Archive

Abstract:

A big threat for the survival of mankind is the scarcity of power which is a serious matter to look into. Under this hard situation, the bioelectric energy is the most useful energy source instead of all the electronic power sources. Any electronic gadget can be activated with the help of bio-charger which is simple, portable and very much needed for the athletics. By recycling of energy and utilizing the energy conservation rule many problems related to energy consumption can be solved. The purpose of the research work is to make a bio-charger to preserve the bioelectric energy and to use it as the power source for any portable electronic gadget.

Keywords:

Lower Limb, Bioelectric Energy, Electromyography(EMG),Bio-charger,

Refference:

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III.Björn Gerdle, Stefan Karlsson, Scott Day and Mats Djupsjöbacka (1999) “Acquisition, Processing and Analysis of the Surface Electromyogram”. In: U. Windhorst, H. Johansson, editors. “Modern Techniques in Neuroscience Research”, Springer.

IV “Bagnoli EMG Systems Users Guide”, Delsys Incorporated, 2008.

V.Brian Dellon and Yoki Matsuoka (2007) “Prosthetics, Exoskeletons, and Rehabilitation-Now and the Future” IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, March, 2007.

VI.Carlo J. De Luca (1997) “Use of Surface Electromyography in Biomechanics” Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Vol.3.

VII.Carlo J. De Luca (2002) “Surface Electromyography: Detection and Recording”, Delsys Incorporated.

VIII.Carlo J. De Luca (2006) “Electromyography: Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instrumentation” (John G. Webster Ed.), John Wiley Publisher.

IX.Dr. Scott Day “Important Factors in Surface EMG Measurement”, Bortec Biomedical Incorporated.

X.D.J. Hewson, J.Y. Hoqrel and J. Duchene (2003) “Evolution in impedance at the electrode-skin interface of two types of surface EMG electrodes during long-term recordings” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 , pp. 273-279 .

XI.D.J. Hewson, J.Y. Hoqrel and J. Duchene (2003) “Evolution in impedance at the electrode-skin interface of two types of surface EMG electrodes during long-term recordings” Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, Vol. 13, Issue 3 , pp. 273-279 [17] (2009) “Instrumentation Amplifier Application Note”, Intersil Incorporated

XII.D. Edeer and C.W. Martin (2011) “Upper Limb Prostheses –A Review of the Literature with a Focus on Myoelectric Hands”, Worksafe BC Evidence-Based Practice Group

XIII.Gianluca De Luca (2001) “Fundamental Concepts in EMG Signal Acquisition”, Delsys Incorporated. XIV.“Instrumentation Amplifier Application Note”, Intersil Incorporated, 2009.

XV.Jarret Smith (2010) image title: “motor-unit-lg” Computational Intelligence in Electromyography Analysis –A Perspective on Current Applications and Future Challenges 448.

XVIM. E. Van Valkenburg (1982) “Analog Filter Design”, Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

XVIIMusslih LA. Harba and Goh Eng Chee (2002) “Muscle Mechanomyographic andElectromyography Signals Compared with Reference to Acting Potential Average Propagation Velocity”, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Vol.3.

XVIII. Nissan Kunju, Neelesh Kumar, Dinesh Pankaj, Aseem Dhawan,Amods Kumar (2009) “EMG Signal Analysis for Identifying WalkingPatterns of Normal Healthy Individuals” Indian Journal ofBiomechanics: Special Issue.

XIX.Nuria Masso, Ferran Rey, Dani Romero, Gabriel Gual, Lluis Costa and Ana German (2010) “Surface Electromyography and Applications in Sport” Apunts Medicina De L’Esport, Vol. 45: 127-136.

XX. Netter FH (1997) “Atlas of Human Anatomy” East Hanover, New Jersey: Novartis. [13] Elaine Marieb asnd Katja Hoehnss (2007) “Human Anatomy and Physiology” 7th Edition, Pearson Education .

XXI.P.R.S. Sanches, A.F. Müller, L. Carro, A.A. Susin, P. Nohama (2007) “Analog Reconfigurable Technologies for EMG Signal Processing” Journal of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 23, pp. 153-157 [20] M. E. Van Valkenburg (1982) “Analog Filter Design”, Holt, Rinehart & Winston

XXII.Paul E. Barkhaus and Sanjeev D. Nandedkar (2000) “Electronic Atlas of Electromyography Waveforms” Vol. 2, 2nd Edition.

XXIII.P.R.S. Sanches, A.F. Müller, L. Carro, A.A. Susin, P. Nohama (2007) “Analog Reconfigurable Technologies for EMG Signal Processing” Journal of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 23, pp. 153-157.

