Archive

Abstract:

In cooperative transmission selection of relay is considered to be the crucial factor for reliable transmission where multiple parameters are there for decision making. Again, many existing research works highlighted the problem, but none of them considered the vagueness & uncertainty of the decision makers. Currently, Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) proves to be an advantageous scheme for multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) in fuzzy conditions. This paper provides FAHP-based relay node selection scheme that prioritizes the fuzziness of the decision makers during the relay node selection procedure. Numerical examples and simulation study, both are carried out to find out the best relay. The simulation study reveals the fact that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing systems.

Keywords:

Best Relay selection,Relay node,Cognitive radio Networks,Decision making,analytical hierarchy process,Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process,

Refference:

I.Akyildiz, I. F.; Wang, X. and Wang, W. “Wireless mesh networks: a survey”. Computer networks, 47(4), pp 445-487 (2005).

II.Akyildiz, I. F.; et. al. “CRAHNs: Cognitive radio ad hoc networks”. Ad Hoc Networks, 7(5), pp 810-836 (2009).

III.Buckley J. J. “Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy sets and systems”, 17(3), pp 233-247, (1985)

IV.Banerjee J.S.; Chakraborty A. and Chattopadhyay A. “Fuzzy Based RelaySelection for Secondary Transmission in Cooperative Cognitive RadioNetworks”. In: Proc. OPTRONIX, Springer, pp 279-287 (2017).

V.Banerjee J.S.; Chakraborty A and Chattopadhyay A. “Relay node selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for secondary transmission in multi-user cooperative cognitive radio systems”. In: Proc. ETAEERE, Springer, pp 745-754 (2018).

VI.Banerjee, J. S. and Chakraborty, A. “Fundamentals of Software DefinedRadio and Cooperative Spectrum Sensing: A Step Ahead of CognitiveRadio Networks”. In Handbook of Research on Software-Defined andCognitive Radio Technologies for Dynamic Spectrum Management, IGIGlobal, pp 499-543 (2015).

VII.Banerjee, J.S.; Chakraborty, A. and Karmakar, K. “Architecture ofCognitive Radio Networks”. In N. Meghanathan & Y.B.Reddy (Ed.),Cognitive Radio Technology Applications for Wireless and Mobile AdHoc Networks, IGI Global, pp 125-152 (2013).

VIII.Banerjee, J.S. and Chakraborty, A. “Modeling of Software Defined RadioArchitecture & Cognitive Radio, the Next Generation Dynamic and SmartSpectrum Access Technology”. In M.H. Rehmani & Y. Faheem (Ed.),

Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: Applications, Architectures, and Challenges, IGI Global, pp. 127-158 (2014).

IX. Banerjee, J.S. and Karmakar, K. “A Comparative Study on Cognitive Radio Implementation Issues”. International Journal of ComputerApplications, 45(15), No.15, pp 44-51 (2012).

X.Chakraborty, A. and Banerjee, J. S. “An Advance Q Learning (AQL) Approach for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance of a Mobile Robot”. International Journal of Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics, 3(1), pp 53-73 (2013).

XI.Chakraborty, A.; Banerjee, J. S. and Chattopadhyay, A. “Non-UniformQuantized Data Fusion Rule Alleviating Control Channel Overhead forCooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks”. In: Proc.IACC, pp 210-215 (2017).

XII.FCC (2003). ET Docket No 03-222 Notice of proposed rule making andorder.

XIII.Gao, X.; Wu, G. and Miki, T. “End-to-end QoS provisioning in mobileheterogeneous networks”.Wireless Communications, IEEE, 11(3), pp 24-34 (2004).

XIV.Jing, T.; Zhu, S.; Li, H.; Xing, X.; Cheng, X.; Huo, Y.; … and Znati, T.“Cooperative relay selection in cognitive radio networks”. IEEETransactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(5), pp 1872-1881(2015).

XV.Kandukuri, S. and Boyd, S. “Optimal power control in interference-limited fading wireless channels with outage-probability specifications”.IEEE transactions on wireless communications, 1(1), pp 46-55 (2002).

XVI.Laneman, J. N.; Tse, D. N. and Wornell, G. W. “Cooperative diversity inwireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior”. IEEETransactions on Information theory, 50(12), pp 3062-3080 (2004).

XVII.Mitola, J. and Maguire Jr, G. Q. “Cognitive radio: making software radiosmore personal”. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(4), pp 13-18 (1999).

XVIII.Mitola,J. III.”Cognitive Radio— An Integrated Agent Architecture forSoftware Defined Radio”. Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology, (2000).

XIX.Paul S.; et. al. “A Fuzzy AHP-Based Relay Node Selection Protocol forWireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)”. In: Proc. OPTRONIX 2017(Press), IEEE, Nov. (2017).

XX.Paul S.; et. al.“The Extent Analysis Based Fuzzy AHP Approach for Relay Selection in WBAN”. In: Proc. CISC (Press), AISC-Springer, (2018).

XXI.Saha O.; Chakraborty A. and Banerjee J. S. “A Decision Framework ofIT-Based Stream Selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for

Admission in Technical Institutions”. In: Proc. OPTRONIX 2017 (Press),IEEE, Nov. (2017).

XXII.Saha O.; Chakraborty A. and Banerjee J.S.: A Fuzzy AHP Approach toIT-Based Stream Selection for Admission in Technical Institutions inIndia. In: Proc. IEMIS (Press), AISC-Springer, (2018).

XXIII.Simeone, O.; Gambini, J.; Bar-Ness, Y. and Spagnolini, U. “Cooperationand cognitive radio”. In ICC, IEEE, pp 6511-6515 (2007)

XXIV.Zou, Y.; Zhu, J.; Zheng, B.; Tang, S. and Yao, Y. D. “A cognitivetransmission scheme with the best relay selection in cognitive radionetworks”. In GLOBECOM, IEEE, pp 1-5 (2010).

XXV.Zhang, Q.; Jia, J. and Zhang, J. “Cooperative relay to improve diversity in cognitive radio networks”. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47(2), pp111-117 (2009).

Computational Modelling of Boundary-Layer Flow of a Nano fluid Over a Convective Heated Inclined Plate

Authors:

A Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00006

Abstract:

This paper deals withsteady two dimensional laminar convection flow of nano fluid over aconvective heated inclined plate.Boungiorno model [VI] is employed that treats the nanofluid as a two-component mixture (base fluid plus nanoparticles), incorporating the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.Byappropriate similarvariables, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations of flow are transformed to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Subsequently they are reduced to a first order system and integrated using Newton Raphson and adaptive Runge-Kutta methods. The computer codes are developed for this numerical analysis in Matlab environment. Dimensionless stream function (s), longitudinal velocity (s′), temperature (θ) and nano particle volume fraction (f) are computed and illustrated graphically for various values of thedimensionless parameters relevant to the present problem. The effects of the angle of inclination on longitudinal velocity (s′), temperature (θ) and nano particle volume fraction (f) are discussed. The results of the present simulation are in with good agreement with the previous reports available in literature.

Keywords:

Brownian Motion,Boundary Layer,Convective Boundary Condition,Inclined Plate, Nano fluid,Thermophoresis,

Refference:

I. Alam,M., Rahman,M., Sattar,M.: On the effectiveness of viscous dissipation and joule heating on steady magnetohydrodynamic heat and mass transfer flow over an inclined radiate isothermal permeable surfacein the presence of thermophoresis. Commun.Nonlinear Sci. Numer.Simul.14, 2132–2143 (2009)

II. Anghel, M., Hossain, M.A., Zeb, S., Pop, I., Combined heat and mass transfer by free convection past aninclined flat plate. Int. J. Appl. Mech. Eng. 2, 473–497 (2001).

III. Ishak A., Similarity solutions for flow and heat transfer over a permeable surface with convective boundary condition, Appl. Math. Computation, 217(2010), 837-842. (periodical)

IV. Aziz A., A similarity Solution for Laminar Thermal Boundary Layer over a Flat Plate with a Convective Surface Boundary Condition, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer.Simulat., 14 (2009), 1064-1068.

V.Bianchi M. V. A. and ViskantaR., Momentum and heat transfer on a continuous flat surface movingin a parallel counterflow free stream, W/irme-und Stoff/ibertragung 29, 89-94 (1993)

VI. Buongiorno J., Convective transport in nanofluids, ASME J. Heat Transf. 128 (2006) 240–250.

VII. Choi S., Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticle in: D.A. Siginer, H.P. Wang (Eds.), Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, ASME MD vol. 231 and FED vol. 66, 1995, pp. 99–105.

VIII. Chen, C.H., Heat andmass transfer inMHDflowby natural convection from a permeable, inclined surfacewith variable wall temperature and concentration. Acta Mech. 172, 219–235 (2004)

IX. Khan W. A. and Aziz A., Natural convection flow of a nanofluid over a vertical plate with uniform surface heat flux, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50 (2011) 1207-1214.

X. KuznetsovA.V. and NieldD.A., Natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate, Int. J. Thermal Sciences, 49, (2010) 243–247.

XI. Makinde O. D. and Aziz A., Boundary Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Sheet with Convective Boundary Condition, Int. J. Therm. Sci., 50 (2011), 1326-1332. (periodical)

XII. Mitra A., Computational Modeling of Boundary-Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet ,J. Mech.Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-1, March –April (2018) Pages 101-114.

XIII. NieldD.A. andKuznetsovA.V., Thermal instability in a porous medium layer saturated by a nanofluid, Int.J.Heat Mass Transf, 52 (2009) 5796–5801.

XIV. SuneethaS. and Gangadhar K., Thermal Radiation Effect on MHD Stagnation Point Flow of a Carreau Fluid with Convective Boundary Condition, Open Science Journal of Mathematics and Application, 3(5): 121-127, 2015.

Technical Advancement on Various Bio-signal Controlled Arm- A review

Authors:

SudiptaPaul, Sanjeev Kumar Ojha, Swati Barui, Soumendu Ghosh, Moumita Ghosh, Biswarup Neogi, Ankur Ganguly

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00007

Abstract:

In the recent time,the research and development have been blooming in the field of the prosthetic system,especially on the prosthetic arm.Thispaper emphasizesa precise study of continues advancement of the prosthetic arm. The latest expansions of the prosthetic arm are renovated with implementations of biomedical innovations. Different novel approaches are reflected in a sort of research works with technical progress considering the diverse aspect of complexity, cost, size, material, dexterity, the degree of freedom. A Systematic research and development work on the prosthetic arm and Electromyography(EMG) controlled prosthetic arm devices, Electroneurographysignal (ENG) driven prosthetic arm and devices are deeply specified in this paper. The innate efforts of the scientists and researchers of this field as well as accumulated erudition from various research papers, books and patents areenlightened and assisted in this attempt of drawing a complete overview of arm prosthesis.

Keywords:

Prosthetic Arm,Bio-signal,Electromyography (EMG),Electroneurography (ENG), Electro-Mechanical Arm,

Refference:

I. Aishwarya, R., Prabhu, M., Sumithra, G.& Anusiya, M. (2013), ‘Featureextraction for emg based prostheses control’, ICTACT journal on soft computing 3(2),472–7.

II. Ajiboye, A. B. & Weir, R. F. (2005), ‘A heuristic fuzzy logic approach to emgpattern recognition for multifunctional prosthesis control’, IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering 13(3),280–291.

III.Arieta,A.H.,Yokoi,H.,Arai,T.&Wenwei,Y.(2005),Fesasbiofeedbackforanemg controlledprosthetichand,in‘TENCON20052005IEEERegion10’,IEEE,pp.1–6.

IV. Battye, C., Nightingale, A. & Whillis, J. (1955), ‘The use of myo-electriccurrentsin theoperationofprostheses’,Bone&JointJournal37(3),506–510.

V.Berger, N. & Huppert, C. R. (1952), ‘The useof electrical and mechanicalmuscular forces for the control of an electrical prosthesis.’, The American journal of occupational therapy: official publication of the American OccupationalTherapy Association 6(3),110.

VI. Bifulco,P.,Esposito,D.,Gargiulo,G.,Savino,S.,Niola,V.,Iuppariello,L.&Cesarelli, M. (2017), A stretchable, conductive rubber sensor to detect muscle contraction for prosthetic hand control, in ‘E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB), 2017’, IEEE, pp. 173–176.

VII. Bigg, H. H. (1855), On artificial limbs, their construction and application, John Churchill.

VIII. Bundhoo,V.&Park,E.J.(2005),Designofanartificialmuscleactuatedfingertowards biomimetic prosthetic hands, in ‘Advanced Robotics, 2005. ICAR’05. Proceedings., 12th International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.368–375.

IX. Carozza, M., Cappiello, G., Stellin, G., Zaccone, F., Vecchi, F., Micera, S. & Dario,P. (2005), On the developmentof a novel adaptive prosthetic hand with compliant joints: experimental platform and emg control, in ‘Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2005.(IROS 2005). 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on’, IEEE, pp. 1271–1276.

X. Carpaneto, J., Cutrone, A., Bossi, S., Sergi, P., Citi, L., Rigosa, J., Rossini, P. M. & Micera,S.(2011),Activitiesonpnsneuralinterfacesforthecontrolofhandprostheses, in‘EngineeringinMedicineandBiologySociety,EMBC,2011AnnualInternational Conference of the IEEE’, IEEE, pp.4637–4640.

XI. Carrozza,M.C.,Dario,P.,Vecchi,F.,Roccella,S.,Zecca,M.&Sebastiani,F.(2003), Thecyberhand:onthedesignofacyberneticprosthetichandintendedtobeinterfaced to the peripheral nervous system, in ‘Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2003.(IROS 2003). Proceedings. 2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on’, Vol. 3, IEEE, pp.2642–2647.

XII. Carrozza, M. C., Massa, B., Micera, S., Lazzarini, R., Zecca, M. & Dario, P. (2002), ‘The development of a novel prosthetic hand-ongoing research and preliminary results’,IEEE/AsmeTransactionsonMechatronics7(2),108–114.

XIII. Cavallaro, E., Micera, S., Dario, P., Jensen, W. & Sinkjaer, T. (2003), ‘On the intersubject generalization ability in extracting kinematic information from afferent nervoussignals’,IEEEtransactionsonbiomedicalengineering50(9),1063–1073.

XIV Childress,D.S.(1985),‘Historicalaspectsofpoweredlimbprostheses’,ClinProsthet Orthot 9(1),2–13.

XV Ciancio, A. L., Cordella, F., Barone, R., Romeo, R. A., Bellingegni, A. D.,Sacchetti, R., Davalli, A., Di Pino, G., Ranieri, F., Di Lazzaro, V. et al. (2016), ‘Control of prosthetichandsviatheperipheralnervoussystem’,Frontiersinneuroscience.

XVI Cloutier, A. & Yang, J. (2013), Control of hand prostheses: A literature review, in ‘ASME2013InternationalDesignEngineeringTechnicalConferencesandComputers andInformationinEngineeringConference’,Vol.7,AmericanSocietyofMechanical Engineers.

XVII Dhillon,G.S.&Horch,K.W.(2005),‘Directneuralsensoryfeedbackandcontrolof aprostheticarm’,IEEEtransactionsonneuralsystemsandrehabilitationengineering 13(4),468–472.

XVIII Edell, D., Riso, R., Devaney, L., Larsen, B., Koris, M. & DeLorenzo, D. (1996), Intraneuralmicrostimulationforenhancedprostheticcontrolusingaperipheralnerve interface,in‘EngineeringinMedicineandBiologySociety,1996.BridgingDisciplines for Biomedicine. Proceedings of the 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE’, Vol. 1, IEEE, pp.337–338.

XIX. Eder, C. F. (2015), ‘System for recording electroneurographic activity’. US Patent 9,107,636.

XX. Englehart, K., Hugdins, B. & Parker, P. (2000), ‘Multifunction control of prostheses using the myoelectricsignal’.

XXI. Fukuda, O., Bu, N. & Ueno, N. (2010), Training of grasping motion using a virtual prosthetic control system, in ‘Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 2010 IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.1793–1798.

XXII. Geethanjali, P. & Ray, K. (2011), ‘Identification of motion from multi-channel emg signals for control of prosthetic hand’, Australasian physical & engineeringsciences in medicine 34(3),419–427.

XXIII. Grahn, E. C., Duff, S. J. et al. (2001), ‘A new externally powered, myoelectrically controlled prosthesis for persons with partial-hand amputations at the metacarpals’, JPO:JournalofProstheticsandOrthotics13(2),26.

XXIV. Hauschild, M., Davoodi, R. & Loeb, G. E. (2006), Designing and fitting fes and prosthetic systems in a virtual reality environment, in ‘Virtual Rehabilitation, 2006 International Workshop on’, IEEE, pp.167–173.

XXVHerberts, P., Almstrom, C. & Caine, K. (1978), ‘Clinical application study of multifunctionalprosthetichands’,Bone&JointJournal60(4),552–560.XXVI. Herberts, P., Almström, C., Kadefors, R. & Lawrence, P. D. (1973), ‘Handprosthesis controlviamyoelectricpatterns’,ActaOrthopaedicaScandinavica44(4-5),389–409.

XXVII. Hesse, F. & Herrmann, J. M. (2010), Homeokinetic prosthetic control: collaborative selectionofmyosignalfeatures,in‘RO-MAN,2010IEEE’,IEEE,pp.410–415.

XXVIII. Hong-liu, Y., Sheng-nan, Z. & Jia-hua, H. (2010), Mmg signal and its applications in prosthesis control, in ‘Proceedings of the 4th International Convention on RehabilitationEngineering&AssistiveTechnology’,SingaporeTherapeutic,Assistive & Rehabilitative Technologies (START) Centre, p.58.

XXIX. Huang, H., Jiang, L., Liu, Y., Hou, L., Cai, H. & Liu, H. (2006), The mechanical designandexperimentsofhit/dlrprosthetichand,in‘RoboticsandBiomimetics,2006. ROBIO’06. IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.896–901.

XXX. Ishii, C., Harada, A., Nakakuki, T. & Hashimoto, H. (2011), Control of myoelectric prosthetic hand based on surface emg, in ‘Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), 2011 International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.761–766.

XXXI. Jacobson,S.C.,Knutti,D.F., Johnson,R.T.&Sears,H.H.(1982),‘Developmentof theutahartificialarm’,IEEETransactionsonBiomedicalEngineering(4),249–269. Kamikawa,Y.&Maeno,T.(2008),Underactuatedfive-fingerprosthetichandinspired by grasping force distribution of humans, in ‘Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2008. IROS2008.IEEE/RSJInternationalConferenceon’,IEEE,pp.717–722.

XXXII. Kessler, H. H. & Kiessling, E. A. (1965), ‘The pneumatic arm prosthesis’, The American journal of nursing pp.114–117.

XXXIII. Khezri, M. & Jahed, M. (2007), ‘Real-time intelligent pattern recognition algorithm for surface emg signals’, Biomedical engineering online 6(1),45.

XXXIV. Kim, G., Asakura, Y., Okuno, R. & Akazawa, K. (2006), Tactile substitution system for transmitting a few words to a prosthetic hand user, in ‘Engineering in Medicine andBiologySociety,2005.IEEE-EMBS2005.27thAnnualInternationalConference of the’, IEEE, pp.6908–6911.

XXXV. Kim,K.&Colgate,J.E.(2012),‘Hapticfeedbackenhancesgripforcecontrolofsemg-controlled prosthetic hands in targeted reinnervation amputees’, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 20(6),798–805

XXXVI.Kim,K.,Colgate,J.E.,Santos-Munné,J.J.,Makhlin,A.&Peshkin,M.A.(2010),‘On the design of miniature haptic devices for upper extremity prosthetics’, IEEE/ASME TransactionsonMechatronics15(1),27–39.

XXXVII. Kim, Y.-J., Bhamra, H. S., Joseph, J. & Irazoqui, P.P. (2015), ‘An ultra-low-power rf energy-harvesting transceiver for multiple-node sensor application’, IEEE TransactionsonCircuitsandSystemsII:ExpressBriefs62(11),1028–1032.

XXXVIII. Kundu, S. K. & Kiguchi, K. (2008), Development of a 5 dof prosthetic arm for above elbow amputees, in ‘Mechatronics and Automation, 2008. ICMA 2008. IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.207–212.

XXXIX.Langenfeld, C. C., Evans, C. O., Smith III, S. B., Muller, A. H., Kerwin, J. M., Schnellinger, T. S., Guay, G. M. & Van der Merwe, D. A. (2015), ‘Arm prosthetic device’. US Patent9,114,028.

XL. Lee, H. & Roberson, D. J. (2007), A systemic view of an upper extremityprosthesis, in ‘System of Systems Engineering, 2007. SoSE’07. IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.1–6.

XLI. Lenzi, T., Lipsey, J. & Sensinger, J. W. (2016), ‘The ric armâŁ”a small anthropomorphic transhumeral prosthesis’, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 21(6),2660–2671.

XLII.Li, G. & Kuiken, T. A. (2008), ‘Modeling of prosthetic limb rotation control by sensingrotationofresidualarmbone’,IEEETransactionsonBiomedicalEngineering 55(9),2134–2142.

XLIII.Light,C.,Chappell,P.,Hudgins,B.&Engelhart,K.(2002),‘Intelligentmultifunction myoelectriccontrolofhandprostheses’,Journalofmedicalengineering&technology 26(4),139–146.

XLIV.Magenes, G., Passaglia, F. & Secco, E. L. (2008), A new approach of multi-dof prosthetic control, in ‘Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2008. EMBS 2008. 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE’, IEEE, pp.3443–3446. Marks,G.E.(1888),ATreatiseonMarks’PatentArtificialLimbswithRubberHands and Feet, AAMarks.

XLV. Marquardt, E. (1965), ‘The heidelberg pneumatic arm prosthesis’, Bone & Joint Journal 47(3),425–434.XLVI. Massa,B.,Roccella,S.,Carrozza,M.C.&Dario,P.(2002),Designanddevelopment ofanunderactuatedprosthetichand,in‘Robotic sand Automation,2002.Proceedings. ICRA’02. IEEE International Conference on’, Vol. 4, IEEE, pp.3374–3379.

XLVII. McLeish,R.(1968),‘Adesignstudyofahydraulicallyoperatedartificialarmpowered bynormalwalking’,MedicalandBiologicalEngineeringandComputing6(1),3–17.

XLVIII. Micera,S.&Navarro,X.(2009),‘Bidirectionalinterfaceswiththeperipheralnervous system’, International review of neurobiology 86,23–38.

XLIX.Micera,S.,Carpaneto,J.&Raspopovic,S.(2010),‘Controlofhandprosthesesusing peripheral information’, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 3,48–68.

L. Micera, S., Jensen, W., Sepulveda, F., Riso, R. R. & Sinkjær, T. (2001), ‘Neuro-fuzzy extractio of angular information from muscle afferents for ankle control during standing in paraplegic subjects:ananimalmodel’,IEEET ransactionson Biomedical Engineering 48(7),787–794.

LI. Micera, S., Navarro, X., Carpaneto, J., Citi, L., Tonet, O., Rossini, P. M., Carrozza,M.C.,Hoffmann,K.P.,Vivo,M.,Yoshida,K.etal.(2008),‘Ontheuseoflongitudinal intrafascicular peripheral interfaces for the control of cybernetic hand prostheses in amputees’, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 16(5),453–472.

LII. Montgomery, S. (1968), Paper 12: Design of an experimental arm prosthesis: Engineering aspects, in ‘Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings’, Vol. 183, SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England, pp.68–73.

LIII. Moore, E. J., De Marco, R. M., Foulds, R. A. & Alvarez, T. L. (2003), The implementation of an emgcontrolled robotic arm to motivate pre-college students to pursue biomedical engineering careers, in ‘Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society,2003.Proceedingsofthe25thAnnualInternationalConferenceoftheIEEE’, Vol. 4, IEEE, pp.3517–3520.

LIV. Moradi, M., Hashtrudi-Zaad, K., Mountjoy, K. & Morin, E. (2008), An emg-based force control system for prosthtic arms, in ‘Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. CCECE 2008. Canadian Conference on’, IEEE, pp.001737–001742.

LV.Muzumdar,A.(2004),PoweredUpperLimbProstheses:Control,Implementationand Clinical Application; 11 Tables, Springer Science & BusinessMedia.

LVI.Neogi,B.,Mukherjee,S.,Ghosal,S.,Das,A.&Tibarewala,D.N.(2011),‘Design and implementation of prosthetic arm using gear motor control technique with appropriate testing’,CoRR.

LVII.Nomura, K., Yada, K., Saihara, M. & Yoshida, M. (2006), Interferential current stimulation for sensory communication between prosthetic hand and man, in ‘Engineeringin Medicine and Biology Society,2005.IEEE-EMBS2005.27thAnnual International Conference of the’, IEEE, pp.6923–6926.

LVIII. O’Neill,C.(2014),Anadvanced, low cost prostheticarm,in‘SENSORS,2014IEEE’, IEEE, pp.494–498.

LIX.Parker, P., Englehart, K. & Hudgins, B. (2006), ‘Myoelectric signal processing for control of powered limb prostheses’, Journal of electromyography and kinesiology 16(6),541–548.

LX. Peerdeman, B., Boerey, D., Kallenbergy, L., Stramigioli, S. & Misra, S. (2010), A biomechanical model for the development of myoelectric hand prosthesis control systems, in ‘Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE’, IEEE, pp.519–523.

LXI. Phinyomark, A., Limsakul, C. & Phukpattaranont, P.(2009), ‘A novel feature extractionforrobustemgpatternrecognition’,arXivpreprintarXiv:0912.3973.

LXII. Potluri,C.,Anugolu,M.,Yihun,Y.,Kumar,P.,Chiu,S.,Schoen,M.P.&Naidu,D. S. (2011), Implementation of semg-based real-time embedded adaptive finger force control for a prosthetic hand, in ‘Decision and Control and European Control Conference (CDC-ECC), 2011 50th IEEE Conference on’, IEEE, pp. 861–866.

LXIII. Rieger, R., Schuettler, M., Pal, D., Clarke, C., Langlois, P., Taylor, J. & Donaldson,N. (2006), ‘Very low-noise eng amplifier system using cmos technology’, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 14(4), 427–437

.LXIV. Rodriguez-Cheu, L. E. & Casals, A. (2006), Sensing and control of a prosthetic hand withmyoelectric feedback, in ‘Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, 2006.BioRob2006.TheFirstIEEE/RAS-EMBSInternationalConferenceon’,IEEE, pp.607–612.

LXV. Rossini,P.M.,Micera,S.,Benvenuto,A.,Carpaneto,J.,Cavallo,G.,Citi,L.,Cipriani,C.,Denaro,L.,Denaro,V.,DiPino,G.etal.(2010),‘Doublenerveintraneuralinterface implant on a human amputee for robotic hand control’, Clinical neurophysiology 121(5),777–783.

LXVI. Sasaki, Y., Nakayama, Y. & Yoshida, M. (2002), Sensory feedback system using interferential current for emg prosthetic hand, in ‘Engineering in Medicine and Biology,2002.24thAnnualConferenceandtheAnnualFallMeetingoftheBiomedical Engineering Society EMBS/BMES Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the Second Joint’, Vol. 3, IEEE, pp.2402–2403.

LXVII.VScherillo, P., Siciliano, B., Zollo, L., Carrozza, M., Guglielmelli, E. & Dario, P. (2003), Parallel force/position control of a novel biomechatronic hand prosthesis, in ‘Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, 2003. AIM 2003. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE/ASME International Conference on’, Vol. 2, IEEE, pp.920–925.

LXVIII. Schorsch, J. F., Maas, H., Troyk, P. R., DeMichele, G. A., Kerns, D. A. & Weir, R.F. (2008), Multifunction prosthesis control using implanted myoelectric sensors(imes), MyoelectricSymposium.

LXIX. Seamone, W. & Schmeisser, G. (1972), Development and evaluation of externally poweredupper-limbprosthesis.,in‘S.VeteransAdmin,U,DepMedSurg’.

LXX. Sebastiani,F.,Roccella,S.,Vecchi,F.,Carrozza,M.&Dario,P.(2003),Experimental analysis and performance comparison of three different prosthetic hands designed accordingtoabiomechatronicapproach,in‘AdvancedIntelligentMechatronics,2003. AIM 2003. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE/ASME International Conference on’, Vol. 1, IEEE, pp.64–69.

LXXI. Simpson, D. & Smith, J. (1977), ‘An externally powered controlled complete arm prosthesis’,Journalofmedicalengineering&technology1(5),275–277.

LXXII. Song, R., Tong, K.-y., Hu, X. & Zhou, W. (2013), ‘Myoelectrically controlled wrist robot for stroke rehabilitation’, Journal of neuroengineering andrehabilitation 10(1),52.

LXXIII. Stevenson, D. & Lippay, A. (1968), Paper 7: Hydraulic powered arm systems, in ‘Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Conference Proceedings’, Vol. 183, SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England, pp.37–44.

LXXIV. Su, Y., Fisher, M. H., Wolczowski, A., Bell, G. D., Burn, D. J. & Gao, R. X. (2007), ‘Towards an emg-controlled prosthetic hand using a 3-d electromagnetic positioning system’,IEEEtransactionsoninstrumentationandmeasurement56(1),178–186.

LXXV. Sudarsan,S.,Student Member,I.&Sekaran,E.C.(2012),‘Design and development of emg controlled prosthetics limb’,ProcediaEngineering38,3547–3551.

LXXVI. Tenore, F., Armiger, R. S., Vogelstein, R. J., Wenstrand, D. S., Harshbarger, S. D. & Englehart, K. (2008), An embedded controller for a 7-degree of freedom prosthetic arm,in‘Engineering in Medicineand Biology Society,2008.EMBS2008.30thAnnual International Conference of the IEEE’, IEEE, pp.185–188.

LXXVII. Tomovic, R. & Boni, G. (1962), ‘An adaptive artificial hand’, IRE Transactions on Automatic Control 7(3),3–10.

LXXVIII. Tsuj, T., Fukuda, O., Shigeyoshi, H. & Kaneko, M. (2000), Bio-mimetic impedance control of an emg-controlled prosthetic hand, in ‘Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2000.(IROS2000).Proceedings.2000IEEE/RSJ International Conferenceon’,Vol.1, IEEE, pp.377–382.

LXXIX. Volpe, R. & Khosla, P. (1990),Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a manipulator/sensor/environment model for force control, in ‘Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 1990. Conference Proceedings., IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.784–790.

LXXX. Wang, N., Lao, K. & Zhang, X. (2017), ‘Design and myoelectric control of an anthropomorphic prosthetic hand’, Journal of Bionic Engineering 14(1),47–59.

LXXXI. Watson, B. A. (1885), A treatise on amputations of the extremities and their complications, P. Blakiston, son &Company.

LXXXII. Wilson,A.J.B.(1978),‘Externally powered upper-limb prostheses’,Prosthetics and Orthotics Clinic.

LXXXIII. Zhao, D., Jiang, L., Huang, H., Jin, M., Cai, H. & Liu, H. (2006a), Development of a multi-dof anthropomorphic prosthetic hand, in ‘Robotics and Biomimetics, 2006. ROBIO’06. IEEE International Conference on’, IEEE, pp.878–883.

LXXXIV. Zhao, J., Jiang, L., Shi, S., Cai, H., Liu, H. & Hirzinger, G. (2006b), A five-fingered underactuated prosthetich and system,in‘ Mechatronic sand Automation,Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on’, Ieee, pp.1453–1458.

A novel high speed 0.17mw pseudo divideBy 32/33 dual modulus prescaler

Authors:

Uma Nirmal, V.K. Jain

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00008

Abstract:

n this paper, we implement divide by 32/33 dual modulus prescaler(DMP) using I-ETSPC based: divide by 2/3prescaler and divide by 4/5 by prescaler at 180nm CMOS technology. The divide by 32/33 dual modulus prescaler using 2/3 prescaler and 4/5 prescaler consumes 1.03mW and 0.85mW power from 1.2V and 1V respectively. To further improve speed and reduce design complexity with low power consumption a pseudo divide by 32/33 dual modulus prescaler is proposed. According to simulation results the pseudo divide by 32/33 dual modulus prescaler reaches a maximum 9.2 GHz working frequency at 1V with a 0.17mw power consumption. This prescaler is compared with Proposed I-ETSPC based divide by 32/33 using 2/3 and 4/5 prescalers and also with other recently published divide by 32/33 prescalers.Compared with previous conventional divide by 32/33 DMPs, this design contains fewer transistor numbers.

Keywords:

2/3 prescaler, 4/5 prescaler, divide by 32/33 prescalers, I –ETSPC,Sleepy Keeper Approach,

Refference:

I.C. Lee, L. C. Cho and S. I. Liu, “A 44GHz Dual-Modulus Divide-by-4/5 Prescaler in 90nm CMOS Technology,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC ’06),San Jose, CA, pp. 397-400, 2006.

II.F. P. H. Miranda, J. Navarro and W. A. M. Van Noije, “ A 4 GHz Dual Modulus Divider-by 32/33 Prescaler in 0.35μm CMOS Technology” In Proc. of the 17th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and system design(SBCCI‟04), Pernanbuco, Brazil, pp. 94-99, Sept. 7-11, 2004.

III.F. P. H. Miranda, J. Navarro and W. A. M. Van Noije,“A 4.1 GHz Prescaler Using Double Data Throughput E-TSPC Structures,” In Proc. of the 20th annual symposium on Integrated circuits and system design(SBCCI‟07),Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 123-127, