Archive

Abstract:

As indicated by Breast Cancer Research, Breast malignancy is the disease most unmistakable in the female populace of the world. According to the clinical specialists, identifying this malignant growth in its beginning time helps in sparing lives. The site cancer.net offers individualized aides for more than 120 sorts of malignancy and related innate disorders. For visualization of bosom malignant growth through innovation, AI strategies are, for the most part, favored. In this structure, an adaptable group AI calculation by surveying among different strategies is proposed for the conclusion of bosom disease. Reports utilizing the Wisconsin Breast Cancer database is utilized. The point of this system is to analyze and clarify how ANN and calculated relapse calculation together gives a superior answer to identify Breast malignancy even though the factors are diminished. This procedure demonstrates that the neural system is additionally compelling for necessary human information. We can do pre-finding with no uncommon therapeutic learning.

Keywords:

Artifical Neural Network,Convolutional Networks,Machine Learning,Support Vector Machine,

Refference:

I. AlirezaOsarech, BitaShadgar,”A Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Breast
Cancer”,International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 2, March
2011.
II. B. Krawczyk, M. Galar, L.Jelen, F.Herrera (2016), “Evolutionary undersampling
boosting for imbalanced classification of breast cancer malignancy”, Article in
Applied soft computing, Elsevier B.V., pp 1-14.
III. Breast Cancer Detection Using K-Nearest Neighbor Machine Learning Algorithm
by M.R.Al- Hadidi, A. Alarabeyyat and M. Alhanahnah.
IV. Breast cancer mass localization based on machine learning by A. Qasem et al
V. Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Imbalanced Learning and Ensemble Method.
Author : Tongan Cai, Hongliang He , Wenyu Zhang
VI. Biopsy-guided learning with deep convolutional neural networks for Prostate
Cancer detection on multiparametric MRI by Yohannes Tsehaya, Nathan Laya,
Xiaosong Wanga, Jin Tae Kwaka, Baris Turkbeyb, Peter Choykeb, Peter Pintob,
Brad Woodc, and Ronald M. Summersa.
VII. Cao, D.S., Xu, Q. S., Liang, Y.Z., Zhang, L.X., Li, H.-D. (2010), “The boosting:
A new idea of building models”, Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory
Systems, Vol.4, pp 1-11.
VIII. Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection
and Diagnosis by Dana Bazazeh and Raed Shubair

IX. Dongdong Sun , Minghui Wang and Huanqing Feng, “Prognosis prediction of
human breast cancer by integrating deep neural network and support vector
machine: Supervised feature extraction and classification for breast cancer
prognosis prediction”, 978-1-5386-1937- 7/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE.
X. Ebrahim Edriss Ebrahim Ali1 , Wu Zhi Feng2- “Breast Cancer Classification
using Support Vector Machine and Neural Network”– International Journal of
Scienceand Research(IJSR) Volume 5 Issue 3, March 2016.
XI. García, F. Herrera (2009), “Evolutionary undersampling for classification with
imbalanced datasets: proposals and taxonomy”, Evol. Computing, Vol.17, pp
275–306.
XII. Haifeng Wang and Sang Won Yoon – Breast Cancer Prediction using Data
Mining Method, IEEE Conference paper.
XIII. Ismail Saritas, “Prediction of Breast Cancer Using Artificial Neural Networks”,
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.
XIV. J. Huang, C.X. Ling (2005), “Using AUC and accuracy in evaluating learning
algorithms”, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., Vol. 17(3), pp 299–310.
XV. M. Galar, A. Fernández, E. Barrenechea, H. Bustince, F. Herrera (2012), “A
review on ensembles for the class imbalance problem: bagging-, boosting-, and
hybrid based approaches”, IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybern. C: Appl. Rev., Vol.
42 (4), pp 463–484.
XVI. Rejani YIA, Selvi ST (2009) Early detection of breast cancer using SVM
classifier technique. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering
1(3):127-130.
XVII. R.W. Scarff, H. Torloni (1968), “Histological typing of breast tumors”,
International histological classification of tumours, World Health Organization,
Vol. 2 (2), pp 13–20.

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Abstract:

Routing is the most widely seen in many wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Some networks work routinely on single path and this is limited. Many issues are identified in routing in WSN such as traffic, malicious nodes, etc. In this paper, the new enhanced threshold-based policy (BP-T) and a heuristic policy, which seriously controls traffic bifurcations at overlay focused. This will reduce the traffic and find the optimal with multiple routing can be identified. Results show the performance of the proposed system.

Keywords:

Wireless sensor network,routing,BPT,OBP,

Refference:

I. D. Xu, et.al, “Link-state routing with hop-by-hop forwarding can achieve
optimal traffic engineering” IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 19, no. 6, pp.
1717–1730, Dec. 2011.
II. J. Han, et.al, “Topology aware overlay networks,” in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM,
Mar. 2005, pp. 25542565.
III. K. Kondaveti, T. K. Latha and Md. Amanatulla, “Data Integrity and Delay
Differentiated Services with Dynamic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks”,
IJDCST @ Jan,-2017,Issue-V-5,I-1,SW-12.
IV. L. Bui, et.al, “Novel architectures and algorithms for delay reduction in backpressure
scheduling and routing”, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Apr. 2009, pp.
2936–2940.
V. L. L. Peterson et.al “Computer Networks: A Systems Approach”, 4th ed. San
Francisco, CA, USA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2007.
VI. M. J. Neely, et.al, “Dynamic power allocation and routing for time-varying
wireless networks” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 89–103,
Jan. 2005.
VII. Rai, C.-P, et.al “Loop-free backpressure routing using link-reversal
algorithms”, IEEE/ACM Trans. Net., vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 2988–3002, Oct.
2017.
VIII. S. A. Khan et.al, “Performance Analysis of a ZigBee Beacon Enable Cluster
Tree Network”, Proc. Int l Conf. Electrical Eng. (ICEE), Apr.
IX. W. Khan, L, et.al, “Autonomous routing algorithms for networks with widespread
failures” in Proc. IEEE MILCOM, Oct. 2009, pp. 1–6.
X. Yu-Kai Huang, et.al, “Distributed Throughput Optimization for ZigBee
Cluster-Tree Network”, IEEE Trans. Paral. Distr. Syst., vol. 23, no. 3, pp.
513-520, Mar. 2012.

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Abstract:

This article outlines the theoretical, methodological and practical problems of analysis and synthesis of complex systems. The static or dynamic property of a system can be evaluated when the system structure is known, and all its parameters are specified. The objective of system analysis is to find an exact analytical or approximate solution of equations based on a corresponding mathematical model, as well as its further research. Theoretical conclusions and results have allowed to build mathematical models applicable to the management of objects with different principles of operation, in particular, to the management of complex technical and technological objects that can be represented as nonlinear dynamic systems. Nonlinear dynamic integral models are deemed appropriate to study and design such systems in some critical application.

