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ATURAL CONVECTION IN A POROUS MEDIUM SATURATED BY NANOFLUID WITH MODIFIED BOUNDARY CONDITION – ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK (ANN) APPROACH

Authors:

Asish Mitra, Dilip Kumar Gayen

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.11.00003

November 26, 2023

Abstract:

In the present numerical study, steady, laminar, two-dimensional flow in a porous medium saturated by nanofluid along an isothermal vertical plate is covered. Here we have considered a realistic situation where the nanoparticle volume fraction at the plate surface (boundary condition) is passively controlled by assuming that its flux there is zero. We make use of the Buongiorno model that treats the nanofluid as a two-component mixture, incorporating the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The Darcy model is employed for the porous medium. By suitable similarity variables, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are altered to a bunch of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. They have been transformed into a first-order system afterward and then integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are produced for this mathematical investigation in a Matlab environment. To accurately predict major parameters (reduced Nusselt number, Nur, Thermophoresis parameter, Nt Brownian motion parameter, Nb and buoyancy-ratio parameter, Nr), an artificial neural network (ANN) is developed, trained, and tested by numerically simulated data. The dependence of the reduced Nusselt number on these parameters is represented through a linear regression correlation.

Keywords:

Artificial Neural Network,Brownian Motion,Isothermal Vertical Plate,Natural Convection,Nanofluid,Porous Medium,Thermophoresis.,

Refference:

I. A Mitra, : “Consequence of Modified Boundary Condition On Natural Convection in a Porous Medium Saturated by Nanofluid – A Computational Approach”, IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci., 1-9, 785, 2021.
II. D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, : “The Cheng-Minkowycz Problem for Natural Convective Boundary Layer Flow in a Porous Medium Saturated by a Nanofluid.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 52, pp. 5792–5795, 2009.
III. D. A. Nield and A. V. Kuznetsov, : “Thermal Instability in a Porous Medium Layer Saturated by a Nanofluid.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. vol. 52, pp. 5796–5801, 2009.
IV. J. A. Ujong, E. M. Mbadike, and G. U. Alaneme, : “Prediction of cost and duration of building construction using artificial neural network”, Asian Journal of Civil Engineering. 23, 1117–1139 (2022).
V. J. Buongiorno, : “Convective transport in nanofluids.” ASME J. Heat Transf. 128 (2006) 240–250.
VI. K.-T. Yang, : “Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs): A New Paradigm for Thermal Science and Engineering”, Journal of Heat Transfer. 130, 093001-1-19 (2008).
VII. M. H. Esfe, M. H. Kamyab and D. Toghraie, : “Statistical review of studies on the estimation of thermophysical properties of nanofluids using artificial neural network (ANN).” Powder Technology. 400, 117210 (2022).
VIII. P. Cheng, and W. J. Minkowycz, : “Free Convection about a Vertical Flat Plate Embedded in a Saturated Porous Medium with Applications to Heat Transfer from a Dike.” Journal of Geophysics Research. vol. 82, pp. 2040–2044, 1977. 7.
IX. P. Ranganathan and R. Viskanta, : “Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow along a Vertical Surface in a Porous Medium.” Numerical Heat Transfer. vol. 7, pp. 305–317, 1984.
X. R. S. R. Gorla and R. Tornabene, : “Free Convection from a Vertical Plate with Non-uniform Surface Heat Flux and Embedded in a Porous Medium.” Transport in Porous Media. vol. 3, pp. 95–106, 1988.
XI. R. S. R. Gorla and A. Zinolabedini, : “Free Convection from a Vertical Plate with Nonuniform Surface Temperature and Embedded in a Porous Medium, Transactions of ASME.” Journal of Energy Resources Technology. vol. 109, pp. 26–30, 1987.
XII. S. Choi, : “Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticle in: D. A. Siginer, H. P. Wang (Eds.), Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows.” ASME MD vol. 231 and FED. vol. 66, 1995, pp. 99–105.
XIII. V. Gholami and H. Sahour, : “Simulation of rainfall-runoff process using an artificial neural network (ANN) and field plots data”, Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 147, 87–98 (2022).
XIV. W. J. Minkowycz, P. Cheng, and C.H. Chang, : “Mixed Convection about a Nonisothermal Cylinder and Sphere in a Porous Medium.” Numerical Heat Transfer. vol. 8, pp. 349–359, 1985.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -11, November 2023

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASEOUS COMPONENT (CO2) DUE TO THE ADDITION OF H2 IN THE FUEL STREAM OF THE COUNTERFLOW CH4/AIR DIFFUSION FLAME

Authors:

Akter Hossain

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00001

December 27, 2023

Abstract:

In this study, a series of 1-D and steady-state numerical simulations have been performed for the prediction of the effect of the addition of H2 on the characteristics of a non-sooting counterflow CH4/Air diffusion flame using detailed chemical reaction model, which is composed of 325 elementary chemical reactions and 53 chemical species. Under the steady-state assumption, a set of one-dimensional transport equations of mass, momentum, species, and energy along with the equation of state has been solved numerically at the atmospheric conditions over the counterflow configuration by exploiting an efficient numerical code, OPPDIF (a Fortran Program for Computing Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames). The grid adaption technique has been used to achieve better convergence as well as to ensure the maximum accuracy of the simulated results. It is found that the flame temperature is increased due to the addition of H2 with CH4, which is injected into the fuel stream. The elevation in the temperature is caused by the augmentation of the integrated heat release rate of the elementary reactions supported by the active radicals (H, O, and OH), which are generated by the higher reactivity of H2. Besides, it is found that the mole fractions of H2O are increased as the percentage of H2 in the loading fuel (CH4) is increased and also, it is identified that the chain propagating reaction, OH + H2 => H2O + H is dominating one which produces highest amount of H2O. Furthermore, it is noticed that the indirect greenhouse gas or precursor, CO is reduced when H2 is added to CH4. Consequently, the mole fraction of the principle greenhouse gas, CO2 is decreased significantly when the fuel, CH4 percentage is modified by the higher percentage of H2. The sensitivity analysis of elementary reactions reveals the fact that the chemical reaction: OH + CO => H + CO2 is a dominating reaction in producing a lower amount of CO2 when the volume fraction of H2 is increased in the fuel (CH4) stream. In the presence of 75 % H2 in CH4, the pressure-dependent reaction, O + CO (+M) => CO2 (+M) appears as another chemical route that also generates greenhouse gas, CO2 but its contribution is negligibly small.

Keywords:

Numerical simulation,Methane,Counterflow diffusion flame,Green fuel (H2),Greenhouse gas (CO2),

Refference:

I. Deng, S. Mueller, M. E., Chan, Q. N., Qamar, N. H., Dally, B. B., Alwahabi, Zeyad, T., Nathan, G. J., : ‘Hydrodynamic and chemical effects of hydrogen addition on soot evolution in turbulent nonpremixed bluff body ethylene flames.’ Proc. Combust. Inst., 36 (1), 807-814 (2017). 10.1016/j.proci.2016.09.004
II. Granata S, Faravelli T, Ranzi E, Nesrin, O., Selim, S., : ‘Kinetic Modeling of counterflow diffusion flames of butadiene.’ Combust. and Flame, 131, 273–284 (2002). 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00407-8

III. Guo, H., Liu, F., Smallwood, G. J., : ‘A numerical study of the influence of hydrogen addition on soot formation in a laminar counterflow ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen diffusion flame.’ ASME Int. Mechanical, 10.1115/IMECE2004-59407

IV. Hossain A., Nakamura Y., : ‘A numerical study on the ability to predict the heat release rate using CH* chemiluminescence in non-sooting counterflow diffusion flames.’ Combust. Flame, 161, 162–172 (2014). 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.021
V. Kenneth K. Kuo, Ragini Acharya, : ‘Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion.’ John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2012). 10.1002/9781118107683

VI. Liu, F., Smallwood, G. J., Gülder, Ö. L., : ‘Numerical study on the influence of hydrogen addition on soot formation in a laminar ethylene–air diffusion flame.’ Combust. and Flame, 145 (1-2), 324-338 (2006). 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.10.016

VII. Lutz, A., Kee R. J., Grcar, Rupley, : ‘A Fortran Program Computing opposed flow diffusion flame.’ SAND96-8243, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA, (1997). 10.2172/568983
VIII. Miao, J., Leung, C.W., Cheung, C. S. Huang, Z.H., Zhen, H.S., : ‘Effect of hydrogen addition on overall pollutant emissions of inverse diffusion flame.’ Energy, 104 (1), 284 – 294, (2016). 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.114

IX. Pandya, T. P., Srivastava, N. K., : ‘Counterflow diffusion flame of ethyl alcohol.’ Combust. Sci. Tech., 5, 83–88 (1972). 10.1080/00102207208952507

X. Pandya T. P., Srivastava, N. K., : ‘Structure of counterflow diffusion flame of ethanol.’ Combust Sci. Tech. 11, 165–180 (1975). 10.1080/00102207508946697
XI. Som, S, Ramirez, A. I, Hagerdorn J, Saveliev, A., Aggarwal, S. K., : ‘A numerical and experimental study of counterflow syngas flames at different pressures.’ Fuel, 87, 319–334(2008).

XII. Sun, C. J, Sung, C. J, Wang H, Law, C. K., : ‘On the structure of non-sooting counterflow ethylene and acetylene diffusion flames.’ Combust. and Flame, 107, 321–335 (1996).

XIII. Tsuji, H. : ‘Counter flow diffusion flames. Prog. Energy.’ Combust Sci., 8, 93–119(1982)

XIV. Wang, Y., Liu, X., Gu, M., Xueliang, : ‘A. Numerical simulation of the effects of hydrogen addition to fuel on the structure and soot formation of a laminar axisymmetricco-flow C2H4/(O2-CO2) diffusion flame.’ Combust. Sci. Tech., 191 (10), 1743-1768 (2019).
XV. Yadav, V. K., Yadav, J. P., Ranjan, P., : ‘Numerical and experimental
investigation of hydrogen enrichment effect on the combustion characteristics of biogas.’ Int. journal of renewable energy research, Vol.8 (3) September, 2018. 10.20508/ijrer.v8i3.7562.g7426
XVI. Zhu, Y., Wu, Jiajia, Zhu, B., Wang, Y., Gu, M., : ‘Experimental study on the effect of hydrogen addition on methane/ethylene diffusion flame soot formation based on light extinction measurement.’ Energy Reports, 7, 673-683 (2021). 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.203
XVII. GRI-Mech 3.0 (berkeley.edu) : http://combustion.berkeley.edu/gri- mech/version30 /text30.html

XVIII. Hydrogen production through electrolysis – H2 Bulletin : https://www.h2bulletin.com/knowledge/hydrogen-production-through-electrolysis/

XIX. GSA. Natural Gas; available at
http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background.asp

XX. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar3/wg1/chapter-4.: Atmospheric Chemistry and Greenhouse Gases.

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Journal Vol – 18 No -12, December 2023

OPTIMAL POLICY OF THE INTERVAL EPQ MODEL USING C-L INTERVAL INEQUALITY

Authors:

Rukhsar Khatun, Goutam Chakraborty, Md Sadikur Rahman

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00002

December 27, 2023

Abstract:

The objective of this work is to study the optimal policy of the classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model under interval uncertainty using interval inequality. To serve this purpose existing arithmetic mean-geometric mean (AM-GM) inequality is extended for interval numbers using c-L interval order relation. Then, using the said AM-GM interval inequality, the optimal policy of the classical EPQ model in the interval environment is developed.  Thereafter, the optimality policy of the classical EPQ model in a crisp environment is obtained as a special case of that of the interval environment. Finally, all the optimality results are illustrated with the help of some numerical examples.

Keywords:

Interval order relation,Generalised AM-GM inequality,c-L minimizer,Interval EPQ,c-L optimal policy,

Refference:

I. Bhunia, A. K., & Samanta, S. S., : ‘A study of interval metric and its application in multi-objective optimization with interval objectives.’ Computers & Industrial Engineering, 74, (2014), 169-178. 10.1016/j.cie.2014.05.014
II. Cardenas-Barron L. E., : ‘The economic production quantity (EPQ) with shortages derived algebraically.’ International Journal of Production Economics, 70, (2001), 289-292. 10.1016/S0925-5273(00)00068-2
III. Das, S., Rahman, M. S., Shaikh, A. A., Bhunia, A. K., & Ahmadian, A., : ‘Theoretical developments and application of variational principle in a production inventory problem with interval uncertainty.’ International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, (2022), 1-20. 10.1080/23302674.2022.2052377
IV. Gani, A. N., Kumar, C. A., & Rafi, U. M., : ‘The Arithmetic Geometric Mean (AGM) inequality approach to compute EOQ/EPQ under Fuzzy Environment.’ International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 118(6), (2018), 361-370.
V. Grubbstrom. R. W., : ‘Material requirements planning and manufacturing resource planning.’ in: Warner. M (Ed.) International Encyclopaedia of Business and Management, Vol.4 Routledge, London, (1996), 3400-3420.
VI. Grubbstrom. R. W. & Erdem. A., : ‘The EOQ with back logging derived without derivatives.’ International Journal of Production Economics, 59, (1999), 529-530. 10.1016/S0925-5273(98)00015-2
VII. Manna, A. K., Rahman, M. S., Shaikh, A. A., Bhunia, A. K., & Konstantaras, I., : ‘Modeling of a carbon emitted production inventory system with interval uncertainty via meta-heuristic algorithms.’ Applied Mathematical Modelling, 106, (2022), 343-368. 10.1016/j.apm.2022.02.003
VIII. Moore, R. E., Kearfott, R. B., & Cloud, M. J., : ‘Introduction to interval analysis.’ Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
IX. Rahman, M. S., Shaikh, A. A. & Bhunia, A. K., : ‘On the space of Type-2 interval with limit, continuity and differentiability of Type-2 interval-valued functions.’ (2019), arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.00644.
X. Rahman, M. S., Duary, A., Shaikh, A. A., & Bhunia, A. K., : ‘An application of parametric approach for interval differential equation in inventory model for deteriorating items with selling-price-dependent demand.’ Neural Computing and Applications, 32, (2020), 14069-14085.
XI. Rahman, M. S., Shaikh, A. A., & Bhunia, A. K., : ‘On Type-2 interval with interval mathematics and order relations: its applications in inventory control.’ International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 8(3), (2021), 283-295. 10.1080/23302674.2020.1754499
XII. Rahman, M. S., & Khatun, R., : ‘Generalised Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean Inequality And Its Application To Find The Optimal Policy Of The Classical EOQ Model Under Interval Uncertainty.’ Applied Mathematics E-Notes, 23, (2023), 90-99.
XIII. Stefanini, L., & Bede, B., : ‘Generalized Hukuhara differentiability of interval-valued functions and interval differential equations.’ Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 71(3-4), (2009), 1311-1328. 10.1016/j.na.2008.12.005

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Journal Vol – 18 No -12, December 2023

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL PARALLEL FULL ADDER USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Authors:

Arunava Bhattacharyya, Asish Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00003

December 27, 2023

Abstract:

A verbal exchange today wishes for quick operational progress. This can be accomplished by replacing devices that are primarily concerned with commutation and logic with photon-based systems instead of the usual data service, the electron. The basic building blocks of superior frames are called gates. With the aid of these gates, various logical and mathematical operations can be performed. All-optical arithmetical and logical processes are eagerly expected in high-speed dialogue frameworks. In this chapter, we've introduced parallel models for adding two binary digits that are based on Sagnac gates with help from semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOAD). We created a Full adder that works in parallel using only two TOADs as total switches. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), we have created a model of this circuit that is equivalent. Utilizing ANN, this circuit design has been validated. This optical circuit is now capable of synthesizing light as an input and successfully structuring the aspiration output in addition to speeding up calculation. This parallel circuit's biggest advantage is that it doesn't need synchronization for distinct inputs. An ANN model was used to analyze this circuit's performance in detail.

Keywords:

artificial neural networks,optical logic,semiconductor optical amplifier,Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer,

Refference:

I. A. Bhattacharyya, D. K. Gayen, and T. Chattopadhyay, : ‘Alternative All-optical Circuit of Binary to BCD Converter Using Terahertz Asymmetric Demultiplexer Based Interferometric Switch.’ in Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Computation and Communication Advancement (IC3A–2013).
II. A. Poustie, K. J. Blow, A. E. Kelly, and R. J. Manning, : ‘All-optical full-adder with bit differential delay.’ Optics Communications 168 (1-4), 89–93 (1999). 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00348-X
III. A. Ryou, J. Whitehead, M. Zhelyeznyakov, P. Anderson, C. Keskin, M. Bajcsy, and A. Majumdar, : ‘Free-space optical neural network based on thermal atomic nonlinearity.’ Photonics Research 9 (4), B128–B134 (2021). 10.1364/PRJ.415964
IV. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, : ‘Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Communications.’ Oxford University Press, UK, 6th Edition (2007).
V. B. Wang, V. Baby, W. Tong, L. Xu, M. Friedman, R. Runser, I. Glesk, and P. Prucnal, : ‘A novel fast optical switch based on two cascaded terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOAD).’ Optics Express 10(1), 15–23 (2002). 10.1364/OE.10.000015
VI. D. K. Gayen, J. N. Roy, C. Taraphdar, and R. K. Pal, : ‘All-optical reconfigurable logic operations with the help of terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer.’ International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 122 (8), 711–718 (2011). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.04.024
VII. D. K. Gayen, T. Chattopadhyay, M. K. Das, J. N. Roy, and R. K. Pal, : ‘All-optical binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversion scheme with the help of semiconductor optical amplifier -assisted sagnac switch.’ IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 5 (2), 123–131 (2011). 10.1049/iet-cds.2010.0069
VIII. D. K. Gayen, : Optical arithmetic operation using optical demultiplexer. Circuits and Systems.’ Scientific Research, 7(11), 3485–3493 (2016). 10.4236/cs.2016.711296
IX. D. K. Gayen, ‘All-Optical 3:8 Decoder with the Help of Terahertz Optical Asymmetric Demultiplexer.’ Optics and Photonics Journal, 6 (7), 184–192, July (2016). 10.4236/opj.2016.67020
X. D. K. Gayen, : ‘Optical parallel half adder using semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Sagnac gates.’ Journal of Mechanics of Continua and Mathematical Sciences, 17 (4), 1-7, April (2022). 10.26782/jmcms.2022.04.00001
XI. H. L. Minh, Z. Ghassemlooy, and W. P. Ng, “ ‘Characterization and performance analysis of a TOAD switch employing a dual control pulse scheme in high speed OTDM demultiplexer.’ IEEE Communications Letters 12 (4), 316–318 (2008). 10.1109/LCOMM.2008.061299
XII. J. H. Kim, S. H. Kim, C. W. Son, S. H. Ok, S. J. Kim, J. W. Choi, Y. T. Byun, Y. M. Jhon, S. Lee, D. H. Woo, and S. H. Kim, : ‘Realization of all-optical full-adder using cross-gain modulation.’ in Proceedings of the Conference on Semiconductor Lasers and Applications, SPIE 5628, 333–340 (2005). 10.1117/12.576410
XIII. J. Zhou, B. Huang, Z. Yan and J-C. G. Bünzli, Emerging role of machine learning in light-matter interaction. Light Science & Application 8, 84 (2019). 10.1038/s41377-019-0192-4
XIV. J. P. Sokoloff, P. R. Prucnal, I. Glesk, and M. Kane, : ‘A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD).’ IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 5 (7), 787–790 (1993). 10.1109/68.229807
XV. J. Gowar, : ‘Optical Communication System.’ Prentice Hall of International Limited, UK, 2nd Edition (1993).
XVI. K. E. Zoiros, J. Vardakas, T. Houbavlis, and M. Moyssidis, : ‘Investigation of SOA-assisted Sagnac recirculating shift register switching characteristics.’ International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 116 (11), 527–541 (2005). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2005.03.005
XVII. K. E. Zoiros, P. Avramidis, and C. S. Koukourlis, : ‘Performance investigation of semiconductor optical amplifier based ultra-fast nonlinear interferometer in nontrivial switching mode.’ Optical Engineering 47 (11), 115006–11 (2008). 10.1117/1.3028348
XVIII. K. Mukherjee, : ‘Method of implementation of frequency encoded all-optical half- adder, half-subtractor, and full-adder based on semiconductor optical amplifiers and add drop multiplexers.’ International Journal for Light and Electron Optics. 122 (13), 1188–1194 (2011). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.07.026
XIX. M Suzuki, H. Uenohara, : ‘Invesigation of all-optical error detection circuitusing SOA-MZI based XOR gates at 10 Gbit/s.’ Electron. Lett, 45 (4), 224–225 (2009). 10.1049/el:20093461
XX. P. Li, D. Huang, X. Zhang, and G. Zhu, : ‘Ultra-high speed all-optical half-adder based on four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier.’ Optics Express, 14 (24), 11839–47 (2006). 10.1364/OE.14.011839
XXI. P. Ghosh, D. Kumbhakar, A. K. Mukherjee, and K. Mukherjee, : ‘An all-optical method of implementing a wavelength encoded simultaneous binary full-adder-full-subtractor unit exploiting nonlinear polarization rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier.’ International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 122 (19), 1757–1763 (2011). 10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.10.039
XXII. Q. Wang, G. Zhu, H. Chen, J. Jaques, J. Leuthold, A. B. Piccirilli, and N. K. Dutta, : ‘Study of all-optical XOR using Mach-Zehnder interferometer and differential scheme.’ IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 40 (6), 703–710 (2004). 10.1109/JQE.2004.828261
XXIII. S. Mukhopadhyay and B. Chakraborty, : ‘A method of developing optical half- and full-adders using optical phase encoding technique.’ in Proceedings of the Conference on Communications, Photonics, and Exhibition (ACP), TuX6, 1–2 (2009).
XXIV. T. Wang, S.-Y. Ma, L. G. Wright, T. Onodera, B. C. Richard and P. L. McMahon, : ‘An optical neural network using less than 1 photon per multiplication.’ Nature Communications 13 (123), 1–8 (2022).
XXV. X. Lin, Y. Rivenson, N. T. Yardimci, M. Veli, Y. Luo, M. Jarrahi, and A. Ozcan, : ‘All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks.’ Science, 361 (6406), 1004–1008 (2018). 10.1126/science.aat8084
XXVI. X. Wu, J. A. Jargon, L. Paraschis and A. E. Willner, : ‘ANN-Based Optical Performance Monitoring of QPSK Signals Using Parameters Derived From Balanced-Detected Asynchronous Diagrams.’ IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 23 (4), 248–250 (2011). 10.1109/LPT.2010.2098025
XXVII. W. Gao, L. Lu, L. Zhou, and J. Chen, : ‘Automatic calibration of silicon ring-based optical switch powered by machine learning.’ Opt. Express 28 (7), 10438–10455 (2020). 10.1364/OE.388931
XVIII. Z. Yu, X. Zhao, S. Yang, H. Chen and M. Chen, : ‘Binarized Coherent Optical Receiver Based on Opto-Electronic Neural Network.’ IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 26 (1), 1–9 (2020). 10.1109/JSTQE.2019.2931251

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Journal Vol – 18 No -12, December 2023

RELIABILITY OPTIMIZATION OF A DEGRADED SYSTEM UNDER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE USING GENETIC ALGORITHM

Authors:

Shakuntla Singla, Diksha Mangla, Poonam Panwar, S Z Taj

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.01.00001

January 20, 2024

Abstract:

The reliability parameters of a Mathematical model are analyzed for a system with three identical units and a standby. In this study, the primary unit is considered more important due to its high cost and working in two types of degraded conditions before a complete malfunction. Under the concept of preventive maintenance, the states of deterioration are reversed. The working of the system under two different efficiencies is discussed. The reliability of the Mathematical model, depending on the availability and working time, has been optimized using the Mathematical tool “Genetic Algorithm”. The optimum values of all parameters based on the exponential distribution are considered to optimize the reliability, and thus provide maximum benefits to the industry. Sensitivity analysis of the availability and the working time is carried out to understand the effects of changing parameters. Graphical and tabular analyses are presented to discuss the results and to draw conclusions about the system’s behavior.

Keywords:

deteriorated state,genetic algorithm,malfunction rate,preventive maintenance,regenerative point graphical technique,sensitivity analysis,

Refference:

I. Bhunia, A.K. and Sahoo, L. (2011). Genetic algorithm based reliability optimization in interval environment. In: Nedjah, N., dos Santos Coelho, L., Mariani, V.C., de Macedo Mourelle, L. (eds) Innovative Computing Methods and Their Applications to Engineering Problems. Studies in Computational Intelligence, 357. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

II. Kumar, J., Bansal, S.A., Mehta, M. and Singh, H. (2020). Reliability analysis in process industries – an overview. GIS Sci J., 7(5), 151-168.
III. Kumari, K. and Poonia, M.S. (2023). Availability optimization of cylinder block in cast iron manufacturing plant using GA. European Chemical Bulletin, 12(4), 17784-17792.

IV. Kumari, S., Khurana, P. and Singla, S. (2022). Behaviour and profit analysis of a thresher plant under steady state. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 13, 166-171.

V. Kumari, S., Singla, S. and Khurana, P. (2022). Particle swarm optimization for constrained cost reliability of rubber plant. Life Cycle Reliability and Safety Engineering, 11(3), 273-277.

VI. Malik, S., Verma, S., Gupta, A., Sharma, G. and Singla, S. (2022). Performability evaluation, validation and optimization for the steam generation system of a coal-fired thermal power plant. MethodsX, 9.

VII. Naithani, A., Khanduri, S. and Gupta, S. (2022). Stochastic analysis of main unit with two non-identical replaceable sub-units working with partial failure. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 13, 1467-1473.

VIII. Naithani, A., Parashar, B., Bhatia, P.K. and Taneja G. (2013). Cost benefit analysis of a 2-out-of-3 induced draft fans system with priority for operation to cold standby over working at reduced capacity. Advanced Modelling and Optimization, 15(2), 499-509.

IX. Sachdeva, K., Taneja, G, and Manocha, A. (2022). Sensitivity and economic analysis of an insured system with extended conditional warranty. Reliability: Theory and Applications, 17, 24–31.

X. Singla, S. and Dhawan, P. (2022). Mathematical analysis of regenerative point graphical technique (RPGT). Mathematical Analysis and its Contemporary Applications, 4(4), 49-56.

XI. Taj, S. Z. and Rizwan, S. M. (2022). Reliability analysis of a 3-unit parallel system with single maintenance facility. Advanced Mathematical Models & Applications, 7(1), 93-103.

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Journal Vol – 19 No -1, January 2024

CONSTRUCTION OF A SPLINE FUNCTION WITH MIXED NODE VALUES

Authors:

Rama Nand Mishra, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Kulbhushan Singh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.01.00002

January 20, 2024

Abstract:

The present paper deals with the lacunary interpolation problem called the mixed values problem or (0, 3; 0, 2) problem for which known data points are function values at all the points, third derivatives at even knots, and second derivatives at odd knots of the unit interval I = [0,1]. For this problem, we obtained an interpolating function. The paper is divided into two parts, where we have shown that the spline function exists and is convergent.

Keywords:

Lacunary interpolation,spline functions,Taylor expansion,modulus of continuity,error bounds,convergence of function,

Refference:

I. Ahlberg, J. H. Nilson, E. N. and Walsh, J. L. The theory of Splines and their Applications, Academic Press, New York, 1967.
II. Burkett, J. and Verma, A.K. On Birkhoff Interpolation (0;2) case, Aprox. Theory and its Appl. (N.S.) 11(2), 59-66, 1995.
III. Carl de Boor, A Practical Guide to splines, Springer-Verlag, 1978B.
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V. Mathur, K. K. and Anjula Saxena, Odd degree splines of higher order, Acta Math. Hung., 62 (3 – 4), 263 – 275,1993.
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VII. Saxena R.B.,On mixed type Lacunary Interpolation II,Acta.Math.Acad.Sci.Hung.14, 1-19, 1963.
VIII. Saxena R.B.,On mixed type Lacunary Interpolation II,Acta.Math.Acad.Sci.Hung.14, 1-19, 1963.
IX. SallamS.On interpolation by quintic Spline, Bull. Fac.Sci.Assiiut.Univ,11(1), 97- 106,1982.
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XII. Singh Kulbhushan, Interpolation by quartic splines African Jour. of Math. And Comp. Sci. Vol. 4 (10), pp.329 – 333, ISSN 2006-9731, 15 September, 2011.
XIII. Singh Kulbhushan, Lacunary odd degree splines of higher order, Proceedings of Conference: Mathematical Science and Applications, Abu Dhabi, UAE, Dec. 26-30, 2012.

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Journal Vol – 19 No -1, January 2024

A NOVEL HYBRID HARMONY SEARCH (HS) WITH WAR STRATEGY OPTIMIZATION (WSO) FOR SOLVING OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Authors:

Sameerah Khaleel, Hegazy Zaher, Naglaa Ragaa Saeid

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.01.00003

January 20, 2024

Abstract:

The usage of nature-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms is increasing due to their simplicity and versatility. These algorithms are widely used in numerous domains, especially in scientific fields such as operations research, computer science, artificial intelligence, and mathematics. Based on the core principles of exploration and exploitation, they provide flexible problem-solving abilities. This study presents a novel method to improve the effectiveness of the War Strategy Optimization (WSO) algorithm for optimization issues. The suggested approach combines the WSO technique with the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, resulting in a hybrid algorithm called H-WSO. The aim is to enhance the overall optimization performance by leveraging the capabilities of both algorithms through the integration of swarm intelligence approaches.     In order to assess the effectiveness of the recently suggested H-WSO algorithm, a set of experiments was carried out on 50 benchmark test functions. These functions included both unimodal and multimodal functions and spanned across different dimensions. The findings from these studies clearly showed a notable enhancement in the efficiency of the H-WSO algorithm when compared to the original WSO algorithm. Various metrics were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, including the optimal fitness function value (Mean), Standard Deviation (St.d), and Median. The H-WSO algorithm regularly shows higher efficiency than the WSO algorithm, making it a promising and practical approach for addressing complicated optimization challenges

Keywords:

Meta-heuristic Algorithms,War Strategy Optimization algorithm,Harmony Search algorithm,Hybrid method,

Refference:

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XIV. O. Edin and S. Manfi, “Semi-parametric regression function estimation for environmental pollution with measurement error using artificial flower pollination algorithm,” vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1375–1389, 2022.
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Journal Vol – 19 No -1, January 2024

ADVANCED THERMOCOUPLE LINEARIZATION METHOD USING ADVANCED POLYNOMIAL FITTING

Authors:

Nilanjan Byabarta, Abir Chatterjee, Swarup Kumar Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.01.00004

January 20, 2024

Abstract:

In this study, this paper presents a new method for linearizing thermocouple data using Python and compares the performance of higher-order polynomial models in achieving linearization. It involves fitting a non-linear model to the thermocouple data using the curve fit function from Python and then calculating the linearized temperature values using the optimized parameters. The paper also presents a comparative analysis of different polynomial models, ranging from 3rd to 12th order, and evaluates their performance in achieving linearization. The results show that higher-order polynomial models generally perform better than lower-order models in achieving linearization, but also have a higher risk of overfitting. The paper concludes that the presented method provides an effective way of linearizing thermocouple data using Python and that the choice of polynomial model should be carefully considered based on the data characteristics and the desired level of accuracy.

Keywords:

Sensor,Linearization,curve fitting,non-linearity,Thermocouple,Python,

Refference:

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Journal Vol – 19 No -1, January 2024

STATE OF ART ON MICROSTRIP RESONATORS, FILTERS, DIPLEXERS AND TRIPLEXERS

Authors:

Yaqeen S. Mezaal, Shahad K. Khaleel, Aqeel A. Al-Hillal, Adham R. Azeez,, Mohammed S. Hemza, Kadhum Al-Majdi

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.02.00001

February 18, 2024

Abstract:

In today's world, communication is essential for various aspects of life. From military operations and medical systems to community networks, communication plays a crucial role in ensuring the smooth functioning of these applications. With the advancement of technology, communication has become more efficient and has significantly reduced the barriers of distance, bringing people and nations closer together. One of the key components of modern communication systems is microstrip devices. These devices are used in a wide range of applications, including filters, diplexers, and triplexers. Filters are used to selectively allow certain frequencies to pass through while blocking others, making them essential for signal processing and interference reduction in communication systems. Diplexers and triplexers are used to combine or separate multiple signals, allowing for more efficient use of the available frequency spectrum. This article aims to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art microstrip devices used in communication systems. It will review previous studies and advancements in the field, providing insights into the latest developments and technologies. By understanding the current state of research and development in microstrip devices, engineers and researchers can gain valuable knowledge to improve the performance and efficiency of communication systems. Furthermore, the article will explore the potential applications of microstrip devices in various communication systems, such as satellite communications, wireless networks, and radar systems. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of these devices will be crucial for optimizing their performance in different scenarios. Overall, this article will serve as a comprehensive resource for anyone interested in the role of microstrip devices in communication systems. Delving into the scope of filters, diplexers, and triplexers, will provide valuable insights into the advancements and potential future developments in this important area of technology.

Keywords:

Microstrip,Bandpass Filter,Diplexer,Triplexer,

Refference:

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VI. A. Rezaei and L. Noori, “Miniaturized microstrip diplexer with high performance using a novel structure for wireless L-band applications,” Wirel. Networks, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1795–1802, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s11276-018-1870-5.
VII. A. Rezaei and L. Noori, “Novel low-loss microstrip triplexer using coupled lines and step impedance cells for 4G and WiMAX applications,” Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1871–1880, 2018, doi: 10.3906/elk-1708-48.
VIII. A. Rezaei, S. I. Yahya, L. Nouri, and M. H. Jamaluddin, “Design of a low-loss microstrip diplexer with a compact size based on coupled meandrous open-loop resonators,” Analog Integr. Circuits Signal Process., vol. 102, no. 3, pp. 579–584, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10470-020-01625-w.
IX. A. Rezaei, S. I. Yahya, S. Moradi, and M. H. Jamaluddin, “A compact microstrip triplexer with a novel structure using patch and spiral cells for wireless communication applications,” Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett., vol. 86, pp. 73–81, 2019, doi: 10.2528/pierl19060104.
X. C. Jayanth, P. Peter, and B. Santhosh, “Optical Triplexer and Diplexer Filter Using Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal,” Journal of Optics (2023): 1-8.‏

XI. C. Sangdao, “Simulation of Triplexer Design for Improving Insertion Loss and Isolation,” in 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2020, 2020, pp. 603–606, doi: 10.1109/ECTI-CON49241.2020.9158285.
XII. C. W. Tang and M. G. Chen, “Packaged microstrip triplexer with star-junction topology,” Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 699-701, 2012.
XIII. D. A. Letavin, “Microstrip diplexer implemented on high-pass and low-pass filters,” in International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices, EDM, 2018, vol. 2018-July, pp. 199–202, doi: 10.1109/EDM.2018.8435001.
XIV. D. K. Choudhary and R. K. Chaudhary, “Compact Lowpass and Dual-Band Bandpass Filter with Controllable Transmission Zero/Center Frequencies/Passband Bandwidth,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 1044–1048, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2019.2931446.
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XVI. F. Fouladi and A. Rezaei, “A six-channel microstrip diplexer for multi-service wireless communication systems,” Eng. Rev., vol. 41, no. 3, 2021, doi: 10.30765/ER.1556.
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XXVI. J. Xu, et al., “Diplexer-integrated spdt switches with multiple operating modes using common fractal stub-loaded resonator,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 1464-1473, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2019.2892732.
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XXVIII. J. Xu, Z. Y. Chen, and H. Wan, “Lowpass-bandpass triplexer integrated switch design using common lumped-element triple-resonance resonator technique,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 471–479, 2020, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2019.2898579.
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Journal Vol – 19 No - 2, February 2024

DEVELOPMENT OF A THEORETICAL MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE EROSION WEAR RATE OF POLYMER COMPOSITES

Authors:

Raffi Mohammed, C Sailaja, Subhani Mohammed, Kiran Kumar Bunga

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2024.02.00002

February 18, 2024

Abstract:

Nowadays Polymeric materials reinforced with synthetic fibers play an incredible role in almost all spheres of day-to-day life due to their elevated stiffness, outstanding strength-to-weight ratio, and electrical, thermal, and wear properties. The accumulation of micro-fillers or particulates in polymeric components reinforced with fibers made from synthetic materials may enhance their properties compared to fiber-reinforced composites. Solid particle erosion of engineering components made up of polymer composites is a major industrial problem, and it is significantly affected by the components' mechanical characteristics and their working environment. Therefore, it's essential to research the polymer composites' solid particle erosion properties. One area that has attracted less research attention is the impact of particle fillers and E-glass fiber reinforcing on erosion wear characteristics. Because of its significance to science and industry, research in this area is especially needed about particle fillers. Furthermore, to properly design a machine or structural component and use materials that will increase wear resistance, one must have a thorough grasp of how every system variable affects wear rate. In this research article, to estimate the erosion damage induced by solid particle impact on composites without conducting the experiment on an air jet erosion test rig, a theoretical model is proposed. The successful implementation of this theoretical model can reduce the experimentation cost with good quantitative accuracy.

Keywords:

Erosion,Erosion Modeling,Air-jet erosion test rig,Operating Parameters,Theoretical Model,

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Journal Vol – 19 No - 2, February 2024