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ANALYZING THE ROLE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN INDIAN STARTUPS: A LINEAR REGRESSION-BASED APPROACH

Authors:

Chanchal Dey

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.02.00003

February 27, 2023

Abstract:

Employee contributions have been widely acknowledged as critical to the growth of startups. Due to a lack of established structure and a need for more resources, startup employees often put in long hours with high workloads. Employees often take on multiple roles within a startup, each tailored to the business's specific needs at any time. This results in employees being subjected to stress at work that could eventually lead them to become disloyal to their employers due to the difficulties associated with juggling work and personal duties. Therefore, this study examines how work-life balance affects employee loyalty based on the perception of employees working in startups in Kolkata, Bangalore, and New Delhi. With the help of statistical analysis techniques like correlation and regression analysis, this study takes a quantitative approach to the phenomenon being investigated, surveying 120 startup employees. The study's results indicate that a healthy work-life balance is associated with greater employee loyalty. This paper fills a vacuum in the literature and contributes significantly to the expanding body of research that prioritizes work-life harmony to retain loyal employees.

Keywords:

Work-life balance,Employee loyalty,India,Startups,

Refference:

I. Allen, N. J., & Grisaffe, D. B. (2001). Employee commitment to the organization and customer reactions: Mapping the linkages. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00049-8
II. Anscombe, F. J., & Glynn, W. J. (1983). Distribution of the kurtosis statistic b 2 for normal samples. Biometrika, 70(1), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.227
III. Bérastégui, P. (2021). Exposure to Psychosocial Risk Factors in the Gig Economy: A Systematic Review. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3770016
IV. Chaudhari, S. L., & Sinha, M. (2021). A study on emerging trends in Indian startup ecosystem: Big data, crowd funding, shared economy. International Journal of Innovation Science, 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-09-2020-0156
V. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555
VI. Garg, M., & Gupta, S. (2021). Startups and the Growing Entrepreneurial Ecosystem. Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.56042/jipr.v26i1.35258
VII. Javalgi, R. (Raj) G., & Grossman, D. A. (2016). Aspirations and entrepreneurial motivations of middle-class consumers in emerging markets: The case of India. International Business Review, 25(3), 657–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.10.008
VIII. Malhotra, N. K., & Birks, D. F. (2007). Marketing research: An applied approach (3. European Ed). Financial Times Prentice Hall.
IX. Matzler, K., & Renzl, B. (2006). The Relationship between Interpersonal Trust, Employee Satisfaction, and Employee Loyalty. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 17(10), 1261–1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360600753653

X. Mukul, K., & Saini, G. K. (2021). Talent acquisition in startups in India: The role of social capital. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13(5), 1235–1261. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-04-2020-0086
XI. Panda, S., & Dash, S. (2016). Exploring the venture capitalist – entrepreneur relationship: Evidence from India. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(1), 64–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-05-2013-0071
XII. Rangrez, S. N., Amin, F., & Dixit, S. (2022). Influence of Role Stressors and Job Insecurity on Turnover Intentions in Start-ups: Mediating Role of Job Stress. Management and Labour Studies, 47(2), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X221074757
XIII. Roehling, P. V., Roehling, M. V., & Moen, P. (2001). The Relationship Between Work-Life Policies and Practices and Employee Loyalty: A Life Course Perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), 141–170. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016630229628
XIV. Shenoy, V. (2015). E-Commerce Startups: A Success Story (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 2831877). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2831877
XV. Sturges, J., & Guest, D. (2004). Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(4), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00130.x
XVI. Zaiontz, C. (2020). Home Page (Welcome) | Real Statistics Using Excel. Real Statistics Using Excel. https://real-statistics.com/

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Journal Vol – 18 No -2, February 2023

AN EXTENDED STUDY TO DETERMINE THE BEST LOSS FUNCTIONS FOR ESTIMATING THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION PARAMETER UNDER JEFFERY AND GAMMA PRIORS

Authors:

Zainab Falih Hamza, Laith Fadhil S. H, Firas Monther Jassim

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.03.00001

March 29, 2023

Abstract:

In this research, we compared the Bayesian estimators when estimating the scale parameter for the exponential distribution by using different loss functions under Jeffrey and Gamma priors, as most of the available symmetric and asymmetric loss functions were used, also the balanced and unbalanced loss functions. The simulation results proved the advantage of balanced loss functions with the Gamma prior, and the effectiveness of the balanced loss functions when using Jeffrey prior especially if the value of the weighted coefficient is equal to 0.5, so it is possible to use initial estimators as maximum likelihood estimator to compensate for the lack of prior information around the parameter to be estimated, also the advantage of the balanced general entropy loss function and the balanced weighted square error loss function under Jeffrey prior when the value of the scale parameter for the exponential distribution is less than 1, the preference of the balanced weighted square error loss function and the balanced K loss function if the value of the scale parameter for the exponential distribution is equal to 1, and the preference for the AL-Sayyad balanced loss function and the balanced AL-Bayyati loss function if the value of the scale parameter for the exponential distribution is greater or equal to 2.

Keywords:

Bayes Method,Unbalanced Loss Functions,Balanced Loss Functions,Exponential Distribution,

Refference:

I. AL-Badran, M., (2010). “Bayes Estimation under Balanced Loss Functions”. Journal of Administration & Economics, (42)119, PP.108-120.

II. Al-Bayyati, (2002). “Comparing methods of estimating Weibull failure models using simulation”. Ph.D. Thesis, College of Administration and Economics, Baghdad University, Iraq.
III. Ali, S., Aslam, M. , Kazmi, A., (2013). “A study of the effect of the loss function on Bayes Estimate, posterior risk and hazard function for Lindley distribution”. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37, PP. 6068–6078.

IV. Calabria, R., Pulcini, G., (1996) “Point estimation under asymmetric loss functions for left-truncated exponential samples”, Communications in Statistics – Theory and Methods, (25)3, PP.585-600.

V. Casella G., Berger R., (2002).”Statistical Inference”, 2nd ed. USA,Duxbury.

VI. Dey, D., Ghosh, M., Strawderman, E. (1999).” On estimation with balanced loss functions”. Statistics & Probability Letters, 45, PP.97-101.

VII. El–Sayyad, M., (1967). “Estimation of the parameter of an exponential distribution”, Royal Statistical Society, Ser. B., (29)4, PP.525–532.

VIII. Norstrom, J.,(1996).”The use of precautionary loss functions in risk analysis”. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, (45)3, PP. 400-403.

IX. Rodrigues, J., Zellner, A. (1994). “Weighted balanced loss function and estimation of the mean time to failure”. Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods, 23, 3609-3616.

X. Wasan, T., “Parametric Estimation”, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1970.

XI. Zellner, A. (1994). “Bayesian and Non-Bayesian estimation using balanced loss functions Statistical”, Decision Theory and Methods, New York: Springer, PP.337-390.

XII. Zellner, A., (1971). “Bayesian and non-Bayesian analysis of the log-normal distribution and log normal regression”. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 66, PP.327-330.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -3, March 2023

BOUNDARY CONDITION ON THE CONVECTION PROCESS INVOLVING NANOFLUIDS

Authors:

Probhas Bose, Asish Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.03.00002

March 29, 2023

Abstract:

The present numerical investigation deals with the laminar natural convection flow of a nanofluid along an isothermal vertical plate. As indicated by the Boungiorno model [V], nanofluid is considered a two-part combination (base liquid in addition to nanoparticles) where the impacts of Brownian movement and thermophoresis are significant. The boundary condition on the fluid flow is new: the nanoparticle volume fraction at the plate is passively controlled by assuming that its flux there is zero. The outcome of the present study with this new boundary condition is in better agreement with the practical applications of nanofluids.

Keywords:

Isothermal Vertical Plate,Natural Convection,NanoFluid,Brownian Motion,Thermophoresis,

Refference:

I. A. Bejan, Convection Heat Transfer, Wiley, New York, NY, 1984.
II. A.V. Kuznetsov and D. A. Nield, Natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, 49, (2010) 243–247.
III. D.A. Nield, A.V. Kuznetsov, Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf, 52 (2009) 5796–5801.
IV. J. Buongiorno, Convective transport in nanofluids, ASME J. Heat Transf. 128 (2006) 240–250.
V. S. Choi, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticle in: D.A. Siginer, H.P. Wang (Eds.), Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, ASME MD 231 and FED 66, 1995, pp. 99–105.
VI. W. A. Khan and A. Aziz Natural convection flow of a nanofluid over a vertical plate with uniform surface heat flux, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50 (2011) 1207-1214.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -3, March 2023

Optical Multiplexer

Authors:

Dilip Kumar Gayen

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.03.00003

March 29, 2023

Abstract:

In this paper, we present an all-optical multiplexer based on a Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD) device. The TOAD is used as a nonlinear optical switch to selectively route optical signals based on their wavelength or frequency, allowing for the multiplexing of multiple optical channels onto a single fiber optic cable. We describe the design and implementation of the TOAD-based multiplexer, including the optical components and signal processing algorithms used to achieve high-speed, low-error-rate operation. We also present experimental results demonstrating the performance of the multiplexer, including its ability to maintain signal quality over long distances and under various noise and interference conditions. Our results show that the TOAD-based multiplexer offers a promising approach to all-optical multiplexing for high-speed, high-capacity optical communications systems.

Keywords:

Optical Multiplexer,Nonlinear optics,Optical communications,TOAD-based switches.,

Refference:

I. C. Ni et al., “Bandwidth allocation based on priority and excess-bandwidth-utilized algorithm in WDM/TDM PON,”AEU – International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Volume 69, Issue 11, Pages 1659-1666 November 2015.
II. El-Hageen, Hazem M., Alatwi, Aadel M. and Zaki Rashed, Ahmed Nabih. “High-speed signal processing and wide band optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems”, Journal of Optical Communications, pp. 000010151520200070, 2020.
III. H. Furukawa et al., “Demonstration of 10 Gbit Ethernet/Optical-Packet Converter for IP Over Optical Packet Switching Network,” in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 2379-2380, July1, 2009.
IV. I. S. Choi, Jongseon Park, Hoon Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Min Yong Jeon, and Hong-Seok Seo, “Fabrication of 4 × 1 signal combiner for high-power lasers using hydrofluoric acid,” Opt. Express 26, 30667-30677, 2018.
V. J. H. Huh, H. Homma, H. Nakayama and Y. Maeda, “All optical switching triode based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier,” 2007 Photonics in Switching, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 73-74, 2007.
VI. J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, P. Rees and K. A. Shore, “Pump-power dependence of transparency characteristics in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 1462-1467, Dec. 2000.
VII. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk and M. Kane, “A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD),” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 787-790, July 1993.
VIII. K. Christodoulopoulos, I. Tomkos and E. Varvarigos, “Dynamic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based networks,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2011, pp. 1-3 2011.
IX. Lei Xu, I. Glesk, V. Baby and P. R. Prucnal, “All-optical wavelength conversion using SOA at nearly symmetric position in a fiber-based sagnac interferometric loop,” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 539-541, Feb. 2004.
X. M. F. C. Stephens, M. Asghari, R. V. Penty and I. H. White, “Demonstration of ultrafast all-optical wavelength conversion utilizing birefringence in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 449-451, April 1997.
XI. M. S. Salleh, A. Aris, R. Mohamad and K. Dimyati, “Modeling of a step and linear shared buffer using an OOP for optical packet switch,” 8th International Conference Advanced Communication Technology, Phoenix Park, Korea (South), pp. 6 pp.-1073, 2006.
XII. N. Bai, Ezra Ip, Yue-Kai Huang, Eduardo Mateo, Fatih Yaman, Ming-Jun Li, Scott Bickham, Sergey Ten, Jesús Liñares, Carlos Montero, Vicente Moreno, Xesús Prieto, Vincent Tse, Kit Man Chung, Alan Pak Tao Lau, Hwa-Yaw Tam, Chao Lu, Yanhua Luo, Gang-Ding Peng, Guifang Li, and Ting Wang, “Mode-division multiplexed transmission with inline few-mode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Express 20, 2668-2680, 2012.
XIII. P. S. Cho, D. Mahgerefteh and J. Coldhar, “All-optical 2R regeneration and wavelength conversion at 20 Gb/s using an electroabsorption modulator,” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 1662-1664, Dec. 1999.
XIV. S. A. Hamilton, Bryan S. Robinson, Thomas E. Murphy, Shelby Jay Savage, and Erich P. Ippen, “100 Gb/s Optical Time-Division Multiplexed Networks,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 2086-, 2002.
XV. S. Soysouvanh, Phongsanam, P., Mitatha, S. et al. Ultrafast all-optical ALU operation using a soliton control within the cascaded InGaAsP/InP microring circuits. Microsyst Technol 25, 431–440, 2019.
XVI. V. M. Menon et al., “All-optical wavelength conversion using a regrowth-free monolithically integrated Sagnac interferometer,” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 254-256, Feb. 2003.
XVII. V. Sasikala, Chitra, K. All optical switching and associated technologies: a review. J Opt 47, 307–317, 2018.
XVIII. Y. Liu, E. Tangdiongga, Z. Li, Shaoxian Zhang, Huug de Waardt, G. D. Khoe, and H. J. S. Dorren, “Error-Free All-Optical Wavelength Conversion at 160 Gb/s Using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and an Optical Bandpass Filter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 230-,2006.
XIX. Y. Xiao, F. Brunet, M. Kanskar, M. Faucher, A. Wetter, and N. Holehouse, “1-kilowatt CW all-fiber laser oscillator pumped with wavelength-beam-combined diode stacks,” Opt. Express 20, 3296-3301, 2012.
XX. Z. F. Chaykandi, Bahrami, A. & Mohammadnejad, S. MMI-based all-optical multi-input XOR and XNOR logic gates using nonlinear directional coupler. Opt Quant Electron 47, 3477–3489, 2015.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -3, March 2023

n-KERNELS OF SKELETAL CONGRUENCES ON A DISTRIBUTIVE NEARLATTICE

Authors:

Shiuly Akhter

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.04.00001

April 28, 2023

Abstract:

In this paper, the author studied the skeletal congruences θ^* of a distributive nearlattice S, where * represents the pseudocomplement. Then the author described θ(I)^*, where θ(I) is the smallest congruence of S containing n-ideal I as a class and showed that I^+ is the n-kernel of θ(I)^*. In this paper, the author established the following fundamental results: When n is an upper element of a distributive nearlattice S, the author has shown that the n-kernels of the skeletal congruences are precisely those n-ideals which are the intersection of relative annihilator ideals and dual relative annihilator ideals whose endpoints are of the form x∨n and x∧n respectively. For a central element n of a distributive nearlattice S, the author proved that P_n (S) is disjunctive if and only if the n-kernel of each skeletal congruence is an annihilator n-ideal. Finally, the author discussed that P_n (S) is semi-Boolean if and only if the map θ→Ker_n θ is a lattice isomorphism of SC(S) onto K_n SC(S) whose inverse is the map I→θ(I) where I is an n-ideal and n is a central element of S.

Keywords:

n-Kernels of skeletal congruence,Pseudo complement,Annihilator n-ideal,Disjunctive nearlattice,Semi-Boolean algebra,

Refference:

I. A. S. A. Noor and M. B. Rahman, Congruence relations on a distributive nearlattice, Rajshahi University Studies Part-B, Journal of Science, 23-24(1995-1996) 195-202.
II. A. S. A. Noor and M. B. Rahman, Sectionally semicomplemented distributive nearlattices, SEA Bull. Math., 26(2002) 603-609.
III. M. A. Latif, n-ideals of a lattice, Ph.D. Thesis, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 1997.
IV. S. Akhter, Disjunctive Nearlattices and Semi-Boolean Algebras, Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 16, (2012), 31-43.
V. S. Akhter, A study of Principal n-Ideals of a Nearlattice, Ph.D. Thesis, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 2003.
VI. S. Akhter and M. A. Latif, Skeletal congruence on a distributive nearlattice, Jahangirnagar University Journal of Science, 27(2004) 325-335.
VII. S. Akhter and A. S. A. Noor, n-Ideals of a medial nearlattice, Ganit J. Bangladesh Math. Soc., 24(2005) 35-42.
VIII. W. H. Cornish, The Kernels of skeletal congruences on a distributive lattice, Math. Nachr., 84(1978) 219-228.
IX. W. H. Cornish and Hickman, Weakly distributive semilattice, Acta. Math. Acad. Sci. Hunger, 32(1978) 5-16.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -4, April 2023

IMAGE WATERMARKING ON DEGRADED COMPRESSED SENSING MEASUREMENTS

Authors:

Seba Maity

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.04.00002

April 28, 2023

Abstract:

This paper proposes an additive watermarking on sparse or compressible coefficients of the host image in the presence of blurring and additive noise degradation. The sparse coefficients are obtained through basis pursuit (BP). Watermark recovery is done through deblurring, and performance is studied here for Wiener and fast total variation deconvolution (FTVD) techniques; the first one needs the actual or an estimate of the noise variance, while the second one is blind. Extensive simulations are done on images for different CS measurements along with a wide range of noise variations. Simulation results show that FTVD with an optimum value for regularization parameter enables the extraction of the watermark image in visually recognizable form, while Wiener deconvolution neither restores the watermarked image nor the watermark when no knowledge of noise is used.

Keywords:

Basis pursuit,CS imaging,additive watermarking,Wiener deblurring;,FTVD,

Refference:

I. E. Candès, N. Braun, and M. Wakin, “Sparse signal and image recovery from compressive samples,” in 4th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, ISBI, April 2007, pp. 976–979.
II. E. Candès and M. Wakin, “An introduction to compressive sampling,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 21–30, 2008.
III. F. Lin and C. Jin, “An improved wiener deconvolution filter for highresolution electron microscopy images,” Micron, vol. 50, no. 0, pp. 1 – 6, 2013.
IV. H.-C. Huang, F.-C. Chang, C.-H. Wu, and W.-H. Lai, “Watermarking for compressive sampling applications,” in Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP),, July 2012, pp. 223–226.
V. H. Liao, F. Li, and M. K. Ng, “Selection of regularization parameter in total variation image restoration,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2311–2320, Nov 2009.
VI. H. W. Engl and W. Grever, “Using the l-curve for determining optimal regularization parameters,” Numerical Mathematics, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 25–31, 1994.
VII. I. Orovic and S. Stankovic, “Combined compressive sampling and image watermarking,” in 55th International Symposium ELMAR, Sept 2013, pp. 41–44.
VIII. J. Ma and F.-X. Le Dimet, “Deblurring from highly incomplete measurements for remote sensing,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 792–802, March 2009.
IX. J. Romberg, “Imaging via compressive sampling [introduction to compressive sampling and recovery via convex programming],” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 14–20, 2008.
X. J. Yang, J. Wright, T. S. Huang, and Y. Ma, “Image super-resolution via sparse representation,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2861–2873, 2010.
XI. L. Ruidong, S. She, Z. Hongtai, T. Xiaomin, and Z. Lanlan, “Analysis on the affection of noise in radar super resolution though deconvolution,” in IET International Radar Conference, April 2009, pp. 1–4.
XII. L. Spinoulas, B. Amizic, M. Vega, R. Molina, and A. Katsaggelos, “Simultaneous bayesian compressive sensing and blind deconvolution,” in Proceedings of the 20th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO), Aug 2012, pp. 1414–1418.
XIII. M. Duarte, M. Davenport, D. Takhar, J. Laska, T. Sun, K. Kelly, and R. Baraniuk, “Single-pixel imaging via compressive sampling,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 83–91, March 2008.
XIV. P. Samarasinghe, R. Kennedy, and H. Li, “On non-blind image restoration,” in 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, ICSPCS, Sept 2009, pp. 1–7.
XV. P. Sen and S. Darabi, “A novel framework for imaging using compressed sensing,” in 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), Nov 2009, pp. 2133–2136.
XVI. Q. Wang, W. Zeng, and J. Tian, “A compressive sensing based secure watermark detection and privacy preserving storage framework,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1317–1328, March 2014.
XVII. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing (3rd Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2006.
XVIII. S. Babacan, R. Molina, and A. Katsaggelos, “Variational bayesian blind deconvolution using a total variation prior,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 12–26, Jan 2009.
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XXI. W. Lu and N. Vaswani, “Modified basis pursuit denoising(modifiedbpdn) for noisy compressive sensing with partially known support,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), March 2010, pp. 3926–3929.
XXII. Y. Jiang and X. Yu, “On the robustness of image watermarking via compressed sensing,” in International Conference on Information Science, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (ISEEE), vol. 2, April 2014, pp. 963–967.
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Journal Vol – 18 No -4, April 2023

THE INTEGRATION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND INDUSTRY 4.0: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS

Authors:

Alper Senol, Ahmed Bakhsh, Ahmad Elshennawy

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.04.00003

April 28, 2023

Abstract:

In this study, the assessment of major factors that directly impact the success of the Industry 4.0 integration of the supply chain in terms of tangible and intangible business resources as well as the mediating role of work engagement over these business resources was performed. A total of 685 survey questions were distributed to voluntary participants in the supply chain management industry and 182 responses were studied. Structural Equation Modelling using AMOS software was carried out. Analysis such as variables and their related measurement scales, data screening, replacing missing values, removing outliers and testing normality of data, Harman’s single-factor test, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were conducted. Descriptive results of the constructs were discussed.

Keywords:

Supply Chain Management,Industry 4.0,Business Resources,Structural Equation Modelling,

Refference:

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Journal Vol – 18 No -4, April 2023

A NEW CONCEPT OF THE EXTENDED FORM OF PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

Authors:

Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.04.00004

April 28, 2023

Abstract:

According to Pythagoras Theorem : In a right-angled triangle x2 + y2 = z2 , where, base = x, altitude = y, and hypotenuse = z. In the present paper, the author states that x2 + y2 = – z2 is the extended form of the Pythagoras Theorem.

Keywords:

Countup and countdown straight line,circle,Dynamics of Numbers,Pythagoras Theorem,

Refference:

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XIII. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, ‘AN INTRODUCTION TO RECTANGULAR BHATTACHARYYA’S CO-ORDINATES: A NEW CONCEPT’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, November (2021). pp 76-86.
XIV. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, ‘AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF DYNAMICS OF NUMBERS: A NEW CONCEPT’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, January (2022). pp 37-53.
XV. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, ‘A NOVEL CONCEPT IN THEORY OF QUADRATIC EQUATION’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-3, March (2022) pp 41-63.
XVI. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya. ‘A NOVEL METHOD TO FIND THE EQUATION OF CIRCLES’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-6, June (2022) pp 31-56
XVII. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, ‘AN OPENING OF A NEW HORIZON IN THE THEORY OF QUADRATIC EQUATION: PURE AND PSEUDO QUADRATIC EQUATION – A NEW CONCEPT’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-11, November (2022) pp 1-25.
XVIII. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, ‘A NOVEL CONCEPT FOR FINDING THE FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STREAM FUNCTION AND VELOCITY POTENTIAL IN REAL NUMBERS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLUID MOTIONS’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-18, No.-02, February (2023) pp 1-19
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Journal Vol – 18 No -4, April 2023

ADEQUATE SOLUTIONS OF JERK OSCILLATORS CONTAINING VELOCITY TIMES ACCELERATION-SQUARED: HAQUE’S APPROACH WITH MICKENS’ ITERATION METHOD

Authors:

Md. Ishaque Ali, B M Ikramul Haque, M. M. Ayub Hossain

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.05.00001

May 25, 2023

Abstract:

Haque’s Approach with Mickens’ Iteration Method is used to find the exact analytic solution of the nonlinear equation involving velocity times acceleration squared. A truncated Fourier series is used in different rhythms with different repetition steps. Our results are very close to the exact results and our results are comparatively closer to the exact results than others. Our solution method is obtained around the second-order angular frequency using Newton's method. For some third-order (jerk) differential equations with cubic nonlinearities and nonlinear second-order differential equations; Mickens' iteration method is used to determine the exact analytical approximate periodic solution. A numerical experiment of general differential equations with third-order, one-dimensional, autonomous, quadratic, and cubic nonlinearity has uncovered several algebraically simple equations involving the shaking of time-dependent acceleration that contain chaotic solutions.

Keywords:

Jerk equation,Truncated Fourier series,Newton’s method,Angular frequency,Haque’s Approach with Mickens’ Iteration Method,Autonomous,Chaotic solutions,

Refference:

I. Gottlieb, H. P. W. (2004). Harmonic Balance Approach to Periodic Solutions of Non-linear Jerk Equations. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 271(3-5), 671-683. 10.1016/s0022-460x(03)00299-2

II. Haque, B. I., & Hossain, M. A. (2021). An Effective Solution of the Cube-root Truly Nonlinear Oscillator: Extended Iteration Procedure. International Journal of Differential Equations, 2021, 1-11. 10.1155/2021/7819209

III. Haque, B. I., & Hossain, M. I. (2021). An Analytical Approach for Solving the Nonlinear Jerk Oscillator Containing Velocity Times Acceleration-squared by an Extended Iteration Method. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 16(2), 35-47. 10.26782/jmcms.2021.02.00004

IV. Haque, B. I., Rahman, M. Z., & Hossain, M. I. (2021). Periodic Solution of the Nonlinear Jerk Oscillator Containing Velocity Times Acceleration-Squared: An Iteration Approach, Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 15(6), 419-433. 10.26782/jmcms.2020.06.00033

V. Haque, B. I., & Flora, S. A. (2020). On the analytical approximation of the quadratic nonlinear oscillator by modified extended iteration. Method, Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, June 15th 2020.1-10.
VI. Haque, B. I. (2014). A New Approach of Mickens’ Extended Iteration Method for Solving Some Nonlinear Jerk Equations. British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, 4(22), 3146.

VII. Haque, B. I. (2013). A new approach of Mickens’ iteration method for solving some nonlinear jerk equations. Global Journal of Sciences Frontier Research Mathematics and Decision Science, 13(11), 87-98.
VIII. Hossain, M. A., & Haque, B. I. (2021). A Solitary Convergent Periodic Solution of the Inverse Truly Nonlinear Oscillator by Modified Mickens’ Extended Iteration Procedure, Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 16(8), 1-9. 10.26782/jmcms.2021.08.00001
IX. Hossain, M. A., & Haque, B. I. (2022). Fixation of the Relation between Frequency and Amplitude for Nonlinear Oscillator Having Fractional Term Applying Modified Mickens’ Extended Iteration Method. Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 17(1), 88-103. 10.26782/jmcms.2022.01.00007
X. Hossain, M. A., & Haque, B. I. (2023). An Analytic Solution for the Helmholtz-Duffing Oscillator by Modified Mickens’ Extended Iteration Procedure. In Mathematics and Computing: ICMC 2022, Vellore, India, January 6–8 (pp. 689-700). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. 10.1007/978-981-19-9307-7_53

XI. Hu, H. (2008). Perturbation Method for Periodic Solutions of Nonlinear Jerk Equations. Physics letters A, 372(23), 4205-4209. 10.1016/j.physleta.2008.03.027

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XIII. Leung, A. Y. T., & Guo, Z. (2011). Residue harmonic balance approach to limit cycles of non-linear jerk equations. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 46(6), 898-906. 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2011.03.018

XIV. Ma, X., Wei, L., & Guo, Z. (2008). He’s homotopy perturbation method to periodic solutions of nonlinear Jerk equations. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 314(1-2), 217-227.
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XVII. Ramos, J. I. (2010). Approximate Methods Based on Order Reduction for the Periodic Solutions of Nonlinear Third-order Ordinary Differential Equations. Applied mathematics and computation, 215(12), 4304-4319. 10.1016/j.amc.2009.12.057

XVIII. Ramos, J. I., & Garcı, C. M. (2010). A Volterra Integral Formulation for Determining the Periodic Solutions of Some Autonomous, Nonlinear, Third-order Ordinary Differential Equations. Applied mathematics and computation, 216(9), 2635-2644. 10.1016/j.amc.2010.03.108

XIX. Ramos, J. I. (2010). Analytical and Approximate Solutions to Autonomous, Nonlinear, Third-order Ordinary Differential Equations. Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 11(3), 1613-1626. 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2009.03.023

XX. Wu, B. S., Lim, C. W., & Sun, W. P. (2006). Improved Harmonic Balance Approach to Periodic Solutions of Non-linear Jerk Equations. Physics Letters A, 354(1-2), 95-100.
10.1016/j.physleta.2006.01.020

XXI. Zheng, M. Y., Zhang, B. J., Zhang, N., Shao, X. X., & Sun, G. Y. (2013). Comparison of Two Iteration Procedures for a Class of Nonlinear Jerk Equations. Acta Mechanica, 224(1), 231-239. 10.1007/s00707-012-0723-z

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Journal Vol – 18 No -5, May 2023

ALL-OPTICAL PARALLEL HALF ADDER USING TERAHERTZ OPTICAL ASYMMETRIC DEMULTIPLEXER

Authors:

Arunava Bhattacharyya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.05.00002

May 25, 2023

Abstract:

Using TOAD based switch we have designed a parallel half-adder. The approach to designing all-optical arithmetic circuits not only enhances the computational speed but is also capable of synthesizing light as input to produce the desired output. The main advantage of a parallel circuit is the synchronization of input is not required. All the circuits are designed theoretically and verified through numerical simulations.

Keywords:

Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer,semiconductor optical amplifier,half adder,optical logic,

Refference:

I. A. Bhattacharyya, D. K. Gayen, and T. Chattopadhyay, “4-bit All-optical Binary to Two’s Complement Converter”, Proceedings of International Conference on Communications, Devices and Intelligent Systems, 496 – 499 (2012). 10.1109/CODIS.2012.6422247
II. A. Bhattacharyya, D. K. Gayen, and T. Chattopadhyay, “Alternative All-optical Circuit of Binary to BCD Converter Using Terahertz Asymmetric Demultiplexer Based Interferometric Switch”, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Computation and Communication Advancement (IC3A-2013).
III. A. Bhattacharyya, D. K. Gayen, ALL-OPTICAL N-BIT BINARY TO TWO’S COMPLEMENT CONVERTER WITH THE HELP OF SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER-ASSISTED SAGNAC SWITCH. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-1, January (2022) pp 117-125. 10.26782/jmcms.2022.01.00009.
IV. A. M. Melo, J. L. S. Lima, R. S. de Oliveira, and A. S. B. Sombra, “Photonic time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) using Ultra-short Picosecond Pulses in a Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer (TOAD)”, Optics Communications, 205(4-6), 299-312 (2002). 10.1109/SBMOMO.2001.1008820
V. B. Wang, V. Baby, W. Tong, L. Xu, M. Friedman, R. Runser, I. Glesk, and P. Prucnal, “A novel fast optical switch based on two cascaded terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOAD)”, Optics Express, 10(1), 15-23 (2002).
VI. D. Cotter, R.J. Manning, K.J. Blow, A.D. Ellis, A.E. Kelly, D. Nesset, I. D. Phillips, A. J. Poustie, D.C. Rogers, “Nonlinear optics for high-speed digital information processing,” Science 286, 1523-1528 (1999).
VII. D. K. Gayen, T. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Das, J. N. Roy, and R. K. Pal, “All-optical binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversion scheme with the help of semiconductor optical amplifier -assisted sagnac switch”, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, 5(2), 123-131 (2011).
VIII. G. Li, “Recent advances in coherent optical communication”, Advances in Optics and Photonics, 1(2), 279-307 (2009).
IX. H. L. Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy, and W. P. Ng, “Characterization and performance analysis of a TOAD switch employing a dual control pulse scheme in high speed OTDM demultiplexer”, IEEE Communications Letters, 12(4), 316-318 (2008).
X. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk, and M. Kane, “A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 5(7), 787-790 (1993).
XI. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk, and M. Kane, “A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)”, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, 5(7), 787-789 (1993).
XII. J. P. Sokoloff, I. Glesk, P. R. Prucnal, and R. K. Boneck, “Performance of a 50 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 6(1), 98-100 (1994).
XIII. K. E. Zoiros, J. Vardakas, T. Houbavlis, and M. Moyssidis, “Investigation of SOA-assisted Sagnac recirculating shift register switching characteristics”, International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 116(11), 527-541 (2005). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2005.03.005
XIV. M. Eiselt, W. Pieper, and H. G. Weber, “SLALOM: Semiconductor laser amplifier in a loop mirror”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 13(10), 2099-2112 (1995). 10.1109/50.469721
XV. M Suzuki, H. Uenohara, “Invesigation of all-optical error detection circuitusing SOA-MZI based XOR gates at 10 Gbit/s”, Electron. Lett. 45 (4), (2009).

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Journal Vol – 18 No -5, May 2023

ENERGY CONSERVATION BY NEW ENERGY-EFFICIENT MOTORS AND CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FORECASTS USING STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

Authors:

Murtaza Ali Khooharo, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Ashfaque Ahmed Hashmani

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.05.00003

May 25, 2023

Abstract:

As the most energy-intensive machines on the planet, induction motors are the subject of an ongoing study to increase their effectiveness. In this respect, new energy-efficient motors (NEEMs) are being developed. For increasing energy conservation, motors with efficiencies considerably higher than traditional standard motors (TSMs) and energy-efficient motors (EEMs) have been suggested. NEEMs have the potential to save a significant quantity of energy as well as operating costs. A comparative study is conducted in this paper to show how much energy and cost can be saved if TSMs in various industries in Pakistan are replaced with NEEMs, as well as their payback period. A data sample of 23 motors of different ratings has been collected in this pilot study and 90 percent confidence limits are calculated using a t-distribution. The energy conservation benefits of the NEEMs are found encouraging

Keywords:

Energy-efficient motors,energy conservation,payback,cost saving,energy saving,

Refference:

I. Boglietti, A. Cavagnino, M. Lazzari, and M. Pastorelli, “International standards for the induction motor efficiency evaluation: a critical analysis of the stray-load loss determination,” in 38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003., Oct. 2003, vol. 2, pp. 841–848 vol.2. doi: 10.1109/IAS.2003.1257626.
II. De Almeida, J. Fong, C. U. Brunner, R. Werle, and M. Van Werkhoven, “New technology trends and policy needs in energy efficient motor systems – A major opportunity for energy and carbon savings,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 115, p. 109384, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2019.109384.

III. J. Memon and M. M. Shaikh, “Confidence bounds for energy conservation in electric motors: An economical solution using statistical techniques,” Energy, vol. 109, pp. 592–601, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.014.

IV. T. De Almeida, F. Ferreira, D. ISR, and E. Electrotecnica, “Efficiency testing of electric induction motors,” ISR Dep Eng Electron. Univ. Coimbra Polo, vol. 2, p. 3030, 1997.

V. T. de Almeida, F. J. T. E. Ferreira, and G. Baoming, “Beyond Induction Motors—Technology Trends to Move Up Efficiency,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 2103–2114, May 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2288425.

VI. Energy Efficient Motor Market by Efficiency Level,Type, Application | COVID-19 Impact Analysis | Marketsand Markets TM.” https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/energy-efficient-motor-163.html (accessed Dec. 24, 2021).

VII. Energy-Efficient Motors: Are They Worth the Cost?,” Facilitiesnet. https://www.facilitiesnet.com/powercommunication/article/Energy-Efficient-Motors-Are-They-Worth-the-Cost–9594 (accessed Dec. 24, 2021).

VIII. F. Abrahamsen, F. Blaabjerg, J. K. Pedersen, P. Z. Grabowski, and P. Thogersen, “On the energy optimized control of standard and high-efficiency induction motors in CT and HVAC applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 822–831, Jul. 1998, doi: 10.1109/28.703985.

IX. G. Pellegrino, A. Vagati, B. Boazzo, and P. Guglielmi, “Comparison of Induction and PM Synchronous Motor Drives for EV Application Including Design Examples,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2322–2332, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2012.2227092.

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XI. Motor Comparison: Standard vs. Energy Efficient,” Facilitiesnet. https://www.facilitiesnet.com/powercommunication/article/Motor-Comparison-Standard-vs-Energy-Efficient–9591 (accessed Dec. 24, 2021).

XII. Motor Efficiency – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/motor-efficiency (accessed Sep. 23, 2021).

XIII. Motors and Generators.” https://www.nema.org/standards/view/motors-and-generators (accessed Dec. 24, 2021).
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XVI. NEMA MG 1 Motor and Generators Standard Now Available for Free Digital Download.” https://www.nema.org/news-trends/view/nema-mg-1-motor-and-generators-standard-now-available-for-free-digital-download (accessed Dec. 24, 2021).

XVII. Pakistan Launches First Efficiency Policy for Electric Motors,” CLASP. https://www.clasp.ngo/updates/pakistan-launches-first-efficiency-policy-for-electric-motors/ (accessed Dec. 24, 2021). TECHNICAL NOTE No. 32 IPM TECHNICAL NOTE,” p. 74.

XVIII. R. Mugalimov and A. Mugalimova, “Technology for Reconstruction of traditional induction motors to energy saving variants,” Russ. Internet J. Ind. Eng., no. 1, Art. no. 1, Sep. 2013, doi: 10.24892/RIJIE/20130109.

XIX. R. Turconi, A. Boldrin, and T. Astrup, “Life cycle assessment (LCA) of electricity generation technologies: Overview, comparability and limitations,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 28, pp. 555–565, Dec. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.013.

XX. S. Bolognani, S. Calligaro, R. Petrella, and F. Pogni, “Flux-weakening in IPM motor drives: Comparison of state-of-art algorithms and a novel proposal for controller design,” in Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Aug. 2011, pp. 1–11.

XXI. S. Hu, D. Yan, S. Guo, Y. Cui, and B. Dong, “A survey on energy consumption and energy usage behavior of households and residential building in urban China,” Energy Build., vol. 148, pp. 366–378, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.064.

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XXIII. Z. Wu and X. Xia, “Optimal switching renewable energy system for demand side management,” Sol. Energy, vol. 114, pp. 278–288, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.02.001.

XXIV. Z. Zhang, “Analysis of Reluctance Torque in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines With Fractional Slot Concentrated Windings,” in 2019 4th International Conference on Intelligent Green Building and Smart Grid (IGBSG), Sep. 2019, pp. 158–163. doi: 10.1109/IGBSG.2019.8886289.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -5, May 2023

MIXED CONVECTION ANALYSIS OF HYBRID NANOFLUID IN A LID-DRIVEN CAVITY WITH A HOT BLOCK INSIDE

Authors:

K. Bouaraour, D. Lalmi

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.06.00001

June 29, 2023

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is the investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow around a heated solid block inside a lid-driven cavity filled with hybrid TiO2-Cu/water nanofluid. The considered geometry is a two-dimensional cavity with an aspect ratio of 5. The upper wall translates with uniform velocity Ulid. The solid block attached to the bottom wall of the cavity is maintained at a high temperature compared to the temperature of the upper and lower walls, whereas the other walls are kept insulated. The hybrid nanofluid flow is assumed to be Newtonian, laminar, and incompressible. The effect of the Richardson number is considered by fixing the Reynolds number to 100, and by varying the Grashof number from 102 to 104. Volume fractions for both nanoparticles are varied from 0% to 8%. Results are shown in terms of streamlines, isotherms, and profiles of the average Nusselt number. Numerical results show that clockwise and counterclockwise cells are generated within the rectangular enclosure due to the combined effects of natural and forced convection. Furthermore, increasing the Richardson number from Ri = 0.01 to Ri = 1, which results from an increase in the buoyancy effect, leads to an increase in the Nusselt number of about 4.5%.  Moreover, for each Richardson number, an increase of 8% in nanoparticles volume fraction leads to an enhancement of the heat transfer rate by about 9.8%.

Keywords:

Nanoparticles,Richardson number,rectangular cavity,Nusselt number,

Refference:

I. Aljabair, S., Ekaid, A. L., Hasan ibrahim, S. and Alesbe, I : MIXED CONVECTION IN SINUSOIDAL LID- DRIVEN CAVITY WITH NON-UNIFORM TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION ON THE WALL UTILIZING NANOFLUID. Heliyon 7, e06907, 2021.
II. Bakar, N. A., Karimipour, A. and Roslan, R. : EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD ON MIXED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER IN A LID-DRIVEN SQUARE CAVITY. Journal of Thermodynamics, Article ID 3487182, 2016. 10.1155/2016/3487182.
III. Bakar, N. A., Roslan, R., Karimipour, A. and Hashim, I. : MIXED CONVECTION IN LID-DRIVEN CAVITY WITH INCLINED MAGNETIC FIELD. Sains Malaysiana, 48(2), pp 451–471, 2019. 10.17576/jsm-2019-4802-24.

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VI. Geridonmez, B. P. and Oztop, H. F. : ENTROPY GENERATION DUE TO MAGNETO-CONVECTION OF A HYBRID NANOFLUID IN THE PRESENCE OF A WAVY CONDUCTING WALL. Mathematics, 10(24), 4663, 2022. 10.3390/math10244663.
VII. Goodarzi, M., D’orazio, A., Keshavarzi, A., Mousavi, S. and Karimipour, A. : DEVELOP THE NANO-SCALE METHOD OF LATTICE BOLTZMANN TO PREDICT THE FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER OF AIR IN THE INCLINED LID DRIVEN CAVITY WITH A LARGE HEAT SOURCE INSIDE, TWO CASE STUDIES: PURE NATURAL CONVECTION & MIXED CONVECTION. Physica A, 509, pp 210–233, 2018. 10.1016/j.physa.2018.06.013.
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IX. Karimipour, A., Hemmat esfe, M., Reza Safaei, M., Toghrai, D., Jafari, S. and Kazi, S. N. : MIXED CONVECTION OF COPPER–WATER NANOFLUID IN A SHALLOW INCLINED LID DRIVEN CAVITY USING THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD. Physica A, 402, pp 150–168, 2014. 10.1016/j.physa.2014.01.057.
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XIV. Nahak, P., Triveni, M. K. and Panua, R. : NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MIXED CONVECTION IN A LID-DRIVEN TRIANGULAR CAVITY WITH A CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING ANN MODELING. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 35(4), pp 903-918, 2017. 10.18280/ijht.350427.
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Journal Vol – 18 No -6, June 2023

OPTICAL 4:1 MULTIPLEXER USING SAGNAC SWITCHES

Authors:

Dilip Kumar Gayen, Arunava Bhattacharyya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.06.00002

June 29, 2023

Abstract:

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Optical 4:1 Multiplexer using Sagnac Switches as Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexers (TOADs). Optical multiplexers play a crucial role in modern communication systems by combining multiple signals onto a single optical channel. The proposed multiplexer architecture leverages the benefits of Sagnac Switches, such as low insertion loss, high extinction ratio, and low crosstalk, along with TOADs to achieve efficient signal routing and demultiplexing. The design is evaluated through simulations, demonstrating its performance in terms of insertion loss, extinction ratio, and crosstalk. The experimental validation of the multiplexer verifies its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. The Optical 4:1 Multiplexer using Sagnac Switches as TOADs offers a promising solution for optical communication networks, enabling efficient signal multiplexing and demultiplexing while maintaining high data integrity and low signal degradation.

Keywords:

Optical communication,multiplexer,Sagnac Switches,Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexers (TOADs),signal routing,signal demultiplexing,insertion loss,extinction ratio,crosstalk,optical networks,

Refference:

I. C. S. Pittala, V. Vijay and Reddy, B.N.K. : “1-Bit FinFET Carry Cells for Low Voltage High-Speed Digital Signal Processing Applications”, Silicon 15, 713–724, 2023. 10.1007/s12633-022-02016-8.
II. D. K. Gayen. “Optical Multiplexer”. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-18, No.-03, March (2023) pp 32-42. 10.26782/jmcms.2023.03.00003
III. El-Hageen, Hazem M., Alatwi, Aadel M. and Zaki Rashed, Ahmed Nabih. : “High-speed signal processing and wideband optical semiconductor amplifier in the optical communication systems”, Journal of Optical Communications, pp. 000010151520200070, 2020. 10.1515/joc-2020-0070.
IV. H. Furukawa et al., : “Demonstration of 10 Gbit Ethernet/Optical-Packet Converter for IP Over Optical Packet Switching Network.” Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 27, no. 13, pp. 2379-2380, July 1, 2009. 10.1109/JLT.2008.2010063.
V. I. S. Choi, Jongseon Park, Hoon Jeong, Ji Won Kim, Min Yong Jeon, and Hong-Seok Seo. : “Fabrication of 4 × 1 signal combiner for high-power lasers using hydrofluoric acid,” Opt. Express 26, 30667-30677, 2018. 10.1364/OE.26.030667
VI. J. H. Huh, H. Homma, H. Nakayama and Y. Maeda. : “All optical switching triode based on cross-gain modulation in semiconductor optical amplifier,” Photonics in Switching, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 73-74, 2007.
VII. J. M. Tang, P. S. Spencer, P. Rees and K. A. Shore. : “Pump-power dependence of transparency characteristics in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 1462-1467, Dec. 2000.
VIII. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk and M. Kane. : “A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD),” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 787-790, July 1993.
IX. K. Christodoulopoulos, I. Tomkos and E. Varvarigos. : “Dynamic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based networks,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2011, pp. 1-3 2011.
X. Lei Xu, I. Glesk, V. Baby and P. R. Prucnal. : “All-optical wavelength conversion using SOA at nearly symmetric position in a fiber-based sagnac interferometric loop,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 539-541, Feb. 2004.
XI. M. F. C. Stephens, M. Asghari, R. V. Penty and I. H. White. : “Demonstration of ultrafast all-optical wavelength conversion utilizing birefringence in semiconductor optical amplifiers,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 449-451, April 1997.

XII. N. Bai, Ezra Ip, Yue-Kai Huang, Eduardo Mateo, Fatih Yaman, Ming-Jun Li, Scott Bickham, Sergey Ten, Jesús Liñares, Carlos Montero, Vicente Moreno, Xesús Prieto, Vincent Tse, Kit Man Chung, Alan Pak Tao Lau, Hwa-Yaw Tam, Chao Lu, Yanhua Luo, Gang-Ding Peng, Guifang Li, and Ting Wang. : “Mode-division multiplexed transmission with inline few-mode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Express 20, 2668-2680, 2012.
XIII. S. Soysouvanh, Phongsanam, P., Mitatha, S. et al. : “Ultrafast all-optical ALU operation using a soliton control within the cascaded InGaAsP/InP microring circuits.” Microsyst Technol 25, 431–440, 2019.
XIV. V. M. Menon et al. : “All-optical wavelength conversion using a regrowth-free monolithically integrated Sagnac interferometer,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 254-256, Feb. 2003.
XV. V. Sasikala, Chitra, K. : “All optical switching and associated technologies: a review.” J Opt 47, 307–317, 2018.
XVI. Y. Liu, E. Tangdiongga, Z. Li, Shaoxian Zhang, Huug de Waardt, G. D. Khoe, and H. J. S. Dorren. : “Error-Free All-Optical Wavelength Conversion at 160 Gb/s Using a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and an Optical Bandpass Filter,” J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 230-,2006.
XVII. Y. Xiao, F. Brunet, M. Kanskar, M. Faucher, A. Wetter, and N. Holehouse. : “1-kilowatt CW all-fiber laser oscillator pumped with wavelength-beam-combined diode stacks,” Opt. Express 20, 3296-3301, 2012.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -6, June 2023

GENERAL ANALYTICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR DEFLECTION AND SLOPE OF EULER-BERNOULLI BEAM UNDER DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOADS AND SUPPORTS

Authors:

Imran Ali Panhwar, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, Rabinder Kumar

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.06.00003

June 29, 2023

Abstract:

In this research paper, we solve the Euler-Bernoulli beam (EBB) differential equations by taking the general boundary conditions. Instead of finding a solution for the EBB model for a particular load and its particular boundary conditions, we derive the general analytical solution with general boundary conditions by using techniques of integration. The proposed general analytical solutions are neither load specific nor dependent on specific boundary conditions but can be used for any load and any boundary condition without having to integrate again and again. We have taken a general polynomial load function with general boundary conditions, and get the general analytical solution for the deflection and slope parameters of EBB. We find the direct solution for uniform distributed load and linearly varying load for a fixed beam.

Keywords:

Euler Bernoulli Beam,General analytical solution,Deflection,Slope,

Refference:

I. Barari, A., Kaliji, H. D., Ghadimi, M., & Domairry, G. (2011). : “Non-linear vibration of Euler-Bernoulli beams.” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 8, 139-148. 10.1590/S1679-78252011000200002.
II. Beck, A. T., & da Silva Jr, C. R. (2011). “Timoshenko versus Euler beam theory: Pitfalls of a deterministic approach.” Structural Safety, 33(1), 19-25. 10.1016/j.strusafe.2010.04.006.
III. Bokhari, A. H., Mahomed, F. M., & Zaman, F. D. (2010). “Symmetries and integrability of a fourth-order Euler–Bernoulli beam equation.” Journal of Mathematical Physics, 51(5), 053517. 10.1063/1.3377045.
IV. Di Paola, M., Heuer, R., & Pirrotta, A. (2013). “Fractional visco-elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam.” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 50(22-23), 3505-3510. 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.06.010.

V. Hafeezullah Channa, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh, and Kamran Malik (2022). “GENERAL ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF AN ELASTIC BEAM UNDER VARYING LOADS WITH VALIDATION”, Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 17 (11): 54-62. 10.26782/jmcms.2022.11.00004.
VI. Malik, K., Shaikh, A. W., & Shaikh, M. M. “AN EFFICIENT FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF TIMOSHENKO BEAM MODEL.” Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 16(5):76-88. 10.26782/jmcms.2021.05.00007.
VII. Malik, K., Shaikh, M. M., & Shaikh, A. W (2021). “ON EXACT ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE TIMOSHENKO BEAM MODEL UNDER UNIFORM AND VARIABLE LOADS.” Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 16 (5): 66-75. 10.26782/jmcms.2021.05.00006
VIII. Manoli, C. K., Papatzani, S., & Mouzakis, D. E. (2022). “Exploring the Limits of Euler–Bernoulli Theory in Micromechanics.” Axioms, 11(3), 142. 10.3390/axioms11030142.
IX. Nguyen, N. T., Kim, N. I., & Lee, J. (2015). “Mixed finite element analysis of nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli nanobeams.” Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 106, 65-72. 10.1016/j.finel.2015.07.012.
X. Park, S. K., & Gao, X. L. (2006). “Bernoulli–Euler beam model based on a modified couple stress theory.” Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 16(11), 2355. 10.1088/0960-1317/16/11/015
XI. Pisano, A. A., Fuschi, P., & Polizzotto, C. (2021). “Euler–Bernoulli elastic beam models of Eringen’s differential nonlocal type revisited within a $$\mathbf {C}^{0}-$$ C 0-continuous displacement framework.” Meccanica, 56(9), 2323-2337. doi.org/10.1007/s11012-021-01361-z.
XII. Wang, C. M. (1995). “Timoshenko beam-bending solutions in terms of Euler-Bernoulli solutions.” Journal of engineering mechanics, 121(6), 763-765. 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1995)121:6(763)
XIII. Yavari, A., & Sarkani, S. (2001). “On applications of generalized functions to the analysis of Euler–Bernoulli beam–columns with jump discontinuities.” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 43(6), 1543-1562. 10.1016/S0020-7403(00)00041-2.
XIV. Yu, H., & Yuan, Y. (2014). “Analytical solution for an infinite Euler-Bernoulli beam on a viscoelastic foundation subjected to arbitrary dynamic loads.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 140(3), 542-551. 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.00006
XV. Zamorska, I. (2014). “Solution of differential equation for the Euler-Bernoulli beam.” Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics, 13(4), 157-162. 10.17512/jamcm.2014.4.21
XVI. Zhang, P., Qing, H., & Gao, C. (2019). “Theoretical analysis for static bending of circular Euler–Bernoulli beam using local and Eringen’s nonlocal integral mixed model.” ZAMM‐Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik and Mechanik, 99(8), e201800329. doi.org/10.1002/zamm.201800329.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -6, June 2023

ALL-OPTICAL CARRY SKIP ADDER WITH THE HELP OF TERAHERTZ OPTICAL ASYMMETRIC DEMULTIPLEXER-BASED SWITCH

Authors:

Arunava Bhattachrayya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.06.00004

June 29, 2023

Abstract:

The terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD) or semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-assisted Sagnac switches have been used to construct an all-optical 4-bit carry skip adder. This design aims to satisfy the high speed and accuracy requirements of modern ultrafast digital transmission. Using a combination of an all-optical multiplexer and an all-optical full adder, we describe an all-optical carry skip adder. When compared to ripple carry adder and carry look-ahead adder, carry skip adder may be employed to create a fast arithmetical processing unit. Numerical simulation is used to develop and validate this theoretical model.

Keywords:

Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer,semiconductor optical amplifier,carry skip adder,optical logic,

Refference:

I. A. Bhattachryya, D. K. Gayen. ALL-OPTICAL N-BIT BINARY TO TWO’S COMPLEMENT CONVERTER WITH THE HELP OF SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER-ASSISTED SAGNAC SWITCH. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-1, January (2022) pp 117-125. 10.26782/jmcms.2022.01.00009.
II. D. Cotter, R.J. Manning, K.J. Blow, A.D. Ellis, A.E. Kelly, D. Nesset, I.D. Phillips, A.J. Poustie, D.C. Rogers, “Nonlinear optics for high-speed digital information processing,” Science 286, 1523-1528 (1999).
III. D. K. Gayen and J. N. Roy, “All-optical arithmetic unit with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer-based tree architecture”, Applied Optics, Optical Society of America, 47(7), 933-943 (2008).
IV. D. K. Gayen, T. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Das, J. N. Roy, and R. K. Pal, “All-optical binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversion scheme with the help of semiconductor optical amplifier -assisted sagnac switch”, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, 5(2), 123-131 (2011).
V. D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattacharyya, T. Chattopadhyay, and J. N. Roy, “Ultrafast all-optical half adder using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer”, IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30 (21), 3387-93 (2012).
VI. G. Li, F. Qian, H. Ruan, and L. Liu, “Compact parallel optical modified-signed-digit arithmetic-logic array processor with electron-trapping device,” Applied Optics 38, 5039–5045 (1999).
VII. G. Li, “Recent advances in coherent optical communication”, Advances in Optics and Photonics, 1(2), 279-307 (2009).
VIII. H. J. S. Dorren, M.T. Hill, Y. Liu, E. Tangdiongga, M.K. Smit, G.D. Khoe, “Optical signal processing and telecommunication applications,” Proceedings of the Conference on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications (WD1), on CD-ROM (2005).
IX. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk, and M. Kane, “A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD)”, IEEE Photonic Technology Letters, 5(7), 787-789 (1993).
X. J. P. Sokoloff, I. Glesk, P. R. Prucnal, and R. K. Boneck, “Performance of a 50 Gbit/s optical time domain multiplexed system using a terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 6(1), 98-100 (1994).
XI. J. H. Kim, Y. T. Byun, Y. M. Jhon, S. Lee, D. H. Woo, S. H. Kim, “All-optical half adder using semiconductor optical amplifier based devices,” Optics Communications, 218, 345–349 (2003).
XII. K. E. Zoiros, C. S. Koukourlis, and T. Houbavlis, “Analysis and design of ultrahigh-speed all-optical semiconductor-optical-amplifier-assisted Sagnac recirculating shift register with an inverter”, Optical Engineering, 44(6), 065001-12 (2005).
XIII. K. E. Zoiros, A. Kalaitzi, and C. S. Koukourlis, “Study on the cascadability of a SOA-assisted Sagnac switch pair”, International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 121(13), 1180-1193 (2010).
XIV. K. E. Zoiros, M. Kalyvas, and T. Houbavlis, ‘‘The path towards all-optical packet switching in future broadband networks,’’ Journal of Communication Networking, 2(3), 124–129 (2003).
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XVI. P. Phongsanam, S. Mitatha, C. Teeka, and P. P. Yupapin, “All-optical half-adder / half-subtractor using dark bright soliton conversion control”, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53(7), 1541-1544 (2011).
XVII. R. P. Webb, R.J. Manning, X. Yang, R. Giller, “All-optical 40Gb/s XOR gate with dual ultrafast nonlinear interferometers,” Electronics Letters, 41, 1396-1397 (2005).
XVIII. S. K. Garai, ‘A novel all-optical frequency encoded method to develop Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) using semiconductor optical amplifiers’, Journal Of Light wave Technology, 29(23), 3506-3514, (2011).
XIX. Y. Liu, E. Tangdiongga, Z. Li, S. Zhang, H. de Waardt, G.D. Khoe, H.J.S. Dorren, “Error-free all-optical wavelength conversion at 160Gbit/s using a semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical bandpass filter,” Jounal of Lightwave Technology 24, 230-236 (2006).

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Journal Vol – 18 No -6, June 2023