XXIV. S.L. Pullman, D.S. Goodin, A.I. Marquinez, S. Tabbal and M. Rubin (2000) “Clinical Utility of Surface EMG” Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment, Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, Neurology Vol. 55:171–177.

XXV.Sebastian Maier and Patrick van der Smagt (2008) “Surface EMG suffices to classify motion of each finger independently” Proceedings of MOVIC 2008, 9th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control.

XXVI.Zahak Jamal, Asim Waris, Shaheryar Nazir, Shahryar Khan, Javaid Iqbal, Adnan Masood and Umar Shahbaz (2011) “Motor Drive using Electromyography for Flexion and Extension of Finger and Hand Muscles” 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Vol. 3 pp. 1287-1291.

Virtually Essence Effect Creator Prototype Development Effort- A Case Study

Authors:

Zinkar Das, Himanshu Rai, Sudipta Ghosh , Saswata Das , Dipyaman Goswami , Biswarup Neogi

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.04.00005

Abstract:

Introducing modern transmission technology, it is possible to transmit some human sensual theme (sound, video, and picture) with support of signal processing aspects. It is quite difficult to transmit aroma introducing signal processing effort. We attempt to contribute a short prototype, which create a virtual effect of essence in receiving section. This paper mainly focuses with a case study manner towards the prototype development in techno commercial features. The specific patent review in this field is added it’s important. In addition, art work representation to working model based approaches is presented chronologically with appropriate technical information. Developed prototype and image processing technology behind this project is presented. The involvement of several interdisciplinary facts is carried towards the development of this prototype. Overall, this paper presents a case study towards the performance of one challenging product based preliminary prototype generation.

Keywords:

Essence effect,Internet technology,Odour,Image,Prototype,

Refference:

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IV. Brown, M., & Lowe, D. G. (2002). Invariant Features from Interest Point Groups. In BMVC (No. s 1).
V. Brown, M., & Lowe, D. G. (2005). Unsupervised 3D object recognition and reconstruction in unordered datasets. In 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling, 2005. 3DIM 2005. Fifth International Conference on (pp. 56-63).
VI. Brown, M., Szeliski, R., & Winder, S. (2005). Multi-image matching using multi-scale oriented patches. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005. CVPR 2005. IEEE Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 510-517).
VII. Brown, M., & Lowe, D. G. (2007). Automatic panoramic image stitching using invariant features. International journal of computer vision, 74(1), 59-73.
VIII. Das, Z., Manna, N., & Neogi, B. (2013). Model Representation and Study of Essence Effect Creation through Internet Technological Aspect. Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 4(13), 25-33.

IX. E One Co. Ltd., “Perfume Emitting Device and Method”, KR20000023928, 2000.
X. Fawcett, T. (2006). An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern recognition letters,27(8), 861-874.
XI. Gionis, A., Indyk, P., & Motwani, R. (1999). Similarity search in high dimensions via hashing. In VLDB (Vol. 99, pp. 518-529).
XII. Horn, B. K., & Schunck, B. G. (1981). Determining optical flow. International Society for Optics and Photonics.Technical symposium east (pp. 319-331).
XIII. Hua, G., Brown, M., & Winder, S. (2007). Discriminant embedding for local image descriptors. In Computer Vision, 2007. ICCV 2007. IEEE 11th International Conference on (pp. 1-8).
XIV. Jen, Y. H., Taha, Z., & Vui, L. J. (2008). VR-Based robot programming and simulation system for an industrial robot. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 15(3), 314-322.
XV. Kulis, B., & Grauman, K. (2009). Kernelized locality-sensitive hashing for scalable image search. In Computer Vision, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on (pp. 2130-2137).
XVI. Lee C. (2001), “Aroma Distributor complementing internet operation is triggered by commandfrom audio decoder monitoring incoming data”, FR27971.
XVII. Lowe, D. G. (2004). Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. International journal of computer vision, 60(2), 91-110.
XVIII. Lucas, B. D., & Kanade, T. (1981). An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. In IJCAI (Vol. 81, pp. 674-679).
XIX. Mikolajczyk, K., & Schmid, C. (2004). Scale & affine invariant interest point detectors. International journal of computer vision, 60(1), 63-86.
XX. Okada, K., & Aiba, S. (2003). Toward the actualization of broadcasting service with smell information. Institute of Image information and Television Engineering of Japan Technical Report (in Japanese), 27(64), 31-34.
XXI. Raginsky, M., & Lazebnik, S. (2009). Locality-sensitive binary codes from shift-invariant kernels. In Advances in neural information processing systems (pp. 1509-1517).
XXII. Schmid, C., Mohr, R., & Bauckhage, C. (2000). Evaluation of interest point detectors. International Journal of computer vision, 37(2), 151-172.
XXIII. Shakhnarovich, G., Indyk, P., & Darrell, T. (2006). Nearest-neighbor methods in learning and vision: theory and practice.

XXIV. Shekar, A. (2012). Research-based enquiry in Product Development education: Lessons from supervising undergraduate final year projects. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice. 19(1).
XXV. Shi, J., & Tomasi, C. (1994). Good features to track. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1994. Proceedings CVPR’94., 1994 IEEE Computer Society Conference on (pp. 593-600).
XXVI. Snavely, N., Seitz, S. M., & Szeliski, R. (2006). Photo tourism: exploring photo collections in 3D. In ACM transactions on graphics (TOG) (Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 835-846).
XXVII. Szeliski, R. (2010). Computer vision: algorithms and applications. Springer Science & Business Media.
XXVIII. Triggs, B. (2004). Detecting keypoints with stable position, orientation, and scale under illumination changes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. In Computer Vision-ECCV 2004 (pp. 100-113).
XXIX. Torralba, A., Weiss, Y., & Fergus, R. (2008). Small codes and large databases of images for object recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).
XXX. Yokoyama, S., Tanikawa, T., Hirota, K., & Hirose, M. (2004). Olfactory field simulation using wearable olfactory display. Trans. of Virtual Reality Society of Japan (in Japanese), 9(3), 265-274.

Neurobiological Function Analysis of Naturally Generated Seeds Optimization Using Evolutionary Techniques

Authors:

Patrali Pradhan, Paromita Das, Sanjeev Kumar Ojha, Moumita Ghosh, Soumendu Ghosh, Biswarup Neogi

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.04.00006

Abstract:

An automated hybrid model, called the Plant Neural System Model (PNSM), is introduced in this approach. Plants can process biochemical signals throughcertain biological processes even they don’t have brains. Important biological processes, like seed germination, root growth, and nutrient absorption by the cell are considered as these are the foundations of neuron systems in plants. Neurobiological processes have been adapted to develop a hybrid black box model with time-dependent functions like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the use of some advanced optimization techniques. This model would be useful in the analysis of soil parametric relations with both seed germination and seed optimization in order to classify plant seeds.

Keywords:

Neurobiological,Plant Neural System, Artificial Neural Network,Hybrid model,

Refference:

I.Brady, S. M., & Provart, N. J. (2009). Web-queryable large-scale data sets for hypothesis generation in plant biology. The Plant Cell, 21(4), 1034-1051.

II.Bray, J. R. (1963). Root production and the estimation of net productivity. Canadian Journal of Botany, 41(1), 65-72.

III.Bar-Yosef, B., Lambert, J. R., & Baker, D. N. (1982). Rhizos: A simulation of root growth and soil processes. Sensitivity analysis and validation for cotton. Transactions of the ASAE, 25(5), 1268-1273.

IV.Coruzzi, G. M., Burga, A. R., Katari, M. S., & Gutiérrez, R. A. (2009). Systems biology: principles and applications in plant research. Plant Systems Biology, Annual Plant Reviews. London, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 3-40.

V.Chen, D. X., & Lieth, J. H. (1992). Two-dimensional model of water transport in the root zone and plant for container-grown chrysanthemum. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 59(3-4), 129-148.

VI.Coile, T. S. (1952). Soil and the growth of forests. In Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 4, pp. 329-398). Academic Press.

VII.Demir, I., Mavi, K., Kenanoglu, B. B., & Matthews, S. (2008). Prediction ofgermination and vigour in naturally aged commercially available seed lots of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) using the bulk conductivity method. Seed Science and Technology, 36(3), 509-523.

VIII.Gago, J. (2009). Biotecnología de Vitis vinifera L.: Modelización mediante Inteligencia Artificial (Doctoral dissertation, Doctoral Thesis, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain).

IX.Gago, J., Martínez-Núñez, L., Landín, M., & Gallego, P. P. (2010). Artificial neural networks as an alternative to the traditional statistical methodology in plant research. Journal of plant physiology, 167(1), 23-27.

X.Hammer, G. L., Sinclair, T. R., Chapman, S. C., & Van Oosterom, E. (2004). On systems thinking, systems biology, and the in silico plant. Plant Physiology, 134(3), 909-911.

XI.Johnson, I. R., & Thornley, J. H. M. (1985). Temperature dependence of plant and crop process. Annals of Botany, 55(1), 1-24.

XII.Kitano, H. (2002). Systems biology: a brief overview. Science, 295(5560), 1662-1664.

XIII.Meyer, F. H., & Gottsche, D. (1971). Distribution of root tips and tender roots of beech. Ellenberg, Heinz Integrated Experimental Ecology.