Keywords:

technical systems,engineering systems,mathematical models,management,system analysis,complex system,

Refference:

I. A.A. Denisov, Modern problems of system analysis: Information bases
(Publishing house of St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 2005).
II. A.A. Kolesnikov, Synergetic methods of control of complex systems: theory
of system synthesis (KomKniga, Moscow, 2006)
III. A.V. Panteleev, A.S. Bartacovsky, E.A. Rudenko, Nonlinear control
systems: description, analysis and synthesis (High school book, Moscow,
2008)
IV. I.Yu. Tyukin, V.A. Terekhov, Adaptation in nonlinear dynamical
systems(LKI, Moscow, 2008)
V. V.G. Fetisov, I.V. Fetisov, I.I. Paninа, Some open questions of synthesis of
systems containing Hλ-operators (Scientific and technical Bulletin of the
Volga region, Kazan, 2013. – № 6. – P. 469–473)
VI. V.G. Fetisov, V.I. Filippenko, O.I. Okhrimenko, Qualitative and
quantitative methods of system analysis (FGBOU HPE «JURUES»,
Shakhty, 2011).
VII. V.G. Fetisov, I.I. Paninа,Classification of the main types of systems based
on their degree of complexity (Actual problems of technique and
technology, Shakhty, 2013).
VIII. V.G. Fetisov, O.I. Okhrimenko, I.I. Paninа,Selected chapters of modern
control theory with applications (ISOiP (branch) of the DSTU, Shakhty,
2015).

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Abstract:

In present days, low power Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuit assumes a significant job in structuring effective vitality sparing electronic frameworks for rapid execution. In this, low power utilization one of the most significant criteria in different gadgets like cell phones, workstations, High-speed work stations, and so on. FinFETs area unit multi-door transistors that supply higher entry direct management is very little component advancements. They show higher and lower spillage contrasted with the Complementary metal oxide semiconductor planar. As appeared in Figure one, the door is created of a slim balance that associates the availability of the channel on to form the avenue. The avenue is middle between 2 facet entryways on 2 inverse sides. the weather of the door area unit calculable through the entry length, chemical compound thickness, balance dimension, and balance tallness. The activity of the FinFET semiconductor unit is basically similar because of the CMOS planate. In this paper, an SR Latch utilizing eight transistors has been proposed. The proposed SR Latch is planned to utilize the CADENCE EDA apparatus and re-enacted utilizing the Specter Virtuoso at FinFET 18 nm innovation. The proposed outcomes as far as power, area, and delay from table3, table4, table5, and table6.

Keywords:

Low power,delay,area,FinFET SR Latch,FinFET NAND gate,DSP,VLSI,

Refference:

I. Alshraiedeh and A. Kodi An adaptive routing algorithm to improve
lifetime reliability in NoCs architecture, IEEE International Symposium
on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems
(DFT) (2016), pp. 127–130.
II. Amulya Boyina, K. Praveen Kumar “Active Coplanar Wave guide Fed
Switchable Multimode Antenna Design and Analysis” Journal Of
Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences (JMCMS), Vol.-
14, No.-4, July-August (2019) pp 188-196.
III. Azizi, M. M. Khellah, V. K. De & F. N. Najm, Variations aware lowpower
design and block clustering with voltage scaling. IEEE Trans. Very
Large Scale Integr. Syst. 15, 746 (2007).
IV. Bahadori, M. Kamal, A. Afzali-Kusha & M. Pedram, A comparative study
on performance and reliability of 32-bit binary adders. Integr. VLSI J. 53,
54 (2016).
V. C. Catanzaro, K. Asanovic, D. A. Patterson, and K. A. Yelick, The
landscape of parallel computing research: A view from berkeley. EECS
Dep. Univ. Calif. Berkeley Tech. Rep. UCBEECS2006183 18, 19 (2006).

VI. Chen, A. Shafaei, Y. Wang, S. Chen, and M. Pedram, Maximizing the
performance of NoC-based MPSoCs under total power and power density
constraints, 17th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
(ISQED) (2016), pp. 49–56.
VII. Dousti, Q. Xie, X. Lin, Y. Wang, A. Shafaei, M. Ghasemi-Gol, and M.
Pedram, 5 nm FinFET standard cell library optimization and circuit
synthesis in near-and super-threshold voltage regimes, 2014 IEEE
Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (2014), pp. 424–429.
VIII. G. Friedman, K. Xu, R. Patel and P. Raghavan, Exploratory design of onchip
power delivery for 14, 10, and 7 nm and beyond FinFET ICs.
Integration 61, 11 (2018).
IX. Hwang, Y. Li, S. Member, and T. Li, Process-variation effect, metal-gate
work-function fluctuation, and random-dopant fluctuation in emerging
CMOS technologies. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 57, 437 (2010).
X. J. R. Ferreira, Analysis of many-core CPUs simulators. Tech. Rep.,
Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, pp. 1–10.
XI. K Satish Reddy a, K Praveen Kumar, Habibulla Khan, Harswaroop Vaish
“Measuring the surface properties of a Novel 3-D Artificial Magnetic
Material” 2nd International Conference on Nanomaterials and
Technologies (CNT 2014), Elsevier Procedia material Science.
XII. K.Praveen Kumar, “Design of 3D EBG for L band Applications” IEEE
International conference on communication technology ICCT-April-2015.
Noor Ul Islam University Tamilnadu.
XIII. K.Praveen Kumar, “Effect of 2DEBG structure on Monopole Antenna
Radiation and Analysis of It’s characteristics” IEEE International
conference on communication technology ICCT-April-2015. Noor Ul
Islam University Tamilnadu.
XIV. K.Praveen Kumar, “Mutual Coupling Reduction between antenna
elements using 3DEBG” IEEE International conference on
communication technology ICCT-April-2015. Noor Ul Islam University
Tamilnadu.
XV. K.Praveen Kumar, “The surface properties of TMMD-HIS material; A
measurement” IEEE International conference on communication
technology ICCT-April-2015. Noor Ul Islam University Tamilnadu.
XVI. K.Praveen Kumar, “Active Switchable Band-Notched UWB Patch
Antenna”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019.
XVII. K.Praveen Kumar, “Circularly Polarization of Edge-Fed Square Patch
Antenna using Truncated Technique for WLAN Applications”,
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019.

XVIII. K.Praveen Kumar, “Triple Band Edge Feed Patch Antenna; Design and
Analysis”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019.
XIX. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr Habibulla Khan ” Surface wave suppression band,
In phase reflection band and High Impedance region of 3DEBG
Characterization” International journal of applied engineering research
(IJAER), Vol 10, No 11, 2015.
XX. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr Habibulla Khan ” The surface properties of
TMMD-HIS material; a measurement” IEEE International conferance on
electrical, electronics, signals, communication & optimization EESCO –
January 2015.
XXI. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr. Habibulla Khan ” Active progressive stacked
electromagnetic band gap structure (APSEBG) structure design for low
profile steerable antenna applications” International Conference on
Contemporary engineering and technology 2018 (ICCET-2018) March 10
– 11, 2018. Prince Shri Venkateshwara Padmavathy Engineering College,
Chennai.
XXII. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr. Habibulla Khan “Active PSEBG structure design
for low profile steerable antenna applications” Journal of advanced
research in dynamical and control systems, Vol-10, Special issue-03,
2018.
XXIII. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr. Habibulla Khan “Optimization of EBG structure
for mutual coupling reduction in antenna arrays; a comparitive study”
International Journal of engineering and technology, Vol-7, No-3.6,
Special issue-06, 2018.
XXIV. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr. Habibulla Khan “Optimization of EBG structures
for Mutual coupling reduction in antenna arrays; A comparative study”
International Conference on Contemporary engineering and technology
2018 (ICCET-2018) March 10 – 11, 2018. Prince Shri Venkateshwara
Padmavathy Engineering College, Chennai.
XXV. K.Praveen Kumar, Dr. Habibulla Khan, “Design and characterization of
Optimized stacked electromagnetic band gap ground plane for low profile
patch antennas” International journal of pure and applied mathematics,
Vol 118, No. 20, 2018, 4765-4776.
XXVI. K.Praveen Kumar, Kumaraswamy Gajula “Fractal Array antenna Design
for C-Band Applications”, International Journal of Innovative Technology
and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019.
XXVII. Kumaraswami Gajula, Amulya Boyina, K. Praveen Kumar “Active Quad
band Antenna Design for Wireless Medical and Satellite Communication
Applications” Journal Of Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical
Sciences (JMCMS), Vol.-14, No.-4, July-August (2019) pp 239-252.

XXVIII. Lim, H. Kim, H. Oh, and S. Kang, Dynamic voltage frequency scalingaware
refresh management for 3D DRAM over processor architecture.
Electron. Lett. 53, 910 (2017).
XXIX. Liu, R. Kim, P. Wettin, R. Marculescu, D. Marculescu, and P. P. Pande,
Energy-efficient VFI-partitioned multicore design using wireless NoC
architectures, Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on
Compilers, Architecture and Synthesis for Embedded Systems-CASES
’14 (2014), pp. 1–9.
XXX. M. E. Salehi and H. Nejatollahi Voltage scaling & dark silicon in
symmetric multicore processors. J. Supercomput. 71, 3958 (2015).
XXXI. N. S. Kim, S. K. Khatamifard, M. Resch & U. R. Karpuzcu, VARIUS-TC:
A modular architecture-level model of parametric variation for thinchannel
switches. Proc. 34th IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Des. ICCD 2016
(2016), pp.654–661.
XXXII. Navi, A. Arasteh, M. Hossein Moaiyeri, M. Taheri, and N. Bagherzadeh,
An energy and area efficient 4:2 compressor based on FinFETs. Integr.
VLSI J. 60, 224 (2018).
XXXIII. Nejatollahi, M. Ersali, and S. Nasab, Reliability-aware voltage scaling of
multicore processors in dark silicon era. Big Data and HPC: Advances in
Parallel Computing Ecosystem and Convergence (2018), Vol. 33, pp.242–
262.
XXXIV. S. S. Majzoub, R. A. Saleh, S. J. E. Wilton & R. K. Ward, Energy
optimization for many-core platforms: Communication and PVT aware
voltage-island formation and voltage selection algorithm. IEEE Trans.
Comput. Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 29, 816 (2010).
XXXV. Singh, B. S. Reniwal, V. Vijayvargiya, V. Sharma & S. K. Vishvakarma,
Ultra low power-high stability, positive feedback controlled (PFC) 10T
SRAM cell for look up table (LUT) design. Integration 62, 1 (2018).
XXXVI. Stamelakos, S. Xydis, G. Palermo, and C. Silvano, Workload- and
process-variation aware voltage/frequency tuning for energy efficient
performance sustainability of NTC manycores. Integration (2018), In
Press.
XXXVII. Stillmaker and B. Baas, Scaling equations for the accurate prediction of
CMOS device performance from 180 nm to 7 nm. Integration 58, 74
(2017).
XXXVIII. T. Cui, J. Li, Y. Wang, S. Nazarian & M. Pedram, “An exploration of
applying gate-length-biasing techniques to deeply-scaled FinFETs
operating in multiple voltage regimes”, IEEE Transi. Emer. Top. Compu.
six, 172 (2018).
XXXIX. Uddin, R. Poss, and C. Jesshope, Cache-based high-level simulation of
microthreaded many-core architectures. J. Syst. Archit. 60, 529 (2014).

XL. Venkateswar Rao, Praveen Kumar Kancherla, Sunita Panda “Multiband
slotted Elliptical printed Antenna Design and Analysis” Journal Of
Mechanics Of Continua And Mathematical Sciences (JMCMS), Vol.-14,
No.-4, July-August (2019) pp 378-386.
XLI. W. Jose, A. R. Silva, H. Neto, & M. Vestias, Modeling and simulation of
a many-core architecture using systemC. Conf. Electron. Telecommun.
Comput. 17, 146 (2014).
XLII. X. Lin, Y. Wang, & M. Pedram, Joint sizing and adaptive independent
gate control for FinFET circuits operating in multiple voltage regimes
using the logical effort method, 2013 IEEE/ACM International
Conference on Computer-Aided Design (ICCAD), (2013), pp. 444–449.
XLIII. Z. Hao, S. X.-D. Tan, and G. Shi, Statistical full-chip total power
estimation considering spatially correlated process variations. Integr.
VLSI J. 46, 80 (2013).

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Abstract:

The main intention of this paper was to deliver some of the distinctive features of the Vlasov equation and Landau damping from the perspective of mathematical physics. The main thrust can be reviewed as; Vlasov equation is understood from the origin point of view. The mean field is limit of the classical Nbody problem, is depicted in pure mathematical and also statistical guidelines. We also axiomatically concluded that the Vlasov equation is completely justified as one major source that led to numeral of open problems in mathematical physics: either from molecular chaos to the problems of kinetic theory. We have delivered the mathematics of the Vlasov equations: particularly the traditional partial differential equation analysis in the functional spaces. The problem is observed to be converted as a general transport equation and relaying on the well-posedness of the equation and preserving the transport structure the Vlasov equation is solved for pivotal analytic solutions and compared with the computational solution obtained using solver codes. The analysis of the Vlasov-Poisson equation and its qualitative properties and are focused on the mathematical aspects. In this paper Landau damping is identified numerically for 1D model of non relativistic Vlasov equation.

Keywords:

Vlasov equation,Landau dampin,functional spaces,Semi Lagrangian Schemes,

Refference:

I. Biskamp. D, “Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence”,
doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535222, 2003.
II. Blaisdell, G. A,“Review of “Implicit Large Eddy Simulation: Computing
Turbulent Fluid Dynamics””, AIAA Journal, 46(12), 3168-3170.
doi:10.2514/1.40931, 2008.
III. Braun. W.&Hepp. K,“TheVlasov dynamics and its fluctuations in the 1/N
limit of interacting classical particles”, Communications in Mathematical
Physics, 56(2), 101-113. doi:10.1007/bf01611497, 1977.
IV. Dafermos. C. M & Feireisl. E, Handbook of differential equations:
evolutionary equations Boston: Elsevier, 2004.
V. Degond. P,“Spectral theory of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson
equation”, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 294(2), 435-
435. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1986-0825714-8, 1986.
VI. Derfler. H & Simonen, T. C,“Landau Waves: An Experimental
Fact”, Physical Review Letters, 17(4), 172-175.
doi:10.1103/physrevlett.17.172, 1966.
VII. Elskens. Y, “Irreversible behaviors in Vlasov equation and many-body
Hamiltonian dynamics: Landau damping, chaos and granularity”, Topics in
Kinetic Theory, 89-108. doi:10.1090/fic/046/03, 2005.

VIII. Glassey. R & Schaeffer. J,“On time decay rates in landau
damping”, Communications in Partial Differential Equations, 20(3-4), 647-
676. doi:10.1080/03605309508821107, 1995.
IX. Glassey. R & Schaeffer. J, “Time decay for solutions to the linearized Vlasov
equation”, TransportTheory and Statistical Physics, 23(4), 411-453.
doi:10.1080/00411459408203873, 1994.
X. Horst. E,“On the asymptotic growth of the solutions of the vlasov-poisson
system”, Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 16(2), 75-85.
doi:10.1002/mma.1670160202, 1993.
XI. Horst. E. & Neunzert. H, “On the classical solutions of the initial value
problem for the unmodified non-linear Vlasov equation I general theory”,
Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 3(1), 229-248.
doi:10.1002/mma.1670030117, 1981.
XII. Ng. K. Y & Landau damping. doi:10.2172/1002000, 2010.
XIII. Pfaffelmoser. K,“Global classical solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system in
three dimensions for general initial data”, Journal of Differential
Equations, 95(2), 281-303. doi:10.1016/0022-0396(92)90033-j, 1992.
XIV. Robert. R, Statistical Mechanics and Hydrodynamical
Turbulence. Proceedings of the International Congress of
Mathematicians, 1523-1531. doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9078-6_85, 1995.
XV. Ryutov. D. D,“Landau damping: half a century with the great discovery”,
Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 41(3A). doi:10.1088/0741-
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XVI. Vlasov. A. A,“The Vibrational Properties of an Electron Gas”, Soviet Physics
Uspekhi, 10(6), 721-733. doi:10.1070/pu1968v010n06abeh003709, 1968.

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Abstract:

Machines with intermittent movement of working body are widely used in industry. Currently, mechanisms with unilateral constraints or variable structures are used as actuators of such machines. Output link stops in most mechanisms are provided by periodic rupture of the kinematic connection between the links. This disadvantage limits the use of these mechanisms in high speed machines, since impacts occur at the end or beginning of the motion phase. So, there is a relevant task to create, analyze and effectively put into practice intermittent motion mechanisms (IMMs) in which during operation the kinematic constraint between the links is not broken. The author proposes and analyzes planetary trains, which include modified elliptical wheels. The variable transfer function of a non-circular wheel pair and certain dimensions of the mechanism links make it possible to obtain required motion function. The kinematics of the proposed IMMs is analyzed, as a result of which the functions of the angle of rotation and the analogue of the output shaft angular velocity are found and constructed. Created mechanisms due to the use of gears perform reliability and compactness with the possibility of transferring great forces, and they can find application in metalworking machinery, automatic lines, robotics, transporters.

Keywords:

Rotational motion,Intermittent motion,Elliptical gearwheels,Planetary mechanism,Kinematic analysis,Angular velocity,

Refference:

I. AnI. K., “Synthesis, geometric and strength calculations of rotor
hydromachines planetary mechanisms with non-circular gears”, Doctor
thesis, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 2001
II. ArtobolevskiI. I., “Mechanisms in modern engineering design”, MIR
Press, Moscow, USSR, 1986.
III. BickfordJ. H., “Mechanisms for intermittent motion”, Industrial Press
Inc., New York, USA, 1972.
IV. ChangZ., XuC., PanT., WangL., ZhangX., “A general framework for
geometry design of indexing cam mechanism”, Mechanismand Machine
Theory, Volume: 44, Pages: 2079 – 2084, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2009.05.010
V. CoxeterH.S.M., “Introduction to Geometry”, Wiley Publishing House.
New York, USA, 1969.
VI. Dooner D. B., Palermo A., Mundo D., “An intermittent motion
mechanism incorporating a Geneva wheel and a gear train”, Transactions
of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, Volume: 38(3),
Pages: 359 – 372. 2014, https://doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2014-0026

VII. DoonerD. B., “Use of noncircular gears to reduce torque and speed
fluctuations in rotating shafts”, Journal of Mechanical Design, Volume:
119(2), Pages: 299 – 306. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2826251
VIII. FiglioliniG., AngelesJ., “Synthesis of conjugate Geneva mechanisms
with curved slots”, Mechanismand Machine Theory, Volume: 37, Pages:
1043 – 1061, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-114X(02)00062-9
IX. FiglioliniG., ReaP., AngelesJ., “The pure-rolling cam-equivalent of the
Geneva mechanism”, Mechanismand Machine Theory, Volume: 41,
Pages: 1320 – 1335, 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2006.01.002
X. FreudensteinF., Chen C. K., “Variable-ratio chain drives with noncircular
sprockets and minimum slack-theory and application”, Journal of
Mechanical Design, Volume: 113(3), Pages: 253 – 262, 1991.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2912777
XI. HanJ. Y., “Complete balancing of the shaking moment in spatial linkages
by adding planar noncircular gears”,Archive of Applied Mechanics.
Volume: 67(1-2), Pages: 44 – 49. 1997.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00787138
XII. KozhevnikovS. N., EsipenkoY. I., RaskinY. M., “Mechanisms”,
Mechanical Engineering Press, Moscow, USSR, 1976.
XIII. LeeJ. J., JanB. H., “Design of Geneva mechanisms with curved slots for
non-undercutting manufacturing”, Mechanismand Machine Theory,
Volume: 44, Pages: 1192 – 1200, 2009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2008.09.003
XIV. LevitskiyN.I., “Theory of mechanisms and machines”, Nauka Press.
Moscow, USSR, 1979
XV. LinC., XiaX., LiP., “Geometric design and kinematics analysis of
coplanar double internal meshing non-circular planetary gear train”,
Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Volume: 10(12), Pages 27 – 35.
2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814018818910
XVI. LitvinF.L., FuentesA., “Gear geometry and applied theory”,Cambridge
University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2004.
XVII. LitvinF. L., Gonzalez-PerezI., FuentesA., HayasakaK., “Design and
investigation of gear drives with non-circular gears applied for speed
variation and generation of functions”, Computer Methods in Applied
Mechanics and Engineering. Volume: 197, Pages: 3783 – 3802. 2008.
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a mixing device with swinging movement of the actuating
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converting rotational motion into reciprocating rotational motion”,
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Abstract:

Glaucoma is a visual disorder, which is one of the significant driving reason for visual impairment. Glaucoma leads to frustrate the visual information transmission to the brain. Dissimilar to further eye diseases such as myopia and cataracts, the influence of glaucoma can’t be cured; however, the disease ranked as 2􀯡􀯗 driving reason for blindness according to the organization of the health world. Among eye sickness anticipated to influence around 80 million individuals by 2020. Raising the fluid pressure well-known by intraocular pressure (IOP) is the prime cause of Glaucoma disorder .Diagnoses of glaucoma could be achieved through observing the adjustment in the structure of Optic Nerve Head (ONH) to get its features. The proposed methodology suggests to extract region of Interest (ROI) and blurred its red band to enable the segmentation of Optic Disc(OD); followed by inpainting blood vessels stage to facilitate the work of the next stage, which was segmentation of the Optic Cup(OC), the accuracy rate, sensitivity and specificity for detection OD segmentation was 94.7549%, 95.058%, and 95.93%, respectively. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity for OC segmentation 94.3254%, 0.7877%, 0.9848% respectively.

Keywords:

Optic Disc,Optic Cup,Drishti_GS,Retinal fundus,Glaucoma Diagnosis,

Refference:

I. Bhat SH, Kumar P. Segmentation of Optic Disc by Localized Active
Contour Model in Retinal Fundus Image. Smart Innovations in
Communication and Computational Sciences: Springer; 2019. p. 35-44.
II. Eladawi N, ElTanboly A, Elmogy M, Ghazal M, Fraiwan L, Aboelfetouh
A, et al., editors. Diabetic Retinopathy Early Detection Based on OCT
and OCTA Feature Fusion. 2019 IEEE 16th International Symposium on
Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2019); 2019: IEEE.
III. Guo Y, Zou B, Chen Z, He Q, Liu Q, Zhao R. Optic cup segmentation
using large pixel patch based CNNs. 2016. Available from:
https://ir.uiowa.edu/omia/2016_Proceedings/2016/17/ DOI:
10.17077/omia.1056
IV. Ho H, Tham Y-C, Chee ML, Shi Y, Tan NY, Wong K-H, et al. Retinal
nerve fiber layer thickness in a multiethnic normal Asian population: the
Singapore epidemiology of eye diseases study. 2019;126(5):702-711.
V. Jonas JB, Bergua A, Schmitz–Valckenberg P, Papastathopoulos KI,
Budde WMJIO, Science V. Ranking of optic disc variables for detection
of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. 2000;41(7):1764-1773.
VI. Lindeberg T, Li M-XJCV, Understanding I. Segmentation and
classification of edges using minimum description length approximation
and complementary junction cues. 1997;67(1):88-98.
VII. Stein SK, Barcellos A. Calculus and analytic geometry: McGraw-Hill
New York; 1992.
VIII. Sivaswamy J, Krishnadas S, Joshi GD, Jain M, Tabish AUS, editors.
Drishti-gs: Retinal image dataset for optic nerve head (onh)
segmentation. 2014 IEEE 11th international symposium on biomedical
imaging (ISBI); 2014: IEEE.
IX. Spaeth GL, Henderer J, Liu C, Kesen M, Altangerel U, Bayer A, et al.
The disc damage likelihood scale: reproducibility of a new method of
estimating the amount of optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma.
2002;100:181.
X. Suha Dh. Athab NHS. Localization of Optic Disc in Retinal Fundus
Image Using Appearance Based Method and Vasculature Convergence.
IJS. 2020;61(1).

XI. Thakur N, Juneja MJESwA. Optic disc and optic cup segmentation from
retinal images using hybrid approach. 2019;127:308-322.
XII. Weinreb RN, Bowd C, Moghimi S, Tafreshi A, Rausch S, Zangwill LM.
Ophthalmic Diagnostic Imaging: Glaucoma. High Resolution Imaging in
Microscopy and Ophthalmology: Springer; 2019. p. 107-134.
XIII. Xue L-Y, Lin J-W, Cao X-R, Zheng S-H, Yu LJJoC. Optic Disk
Detection and Segmentation for Retinal Images Using Saliency Model
Based on Clustering. 2018;29(5):66-79.
XIV. Yin F, Liu J, Wong DWK, Tan NM, Cheung C, Baskaran M, et al.,
editors. Automated segmentation of optic disc and optic cup in fundus
images for glaucoma diagnosis. 2012 25th IEEE international symposium
on computer-based medical systems (CBMS); 2012: IEEE.
XV. Yu D-Y, Cringle SJ, Morgan WH. Glaucoma Related Ocular Structure
and Function. Medical Treatment of Glaucoma: Springer; 2019. p. 1-31.

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Abstract:

Segmentation has vital employment in regression analysis where data have some change point. Traditional estimation methods such as Hudson, D.J.;(1966) and Muggeo, V. M., (2003)have been reviewed. But these methods do not take into account robustness in the presence of outliers values. However, third method was used as rank-based method, where the analysis will be devoted to the ranks of data instead of the data themselves. Our contribution in this paper is to use M-estimator methodology with three distinct weight functions (Huber, Tukey, and Hampel) which has been combined with Muggeo version approach to gain more robustness, Thus we get robust estimates from the change point and regression parameters simultaneously. We call our new estimator as robust Iterative Rewrighted Mestimator: IRWm-method with respect to its own weight function. Our primary interest is to estimate the change point that joins the segments of regression curve, and our secondary interest is to estimate the parameters of segmented regression model. The real data set were used which concerned to bed-loaded transport as dependent variable (y) and discharge explanatory variable (x). The comparison has been conducted by using several criteria to select the most appropriate method for estimating the change point and the regression parameters. The superior results were marked for IRWm-estimator with respect to Tukey weight function.

Keywords:

Segmented regression,change point,rank-based estimator,iterative reweighted least squares,M-estimator,

Refference:

I. Almetwally, E.M., Almongy, H.M., (2018).”Comparison Between Mestimation,
S-estimation, And MM Estimation Methods of Robust Estimation
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procedures”. Talanta;531–537.
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Technical Report, No. 7, Department of Navy, Office of Naval Research,
Contract No. Nonr-401(39), Project No. NR 042-212, BU-135-M(1):1–10.
IV. Das, R.,Banerjee, M.,Nan, B. and Zheng, H., (2015).”Fast estimation of
regression parameters in a broken-stick model for longitudinal data”. Journal
of the American Statistical
Association,http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2015.1073154.
V. Fasola, S. ,Muggeo,V.M.R. and Küchenhoff,H.,(2017).”A heuristic, iterative
algorithm for change-point detection in abrupt change models”.
Computational Statistics,Vol.33, Issue 2,pp 997-1015.

VI. Greene, M.E. ,Rolfson, O., Garellick, G., Gordon, M. and Nemes, S. , (2014).
“Improved statistical analysis of pre- and post-treatment patient-reported
outcome measures (PROMs) the applicability of piecewise linear regression
splines”. Quality of Life Research, Vol.24,Issue3,pp.567–573.
VII. Hettmansperger, T., McKean, J.W., (2011).”Robust Nonparametric Statistical
Methods”. 2nd Ed. New York, Chapman.
VIII. Hudson, D.J.,(1966).”Fitting Segmented Curves Whose Join Points Have to
be Estimated” . Journal of the American Statistical Association , Vol. 61, No.
316, pp.(1097-1129).
IX. Jaeckel, L. A., (1972).”Estimating regression coefficients by minimizing the
dispersion of the residuals”. The Annals of Mathematical
Statistics,Vol.43,No.5, pp1449–1458.
X. Jureckova, J., (1971).”Nonparametric estimate of regression coefficients”.
The Annals of Mathematical Statistics,Vol.42,No.4,pp1328–1338.
XI. Küchenhoff, H.,(1997).”An exact algorithm for estimating breakpoints in
segmented generalized linear models”. Computational Statistics; 12:235–247.
XII. Lain, M.,(2018).”JoinpointRegrese”.Univerzita Karlova, Matematickofyzikální
fakulta, BAKALÁŘSKÁ
PRÁCE.http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11956/100141.
XIII. Maciak, M., Mizera, I.,(2016).”Regularization techniques in joinpoint
regression”. Statistical Papers,Vol. 57, Issue 4, pp 939–955.
XIV. Martin, J.,Martin, G.D., Asuero, A.G.,(2017).”Intersecting Straight Lines
Titrimetric Applications”.
Intechopen,http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68827.
XV. McKean, J. W. , Hettmansperger, T. P.,(2016).”Rank-Based Analysis of
Linear Models and Beyond: A Review”.In:Robust Rank-Based and
Nonparametric Methods; Liu, R.Y.; McKean, J.W., Eds.; Springer
International Publishing; pp. 1–24.
XVI. Muggeo, V. M. R.,(2003).”Estimating regression models with unknown
breakpoints”.Statistics in Medicine,Vol.22,Issue19,pp3055–3071.
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214-224.

XXII. Roslyakova, I.,(2017).”Modeling thermodynamical properties by segmented
non-linear regression”.Ruhr-University Bochum, Doctoral Thesis.
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Approach Applied to Bedload Transport Data”. Report No. RMRS-GTR-189,
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Abstract:

In this work, γ-Al2O3powder as copper adsorbent material was synthesized from polyoxohydroxide aluminum (POHA) precursor using aluminum powder, potassium hydroxide and d- glucose dissolved in distilled water and ethanol, and calcined at 500 °C. Prepared γ-Al2O3powder was characterized using (XRD), (FTIR), (SEM), (LGI) and (BET) method. The copper ions concentration of oilfieldproducedwater was determined using (ICP-OES). The parameters considered asγ-Al2O3adsorbent dose, adsorption time and pH used in this work are (0.2 and 0.4 mg/l), (30-180 min) and (4-10 pH) respectively. The characterization results showed that γ-phase is the dominant phase of synthesized Al2O3 powder. The results also showed that high adsorption performance for copper ions with a high removal efficiency of 99.99% using synthesized γ-Al2O3was obtained with an absorbed dose of 0.4 mg /l, adsorption time of 90 min and a pH of 7.

Keywords:

γ-alumina,chemical method,adsorption,copper adsorption,removal efficiency,

Refference:

I. Al-Haleem .A. A., Abdulah . H. H., Saeed .E. A., Components and
treatments of 36 oilfield produced water., Al Engineering Journal 2010; 6 (1) : 24
II. Al-Haleem .A. A., Razaq. A.H., Oilfield produced water management: treatment, 40, 1 – 9.
III. Arbabi.M., Golshani .,Removal of Copper Ions Cu (II) from
Industrial Wastewater:A Review of Removal Methods,International
Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 2016; 3(3): 283-293.
IV. Alvarez-Silva .M.,Uribe-Salas. A., Mirnezami.M. Mirnezami., Finch
.J., The point of zero charge of phyllosilicate minerals using the
Mular–Robertstitration technique, Minerals Engineering ,2010,23 (5) :383–389.
V. Hardi .M ., Siregar .Y. I., Anita .S., and Ilza .M., International
Conference of 38 Chemistry, in Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 2019, pp. 1-6.
VI. Kanakaraju .D.,Ravichandar. S., Lim.Y.C ., Combined effects of
adsorption and 13 photocatalysis by hybrid TiO2/ZnO-calcium alginate
beads for the removal of 14 copper., Journal of Environmental Sciences
2017, 55 (1) : 214-223.
VII. 8Lueangchaichaweng.W,Singh.B ,Mandelli.D, Carvalho.W, Fiorilli .
S,Pescarmona.P, High surface area, nanostructured boehmite and alumina
catalysts: Synthesis andapplication in the sustainable epoxidation of
alkenes,Applied Catalysis A: General.2019;571(1):180-187.Volume
571, 5 February 2019, Pages 180-187.
VIII. Nassef E., El-Taweel. Y.A., Removal of copper from wastewater by
cementation 14 from simulated leach liquors J. Chem. Eng. Process
Technol 2015; 6(1) : 1-6.
IX. Segala .F, Correab .M,BacanieR,CastanheiracB, Politid M,Brochsztainc
S,Tribonia E,A Novel Synthesis Route of Mesoporous γ-Alumina from
Polyoxohydroxide Aluminum, Materials Research. 2018; 21(1):1-8
X. Visa. M., Synthesis and characterization of new zeolite materials
obtained from fly 15 ash for heavy metals removal in advanced
wastewater treatment. Powder Technol16 2016 ; 294(2) :338-374.
XI. Yang .J., HouBaohong., Wang J., Tian Beiqian., Bi.J., Wang.N., Li. X.,
and Huan.,Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from
Wastewater, Nanomaterials, 2019, 9(3):1-39.

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Abstract:

The optimal prediction or forecasting of time series values from the observations required many things such as checking the identification accuracy, model diagnosis, and data free from violations (outliers, for instance). Therefore, the researchers are always wondering if the used model or the supported method is sufficient to represent the data or there are more information that can be provided and probable increasing of precision as a consequence in the forecasting. This paper is an attempt to propose a new hybrid model building that can be denoted by AR-Holt (p+5). Also, suggest a new algorithm to estimate the parameters of this new hybrid model with its forecasting for inside and outside the series. Furthermore, the comparison has been done between this new hybrid model with AR(p) model which was identified as well as its parameters were estimated by many traditional methods which are Yule-Walker, Burg, robust RA, LS, Mcov and LMS methods for contaminated time series data. Simulation experiments have been conducted with different levels of contamination (p=0, 0.05, 0.15) to evaluate the superior of the performance of this new model according to different sample sizes (n=30, 70, 150). A real data application of the barley crops in Iraq is taken into consideration.

Keywords:

Yule-Walker method,Burg method,RA method,least squares,modified covariance,LMS method,autoregressive time series model,Holt,

Refference:

I. Abd El-Sallam, Moawad El-Fallah. “Methods of Estimation for
Autoregressive Models with Outliers”. Asian Journal of Mathematics and
Statistics, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2013.
II. Agricultural Statistics Directorate. “Wheat and Barley Products (1989-
2018)”. Technical Report, Central Statistical Organization (CSO), Iraq, 2019.
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Application”. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
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Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1987.
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1991.
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XII. Zhang, Hui-Min, and Duhamel, Pierre. “On The Methods for Solving Yule-
Walker Equations”. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 40, No.
12, 1992.

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Abstract:

The prime aim of the current research is to investigate the thermal performance of the solar-assisted heat pump (SAHP) under the Iraqi climate experimentally and theoretically. In the winter season, the ambient air temperature reduces which causes a reduction in the coefficient of performance (COP) of heat pumps. By utilizing the thermal energy of solar to raise the heat transfer rate of the evaporator, compressor work diminishes and thus the COP of heat pump rises. The experimental setup of SAHP is perform by joining of a solar air heater and an air-toair heat pump. In this arrangement, the inlet of the air evaporator has been preheated by a solar air heater. The mathematical model based on energy balance was evolved and the performance of this system has been studied over a cold season of Baghdad city (placed in the middle of Iraq). The consequences revealed that the presence of porous media in the lower channel of the absorber plate providing a great surface area for convective heat transfer, therefore, the variation of air temperature and thermal efficiency of the solar air heater are raised. The average thermal efficiency for models (II, III, IV, and V) over the model I (Conventional) are (16.6%, 21.2%, 26.2%, and 30.3%) respectively at mass flow rate 0.02172 kg/s.

Keywords:

Air source Heat Pump,Solar Assisted Heat Pump,Power Consumption,

Refference:

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Conditioning, Heat Pumps and Distribution Systems. Wiley Publishing.
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Abstract:

Therefrigeration sector has great impact on world climate changes. The phase-out of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) often needs to make choices between high GWP alternatives and more planet-friendly alternatives. In this regard, performance of refrigeration systems in countries characterized by long, hot, summers face problems in identifying suitable alternatives due to the impact of such temperatures. This study stands for technical paper to conduct an experimental comparison for the use of R513A as a substitute for R134a. Energy analysis was performed to evaluate performance of both refrigerants. The research was implemented by a device that simulate an automobile (A/C) system unit capacity 3kW. effect of several variables were studied: ambient temperature was varied from 30oC to 50oC step by 4oC, and internal load was (700, 1000 and 1300)W, speed of compressor was 1450 r.p.m and 2900 r.p.m. The results showed that average value of COP of R513A was convergent with slightly higher than R134a by about 1%-2%, and average cooling capacity, mass flow rate were higher by about 1.6%-3%, 15%-17% respectively. The compression ratio and temperature of discharge were less than R134a by about4.6% - 6% and7.5%-8% respectively. So R513A could be considered as a good alternative for R134a without any modification on A/C system.

Keywords:

COP,Cooling capacity,automotive air conditioning,alternative refrigerant,R513A,

Refference:

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Interior Temperature Distribution Inside Parked Automobile
Cabin”, Journal of Engineering, 21(3), pp. 1-10.
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Conventional Round Tube and Microchannel Condensers in Automotive
Air Conditioning System”, Journal of Engineering, 25(2), pp. 38-56. doi:
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and Blake, D.R., 2014. Update on ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and
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performance of R-1234yf and R-1234ze as drop-in replacements for R-
134a in domestic refrigerators. In Proceedings of the International
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference (pp. 16-19). Purdue
University.
VI. Makhnatch, P., Mota-Babiloni, A., López-Belchí, A. and Khodabandeh,
R., 2019. R450A and R513A as lower GWP mixtures for high ambient
temperature countries: Experimental comparison with
R134a. Energy, 166, pp.223-235.
VII. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á.,Molés, F. and
Peris, B., 2015. Analysis based on EU Regulation No 517/2014 of new
HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in
refrigeration and HVAC systems. International journal of
refrigeration, 52, pp.21-31.
VIII. Mota-Babiloni, A., Makhnatch, P., Khodabandeh, R. and Navarro-Esbri,
J., 2017. Experimental assessment of R134a and its lower GWP
alternative R513A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 74, pp.682-
688.
IX. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Pascual-Miralles, V., Barragán-
Cervera, Á. and Maiorino, A., 2019. Experimental influence of an internal
heat exchanger (IHX) using R513A and R134a in a vapor compression
system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 147, pp.482-491.
X. Mota-Babiloni, A., Belman-Flores, J.M., Makhnatch, P., Navarro-Esbrí, J.
and Barroso-Maldonado, J.M., 2018. Experimental exergy analysis of
R513A to replace R134a in a small capacity refrigeration
system. Energy, 162, pp.99-110.
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Harth, C.M., Salameh, P.K., Arnold, T., Weiss, R.F. and Krummel, P.B.,
2014. Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative
forcing. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(7), pp.2623-2630.
XII. Mota-Babiloni, A., Makhnatch, P., Khodabandeh, R. and Navarro-Esbri,
J., 2017. Experimental assessment of R134a and its lower GWP
alternative R513A. International Journal of Refrigeration, 74, pp.682-
688.

XIII. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Barragán-Cervera, Á.,Molés, F. and
Peris, B., 2015. Analysis based on EU Regulation No 517/2014 of new
HFC/HFO mixtures as alternatives of high GWP refrigerants in
refrigeration and HVAC systems. International journal of
refrigeration, 52, pp.21-31.
XIV. Mota-Babiloni, A., Navarro-Esbrí, J., Pascual-Miralles, V., Barragán-
Cervera, Á. and Maiorino, A., 2019. Experimental influence of an
internal heat exchanger (IHX) using R513A and R134a in a vapor
compression system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 147, pp.482-491.
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R1234yf/R134a mixture (R513A) as R134a replacement in a domestic
refrigerator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 146, pp.540-547.

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Abstract:

Transportation system in urban areas of Pakistan is facing issues of sustainability. Transportation sustainability challenges must be processed. The sustainable practices deployment is necessary solution to the increasing traffic. While effectiveness of these sustainable solutions mainly depends on the public awareness and their attitude towards them. This research is conducted to assess the sustainable transportation practices with the awareness level of citizens and how they think about them during their interaction to these solutions. The method of this research is selected as quantitative somehow mixed with the qualitative research. To assess the public attitude questionnaire was developed based on the indicators of the sustainable transportation practices. This questionnaire is spread among the resident of Lahore and Karachi city after evaluating their needs for better and sustainable transportation to overcome increasing urban development. The results show that people have overall positive attitude towards sustainable development.

Keywords:

Sustainable Transportation,Urban Transportation,Transportation System,Pakistan,

Refference:

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Transport.
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transport in urban areas. Seoul.
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of Transport Geography, 8(2), 141-147.

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Abstract:

Background: The sudden occurrence of a disaster leads to considerably high impact on population’s health and on the capacity of health system to respond to the sudden surge of affected population. Emergency departments EDs play an important role in managing patients and providing high quality care in complex situations. Pre existing bottle necks in the emergency service delivery reduces the existing surge capacity of system and renders ED inefficient in providing timely and quality care to patients affected by the disaster. The understanding of patient flow by the hospital can improve the overall efficiency of operations on day to day basis and emergency response. Methodology: This was a cross sectional survey involving all the tertiary care hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. 910 patients were selected using non probability sampling and patient’s progress through ED was mapped and timed from the entry to discharge or admission. Results: Major bottle necks identified during process mapping were overcrowding and long waiting times. Median processing time from entry to disposition was 50mins (IQR 28-72). The median service time experienced by the patients during their treatment in the ED was 15 mins (IQR 15-28.75 min). Overall median waiting time for all processes through which patients passes during their visit to ED was 26 mins (IQR 14-40 mins). The patients who required diagnostic tests (lab, radiology, EG etc) had significantly higher (p=0.00) median waiting time 41 (IQR 32-51) mins. Conclusion: When process mapping is conducted properly, it proves to be a valuable tool for service improvement by identifying flaws in flow of patients, potential bottle necks and duplicate processes. Improving flaws in patient flow can improve patient waiting time which in turn can improve hospital’s existing surge capacity.

Keywords:

Patient Flow,Process Mapping,Emergency Department Waiting Times,Surge Capacity,

Refference:

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Abstract:

Plastic which is toxic in nature is found to be nearly 5% in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).A major problem now a days is the disposal of plastic wastes. These wastes are non-biodegradable in nature causing environmental pollution and hygiene problems. The experimentation at several institutes indicated that waste plastic can be utilized in asphalting of roads. The use of these wastes in the road construction is based on Economic, Technical and Ecological criteria. Taking an example of PAKISTAN (Karachi) several million metric tons plastic wastes are produced every year. If these wastes can be suitably use in road construction, the disposal and pollution, problems can be minimized to a large extent. In road making process bitumen is used as a binder. The bitumen can be modified with plastic wastes forming a mix which can be used as a top layer of flexible pavement, showing better binding property, stability, density and which is more resistant to water. In this project we use waste plastic in bitumen by 0%, 3%, 5%, 8% and 10%. We conclude from all test results that with addition of plastic penetration and ductility value decreases while softening point, flash & fire point increases.

Keywords:

plastic wastes,binding property,road construction,Ecological criteria,

Refference:

I. Achairi, R. B. (2013). Literature Review: Conditions of Sustainable
Transport.
II. Akinyemi, E. a. (2000). Sustainable development and transportation: Past
experiences and Future Challenges. World Transport Policy & Practice.
III. Amit Gawandea, G. Zamarea , V.C. Rengea , Saurabh Taydea ,G. Bharsakale
IV. An overview on waste plastic utilization in asphalting of roads Jers/Vol. III/
Issue II/April-June, 2012/01-05.
V. Buis, J. (2009). A new Paradigm for urban transport planning: Cycling
inclusive planning at the pre-event training workshop on non-motorized
transport in urban areas. Seoul.
VI. Black, W. (2000). Socio-economic barriers to sustainable transport. Journal
of Transport Geography, 8(2), 141-147.
VII. Bandopandhyay T. K., (Jan. – Mar. 2010), “Construction of Asphalt Road
with Plastic Waste”,Indian Center for Plastic in Environment (ICPE), ENVIS
– Eco- Echoes, Vol.11, Issue 1
VIII. Cervero, R. (2013). Transport infrastructure and the environment: Sustainable
mobility and urbanism. IURD, Institute of Urban and Regional Development,
University of California.
IX. Daly, & H.E. (1991). Ecological economics and sustainable development:
from concept to policy (No. 1991). World Bank, Environment Department,
Policy and Research Division.
X. Dhodapkar A N., (Dec. 2008), “Use of waste plastic in road construction”,
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XII. Hınıslıoğlu, S.; and Ağar, E. (2004).Use of waste high density polyethylene
as bitumen modifier in asphalt mix.Materials Letters, 58(3-4), 267-271.
XIII. Justo C.E.G., Veeraragavan A“Utilization of Waste Plastic Bags in
Bituminous Mix for Improved Performance of Roads”, Centre for
Transportation Engineering, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India, 2002.
XIV. Khan Amjad, Gangadhar, Murali Mohan Murali and Raykar Vinay,(2013)
“Effective Utilization of Waste Plastics in Asphalting of Roads”,R.V. College
Of Engineering, Bangalore.
XV. Rokade S Use of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber Tyres in Flexible Highway
Pavements 2012 International Conference on Future Environment and Energy
IPCBEE vol.28(2012) © (2012)IACSIT Press, Singapoore.

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