinson: theory of ordinary differential equation, New York,

III. Erwin Kreyszig: Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Wiley – India, 2006.

IV. G. F. Simmons., Differential Equations with applications and historical notes, 3rd Edition,

V. Ince, E. L., Ordinary Differential Equations, New York: Dover, (1956).

VI. Md. Alamin Khan, Abu Hashan Md. Mashud, M. A. Halim, NUMEROUS EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NONLINEAR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS BY TAN–COT METHOD, J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-11, No.-2, January (2017) Pages 37-48

VII. Mohammad Asif Arefin, Biswajit Gain, Rezaul Karim, Saddam Hossain, : A COMPARATIVE EXPLORATION ON DIFFERENT NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLVING ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-12, December (2020) pp 1-11.

COMPOUND PROPOSITIONAL LAW FOR LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE, TAUTOLOGY AND CONTRADICTION

Authors:

Umair Khalid Qureshi, Parivish Sami Lander, Shahzad Ali Khaskheli, Manzar Bashir Arain, Zubair Ahmed Kalhoro, Syed Hasnain Ali Shah, Amir Khan Mari, Saifullah Bhatti

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2021.01.00002

Abstract:

This paper presents a Compound Propositional Law for Logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction. The proposed Law is developed with the help of negation, disjunction, conjunction, exclusive or, conditional statement and bi-conditional statement. The idea of research is taken from de-Morgan law. This proposed law is important and useful for Logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction for the research purpose because these are the rare cases in the field of research. This article aims to help readers understand the compound proposition and proposition equivalence in conducting research. This article discusses propositions that are relevant for proposition equivalence. Six main compound propositions are distinguished and an overview is given in the article. Hence, it is observed from the result and discussion that the compound proposition law is a good achievement in discrete structure for the logical Equivalence, Tautology and Contradiction purpose.

Keywords:

Proposition Equivalence,Compound Proposition,Truth Table,Result Analysis,Logical Symbols,

Refference:

I. Agassi, J., Tautology and Testability in Economics, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, Phil. Soc. Sci. vol: 1, pp. 49-63.
II. Avan, B. I. and F. White, The Proposition: An insight into research, Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association February, 2013.
III. Crisler, N., P. Fisher. Discrete mathematics through Applications. W. H. Freeman and Company, 1994.
IV. Kiran, K., Computational Thinking and Its Role in Discrete Mathematics, Biz and Bytes, Vol: 7(1), 2016.
V. Kwon, I., A Tautology is a Tautology: Specificity and Categorization in Nominal Tautological Constructions, In the Proceedings of the 35th annual meeting of berkeley linguistics society, 2009.
VI. Liu, J. and L. Wang, Computational Thinking in Discrete Mathematics, Second International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, 2010.
VII. Ljnda, C. M., R. I Horvotzt and A. R. Fhnstbn, A Collection of 56 Topics with Contradictory Results in Case Control Research, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol: 17(3), 2015.
VIII. Marcela, P., L. Osorio and Á. A. Caputi, Perceptual Judgments of Logical Propositions, Asian Journal of Research and Reports in Neurology, vol: 2(1), pp 1-14, 2019.
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DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF RESOLDEPMIRROR: A SMART MIRROR FOR RESOLVING DEPRESSION

Authors:

Muhammad Waqar Aziz, Maha Maqbool Sethi, Ali Sayyed, Kifayat Ullah

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2021.01.00003

Abstract:

Health is a precious gift from God. Both physical and mental health is equally important for living a quality life. Negligence towards mental health creates a lot of serious health problems affecting both physical health and society. Mental health is associated with better performance, high efficiency, and lesser work environment mishaps. Internet of Things technologies can possibly create smart products that can react to human needs and improve the quality of life and can make traditional environments more favorable and intelligent. One such internet of things solution is the design and development of smart mirrors. The opportunity to apply smart technology to healthcare to foresee and to monitor aspects of mental health is a natural but mostly underdeveloped idea. Although several smart mirror solutions have been proposed for different purposes, it has not been developed for the treatment of depression. We believe that smart mirrors involving a combination of hardware and software could identify depression as well as offer feedback for corrective measures and remedial activities. This paper examines the potential use of a smart mirror in healthcare and examines how this technology might benefit users in resolving depression. We present the design and development of a smart mirror that can diagnose and provide digitized treatment to resolve depression. The developed mirror is tested on humans, and from the obtained results, it is concluded that the developed mirror is more accurate and inexpensive as compared to existing smart mirrors.

Keywords:

Smart Mirror,Depression,Cognitive Behavior Therapy,Convolution Neural Network,Internet of Things ,

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AN EFFICIENT FOUR-POINT QUADRATURE SCHEME FOR RIEMANN-STIELTJES INTEGRAL

Authors:

Kashif Memon , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2021.01.00004

Abstract:

In this work, a new four-point quadrature scheme is proposed for efficient approximation of the Riemann-Stieltjes integral (RS-integral). The composite form of the proposed scheme is also derived for the RS-integral from the concept of precision. Theoretically, the theorems related to the basic form, composite form, local and global errors of the new scheme are proved on the RS-integral. The correctness of the new proposed scheme is checked by g(t) = t, which reduces the proposed scheme into the original form of Simpson’s 3/8 rule for Riemann integral. The efficiency of the new proposed scheme is demonstrated by experimental work using programming in MATLAB against existing schemes. The order of accuracy and computational cost of the new proposed scheme is computed. The average CPU time is also measured in seconds. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme over the existing schemes.

Keywords:

Quadrature rule,Riemann-Stieltjes,Simpson’s 3/8 rule,Composite form, Local error,Global error,Cost-effectiveness,Time-efficiency,

Refference:

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CLOSED NEWTON-COTES CUBATURE SCHEMES FOR TRIPLE INTEGRALS WITH ERROR ANALYSIS

Authors:

Kamran Malik , Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Muhammad Saleem Chandio, Abdul Wasim Shaikh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2021.01.00005

Abstract:

Most of the problems in applied sciences in engineering contain integrals, not only in one dimension but also in higher dimensions. The complexity of integrands of functions in one variable or higher variables motivates the quadrature and cubature approximations. Much of the work is focused on the literature on single integral quadrature approximations and double integral cubature schemes. On the other hand, the work on triple integral schemes has been quite rarely focused. In this work, we propose the closed Newton-Cotes-type cubature schemes for triple integrals and discuss consequent error analysis of these schemes in terms of the degree of precision and local error terms for the basic form approximations. The results obtained for the proposed triple integral schemes are in line with the patterns observed in single and double integral schemes. The theorems proved in this work on the local error analysis will be a great aid in extending the work towards global error analysis of the schemes in the future.

Keywords:

Cubature,Triple integrals,closed Newton-Cotes,Precision,Order of accuracy,Local error,Global error,

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XII. Memon K, Shaikh MM, Chandio MS and Shaikh AW, A new and efficient Simpson’s 1/3-type quadrature rule for Riemann-Stieltjes integral, : J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci.,Vol. 15, No.11, pp. 132-148, 2020.
XIII. Memon, A. A., Shaikh, M. M., Bukhari, S. S. H., & Ro, J. S. (2020). Look-up Data Tables-Based Modeling of Switched Reluctance Machine and Experimental Validation of the Static Torque with Statistical Analysis. Journal of Magnetics, 25(2), 233-244.
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