XIV.Prasad, V. S. S., & Gupta, S. D. (2008). Applications and potentials of artificial neural networks in plant tissue culture. In Plan Tissue Culture Engineering (pp. 47-67). Springer Netherlands.

XV.Struik, P. C., Yin, X., & de Visser, P. (2005). Complex quality traits: now time to model. Trends in Plant Science, 10(11), 513-516.

XVI.Samimy, C., Taylor, A. G., & Kenny, T. J. (1987). Relationship of germination and vigor tests to field emergence of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Seed Technology, 23-34.

XVII.Sehirali, S. (1991). Seed and seed technology. Turkish, Istanbul, 422

XVIII.Tardieu, F. (2003). Virtual plants: modelling as a tool for the genomics of tolerance to water deficit. Trends in plant Science, 8(1), 9-14.

XIX.Uzun, S., Marangoz, D., & Özkaraman, F. (2001). Modelling the time elapsing from seed sowing to emergence in some vegetable crops. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(4), 442-445.

XX.White, E. H., Pritchett, W. L., & Robertson, W. K. (1971). Slash pine root biomass and nutrient concentrations. Maine Agr Exp Sta Misc Rep.

XXI.Weidenhamer, J. D., Morton, T. C., & Romeo, J. T. (1987). Solution volume and seed number: Often overlooked factors in allelopathic bioassays. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 13(6), 1481-1491.

XXII.Westgate, M. E., & Boyer, J. S. (1985). Osmotic adjustment and the inhibition of leaf, root, stem and silk growth at low water potentials in maize. Planta, 164(4), 540-549.

XXIII.Yuan, J. S., Galbraith, D. W., Dai, S. Y., Griffin, P., & Stewart Jr, C. N. (2008). Plant systems biology comes of age. Trends in plant science, 13(4), 165-171.

Computational Modeling of Boundary-Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet

Authors:

A Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.04.00007

Abstract:

In the present investigation, steady two dimensional laminar natural convection flow resulting from non-linear stretching of a flat horizontal plate ina nanofluid is studied numerically. Boungiorno model [I] is employed that treats the nanofluid as a two-component mixture (base fluid plus nanoparticles), incorporating the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.By appropriate similarity variables, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab environment. Dimensionless stream function (s), longitudinal velocity (s′), temperature (θ) and nanoparticle volume fraction (f) are computed and illustrated graphically for various values of four dimensionless parameters, namely, Lewis number (Le), stretching parameter (n), Brownian motion Parameter (Nb), and thermophoresis parameter (Nt). The effects of the physical parameters on the rate of heat transfer(-θ́(0)) and mass transfer (-φ́(0)) is given in tabulated form.The results of the present simulation are in with good agreement with the previous reports available in literature.

Keywords:

Brownian motion,Boundary layer,Nanofluid,Non-linear Stretching,Thermophoresis,

Refference:

I. BuongiornoJ.,Convective transport in nanofluids, ASME J. Heat Transf. 128 (2006) 240–250.

II. ChoiS., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticle in: D.A. Siginer, H.P. Wang (Eds.), Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, ASME MD vol. 231 and FED vol. 66, 1995, pp. 99–105.

III. Crane L J., Flow pas a stretching plate. Z. angew. Math. Phy., 21 (1970) 645-647

IV. Khan W. A. and Aziz A., Natural co

nvection flow of a nanofluid over a vertical plate with uniform surface heat flux,International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50 (2011) 1207-1214.

V. Kuznetsov A.V. and Nield D.A., Natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, 49, (2010) 243–247.

VI. Nield D.A.andKuznetsov A.V., Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid, Int.J.Heat Mass Transf, 52 (2009) 5796–5801.

E-Shape Patch Antenna For Mobile Phone, S-Band and C-Band Applications

Authors:

Mehr-e-Munir, Khalid Mahmood, M.Waqas Khan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.04.00008

Abstract:

Patch miniaturization is an ongoing trend in modern communication technology nowadays. In this paper functional behavior of E slotted patch is presented. With additional ground irregularities multi resonating frequency response is attained at range of 1-8GHZ resulting at most gain of 3.43dB -4.71dB, directivity in 3.68dBi-5.66dBi range with good impedance bandwidth. With use of fractal patch technique FR4 is chosen as substrate bases. With help of implementing shortening pin technique reduction of antenna is accomplished to 60.60%. By changing location of shortening pin only different desired bands resonation can be achieved. This type of microstrip antenna has applications in mobile phone for, S-Band and C-Band applications

Keywords:

Miniaturization,Fractal patch, Gain, Directivity,Microstrip patch,Slot cutting,

Refference:

I.Cohen, Nathan. “Fractal antenna applications in wireless telecommunications.” Electronics Industries Forum of New England, 1997. Professional Program Proceedings. IEEE, 1997.

II.Dong, Yuandan, Hiroshi Toyao, and Tatsuo Itoh. “Design and characterization of miniaturized patch antennas loaded with complementary split-ring resonators.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60.2 (2012): 772-785.

III.Ermutlu, M. E., et al. “Miniaturization of patch antennas with new artificial magnetic layers.” IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005.. IEEE, 2005.

IV.Hu, Jun, Chun-sheng Yan, and Qing-chun Lin. “A new patch antenna with metamaterial cover.” Journal of Zhejiang UniversitySCIENCE A7.1(2006): 89-94.

V.Li, Le-Wei, Ya-Nan Li, Tat Soon Yeo, Juan R. Mosig, and Olivier JF Martin. “A broadband and high-gain metamaterial microstrip antenna.” Applied Physics Letters96, no. 16 (2010): 164101.

VI.Mehr-e-Munir; Umar Farooq “Multiband microstrip patch antenna using DGS for L-Band, S-Band, C-Band & mobile applications”, in 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET),Ukraine,2016

VII.Mehr-e-Munir; Khalid Mahmood,” Miniaturized microstrip patch antenna using stack configuration for S-band, C-band & mobile applications”, in International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET),Peshawar,2015

VIII.M.Munir, S. S. Qurashie, S. H. Kiani, K. Mahmood, J. Khan, “Performance Analysis between Single and Dual Substrate Patches for Wireless Communication and Applications”, Sindh University Research Journal,vol.49, no.1, 2017.

IX.Saad Hassan Kiani, Khalid Mahmood, Sharyar Shafeeq, Mehre Munir and Khalil Muhammad Khan, “A Novel Design of Miniaturaized Patch Antenna Using Different Substrates for S-Band and C-Band Applications” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 7(7), 2016.

X.S. Hassan, K. Mahmood, M. Munir and A. James, “A Novel Design of Patch Antenna using U-Slot and Defected Ground Structure”,International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 8, no. 3, 2017.

XI.W. Sang-Hyuk, et al., “Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna With U-Shaped ParasiticElements,” Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 55, pp. 1196-1199, 2007

Effect of TCO, BSF and Back contact Barrier on CdS/CdTe solar cell: Modeling and Simulation

Authors:

K Sarkar, K K Ghosh, N K Mandal

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.04.00009

Abstract:

We have commenced an in-depth study through modeling and simulation to investigate the performance of a CdTe solar cell at different Schottky barrier heights for different combinations thicknesses of BSF as well as window layer and front contact oxide layer (TCO) .The inter relation between BSF layer and back contact schottky barrier height has been focused. Effect of the BSF layer regarding the tunneling of charges has been investigated. In the present paper, we achieved in our study the highest ƞ of 18.39%, Voc of 0.591 volt, Isc of 0.411 amp for 0.1 µm absorber and 1nm BSF layer thickness in presence of higher schottky barrier (0.6eV) with higher doping concentration of absorber layer. Thinning of the layers have always been better in terms of performance and cost. But it brings pinhole formation problems what we excluded here in our present work. Keywords : Thin film solar, CdS/CdTe, TCO, Window layer, Schottky Barrier, Back Surface Field (BSF).

Keywords:

Thin film solar,CdS/CdTe,TCO,Window layer,Schottky Barrier,Back Surface Field (BSF),

Refference:

I Amin N, Matin MA, Aliyu MM, Alghoul MA, Karim M, and Sopian K (2010) Prospects of Back Surface Field Effect in Ultra-Thin High-Efficiency CdS/CdTe Solar Cells from Numerical Modeling, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, International Journal of Photoenergy, Article ID 578580, 8 pages, doi:10.1155/2010/578580

II Batzner DL, Romeo A, Zogg H, Tiwari AN, Wendt R (2000) Development of Efficient and Stable Back Contacts on Cdte/Cds Solar Cells, Research gate, DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)00792-1

III Burgelman M, Nollet P, Degrave S (1999) Electronic behaviour of thin-film CdTe solar cells, Applied Physics A-Materials Science& Processing, A 69, 149–153 / Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.1007/s003399900063

IV ChanderSubhash, Dhaka M.S. (2017) Time evolution to CdCl2 treatment on Cd-based solar cell devices fabricated by vapor evaporation, Solar Energy, Volume 150, Pages 577-583, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.013

V ChanderSubhash, Dhaka M.S. (2015) Physical properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films with post-deposition, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, Volume 73, Pages 35-39, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2015.05.008

VI ChanderSubhash, Dhaka M.S. (2015) Optimization of physical properties of vacuum evaporated CdTe thin films with the application of the thermal treatment for solar cells,MaterialsScienceinSemiconductorProcessing40 (2015)708–712,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2015.07.063

VII Demtsu SH, Sites JR(2006) Effect of back-contact barrier on thin-film CdTe solar cells,Science direct- Thin Solid Films 510: 320–324

VIII Fang Z, Wang XC, Wu HC, and Zhao CZ (2011) Achievements and Challenges of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells, Hindawi Publishing Corporation-International Journal of Photoenergy, Volume 2011, Article ID 297350, 8 pages, doi:10.1155/2011/297350.

IX Fardi H and Buny F(2013) Characterization and Modeling of CdS/CdTe Heterojunction Thin-Film Solar Cell for High Efficiency Performance, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, International Journal of Photoenergy, Volume 2013, Article ID 576952, 6 pages, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/576952

X Gessert TA, Dhere RG, Duenow JN, Kuciauskas D, Kanevce A, and Bergeson JD (2011) Comparison Of Minority Carrier Lifetime Measurements In Superstrate and Substrate CdTe PV Devices, 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC 37), NREL/CP-5200-50747

XI Hadrich M, Heisler C, Reislohner C, Kraft C, Metzner H (2011) Back contact formation in thin cadmium telluride solar cells ,Thin Solid Films 519: 7156–7159

XII Hossain MS, Amin N, Razykov T (2011) Prospects of Back Contacts with Back Surface Fields in High Efficiency Znxcd1-Xs /Cdte Solar Cells from Numerical Modeling, Chalcogenide Letters, Vol. 8, No. 3, p. 187 – 198 .

XIII Huldt L (1968) Direct Electron-Hole Recombination in Cadmium Sulfide, Helvetica PhysicaActa, Vol. 41, PP. 942-945, http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-113951.

XIV Jones EW, Barrioz V, Irvine SJC, Lamb D (2009) Towards ultra-thin CdTe solar cells using MOCVD, Science Direct- Thin Solid Films 517: 2226–2230, doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2008.10.093

XV Islam MA, Sulaiman Y, Amin N (2011) A Comparative Study of BSF Layers For Ultra-Thin Cds:O/Cdte Solar Cells, Chalcogenide Letters, Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 65 – 75.

XVI Kim K, Kim IH,Yoon KY, Lee J and Jang JH (2015) a-Fe2O3 on patterned fluorine doped tin oxide for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 3,7706, DOI: 10.1039/c5ta00027k

XVII Matin MA, Aliyu MM, Quadery AH, Amin N (2010) Prospects of novel front and back contacts for high efficiency cadmium telluride thin film solar cells from numerical analysis, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 94: 1496–1500

XVIII MuhibbullahM, Choudhury M GolamMowla, Mominuzzaman Sharif M (2012), An equation of the width of the depletion layer for a step heterojunction, Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan 37[3] 405-408.

XIX Niasse, O.A., Tankari, M.A., Dia, F., Mbengue, N., Diao, A., Niane, M., Diagne, M., Ba, B. And Levebvre, G. (2016) Optimization of Electrics Parameters CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cell Using Dielectric Model. World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics, 6, 75-86, http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2016.62011

XX Niemegeers A and Burgelman M (1997) Effects of the Au/CdTe back contact on IV and CV characteristics of Au/CdTe/CdS/TCO solar cells, Journal of Applied Physics 81, 2881; doi: 10.1063/1.363946.

XXI Niemegeers A and Burgelman M (1996) Numerical Modelling Of Ac-Characteristics Of CdTe And CIS Solar Cells, 25nd IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Washington, pp. 901-904

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Closed form solutions to the coupled space-time fractional evolution equations in mathematical physics through analytical method

Authors:

M. Nurul Islam, M. Ali Akbar

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00001

Abstract:

In this article, we consider the space-time fractional coupled modified Korteweg-de-Vries (mKdV) equations and the space-time fractional coupled Whitham-Broer-Kaup (WBK) equations which are important mathematical model to depict the propagation of wave in shallow water under gravity, combined formal solitary wave, internal solitary waves in a density and current stratified shear flow with a free surface, ion acoustic waves in plasma, turbulent motion, quantum mechanics and also in financial mathematics. We examine new, useful and further general exact wave solutions to the above mentioned space-time fractional equations by means of the generalized -expansion method by using of fractional complex transformation and discuss the examined results with other method. This method is more general, powerful, convenient and direct and can be used to establish new solutions for other kind nonlinear fractional differential equations arising in mathematical physics. Keywords: Coupled mKdV equations; coupled WBK equation; nonlinear evolution equations; fractional differential equations.

Keywords:

Coupled mKdV equations, coupled WBK equation,nonlinear evolution equations,ractional differential equations,

Refference:

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III.Ahmad, J., Mushtaq, M. and Sajjad, N. “Exact solution of Whitham-Broer-Kaup shallow water equations”. J. Sci. Arts, Vol. 1, No. 30, pp 5-12 (2015).

IV.Ali, A.H.A “The modified extended tanh-function method for solving coupled mKdV and coupled Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equations”. Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 363, No. (5-6), pp 420-425 (2007).

V.Atchi, L.M. and Appan, M.K., “A Review of the homotopy analysis method and its applications to differentialequations of fractional order”.Int. J. Pure Appl. Math., Vol. 113, No. (10), pp 369-384 (2017).

VI.Bekir, A. and Guner, O. “Exact solutions of nonlinear fractional differential equation by -expansion method”. Chin. Phys. B, Vol. 22, No. (11), pp 1-6 (2013).

VII.Bekir, A., Kaplan, M. “Exponential rational function method for solving nonlinear equations arising in various physical models”. Chin. J. Phys.54(3), 365–370(2016).

VIII.Bulut, H. Baskonus, H.M. and Pandir, Y. “The modified trial equation methodfor fractional wave equation and time fractional generalized Burgers equation”. Abst. Appl. Anal., 2013, Article ID 636802, (2013).

IX.Caputo, M. and Fabrizio, M.A. “A new definition of fractional derivatives without singular kernel”. Math. Comput. Model., Vol. 1, pp. 73-85 (2015).

X.Deng, W. “Finite element method for the space and time fractional Fokker-Planck equation”.Siam J. Numer. Anal., Vol. 47, No. (1), pp 204-226 (2009).

XI.Ege, S.M. and Misirli, E. “Solutions of space-time fractional foam drainage equation and the fractional Klein-Gordon equation by use of modified Kudryashov method”.Int. J. Res. Advent Tech., Vol. 2, No. (3), pp 384-388 (2014).

XII.El-Sayed, A.M.A., Behiry, S.H. and Raslan, W.E. “The Adomin’s decomposition method for solving an intermediate fractional advection-dispersion equation”. Comput. Math. Appl., Vol. 59, No. (5), pp 1759-1765 (2010).

XIII.El-Borai, M.M., El-Sayed, W.G. and Al-Masroub, R.M. “Exact solutions for time fractional coupled Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations via exp-function method”.Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech., Vol. 2, No. (6), pp 307-315 (2015).

XIV.Gomez-Aguilar, J.F., Yepez-Martnrez, H., Escober-Jimenez, R.F., Olivarer-Peregrino, V.H., Reyes, J.M. and Sosa, I.O. “Series solution for the time-fractional coupled mKdV equation using the homotopy analysis method”. Math. Prob. Eng., Vol. 2016, Article ID 7047126, 8 pages2016.

XV.He, J.H., Elagan, S.K. and Li, Z.B. “Geometrical explanation of the fractional complex transform and derivative chain rule for fractional calculus”. Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 376, No. (4), pp 257-259 (2012).

XVI.He, J.H. “Asymptotic methods for solitary solutions and compacts”. Abst. Appl. Anal., Volume2012, Article ID916793, 130 pages(2012).

XVII.Helal, M.A. and Mehanna, M.S. “The tanh-function method and Adomin decomposition method for solving the foam drainage equation”. App. Math. Comput., vol. 190, No. (1), 599-609 (2007).

XVIII.Inc, M. “The approximate and exact solutions of the space and time-fractional Burgers equations with initial conditions by the variational iteration method”. J. Math. Anal. Appl., Vol. 345, No. (1), pp 476-484 (2008).

XIX.Jumarie, G. “Modified Riemann-Liouville derivative and fractional Taylor series of non-differentiable functions further results”. Comput. Math. Appl., Vol. 51, No. (9-10), pp. 1367-1376 (2006).

XX.Kadem, A. and Baleanu, D. “On fractional coupled Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations”. Rom. J. Phys., Vol. 56, No. (5-6), pp 629-635 (2011).

XXI.Kaplan, M. Bekir, A. Akbulut, A. and Aksoy, E. “The modified simple equation method for nonlinear fractional differential equations”. Rom. J. Phys., Vol. 60, No. (9-10), pp 1374-1383 (2015).

XXII.Lu, B. “Backlund transformation of fractional Riccati equation and its applications to nonlinear fractional partial differential equations”.Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 376, pp 2045-2048 ( 2012).

XXIII.Lu, B. “The first integral method for some time fractional differential equations”. J. Math. Appl., Vol. 395, pp. 684-693 (2012).

XXIV.Lu, D., Yue, C. and Arshad, M. “Traveling wave solutions of space-time fractional generalized fifth-order KdV equation”. Advances Math. Phys., Volume 2017, Article ID 6743276, 6 pages, (2017).

XXV.Moatimid, G.M., El-Shiekh, R.M., Ghani, A. and Al-Nowehy, A.A.H. “Modified Kudryashov method for finding exact solutions of the (2+1) dimensional modified Korteweg-de Varies equations and nonlinear Drinfeld-Sokolov system”. American J. Comput. Appl. Math., Vol. 1, No. 1 (2011).

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XXXI.Yepez-Martinez, H., J.M. Reyes and I.O. Sosa, “Fractional sub-equation method and analytical solutions to the Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equation and mKdv equation”. British J. Math. Coumpt. Sci., Vol. 4, No. (4), pp 572-589 (2014).

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Reliable Best-Relay Selection for Secondary Transmission in Co-operation Based Cognitive Radio Systems: A Multi-Criteria Approach

Authors:

J S Banerjee, A Chakraborty, A Chattopadhyay

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00002

Abstract:

Selection of Relay for unlicensed transmission in cooperation based cognitive radio systems is an essential area of research which ensures the transmission performance of the secondary system & at the same time maintains the transmission behavior of the licensed network with respect to the quality-of-service (QoS).So far we have studied Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of a relay node as the sole parameter to judge the BEST relay in the existing research works. This time we have proposed few other important parameters like Reliability and Relative Link Quality (RLQ) of a relay node as seen from the receiver, in order to select the Reliable BEST relay in a more accurate manner from the rest of the lot as the authors believe that for a faithful transmission, the selected best relay should be reliable along with other parameters. We have carried out ample simulation study to find out the reliable best relay applying our proposed fuzzy logic-based scheme. The implementation of the suggested system is verified with the earlier proposed schemes, i.e., fuzzy logic-based, SINR based and without relay have been studied holistically through the Secondary Outage Probability & Bit Error Rate (BER) simulation results. Keywords : Best Relay selection, Relay node, Cognitive radio Systems, Decision making, Fuzzy logic.

Keywords:

Best Relay selection,Relay node,Cognitive radio Systems,Decision making, Fuzzy logic,

Refference:

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Mechanical Prosthetic Arm Adaptive I-PD Control Model Using MIT Rule Towards Global Stability

Authors:

Sudipta Paul, Swati Barui, Pritam Chakraborty, Dipak Ranjan Jana, Biswarup Neogi, Alexey Nazarov

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00003

Abstract:

Abstract The development of prosthetic arm in accordance with the stable control mechanism is the blooming field in the engineering study. The analysis of Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) for Prosthetic arm utilizing Gradient method MIT rule has been presented using controlling system parameters of the D.C motor. Adaptive tuning and performance analysis has been done for controlling hand prosthesis system using Adaptive I-PD controller constraints rationalized time to time in response with variations in D.C motor parameters to track the desired reference model and application of Gradient Method MIT-Rule. Further on, Lyapunov rule has been implemented towards closed loop asymptotic tracking to ensure global stability on nonconformity of plant parameters because adaptive controller design based on MIT rule doesn’t guarantee convergence or stability. Computer-aided control system design (CACSD) and analysis has been done using MATLAB-Simulink towards adaptive controller design and estimation of adaptation gain.

Keywords:

Mechanical Prosthetic Arm,Model Reference Adaptive Control(MRAC),Adaptive I-PD control,Gradient method MIT rule,Lyapunov rule,

Refference:

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The exact traveling wave solutions to the nonlinear space-time fractional modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation

Authors:

Md. Tarikul Islam, M. Ali Akbar, Md. Abul Kalam Azad

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00004

Abstract:

Abstract In this paper, the analytical solutions to the space-time fractional modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (mBBM) equation involving conformable fractional derivative in science and engineering are examined by using the proposed fractional generalized (D G/G)-expansion method, the Exp-function method and the extended tanh method. The suggested equation is converted into ordinary differential equation of fractional order with the aid of a suitable composite transformation and then the methods are applied to construct the solutions. The methods successfully provide many new and more general closed form traveling wave solutions. The obtained solutions may be more effective to analyze the nonlinear physical phenomena relevance to science and engineering than the existing results in literature. The performance of the proposed method is highly noticeable and this method will be used in further works to establish more entirely new solutions for other kinds of nonlinear fractional PDEs.

Keywords:

The fractional generalized (D G/G)-expansion method, the expfunction method,the extended tanh method,nonlinear fractional PDEs,conformable fractional derivative, composite transformation,closed form solutions,

Refference:

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VIII.Feng, J., Li, W. and Wan, Q. “Using )/(GG-expansion method to seek traveling wave solution of Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Piskkunov equation”. Appl. Math. Comput., Vol. 217, PP 5860-5865 (2011)

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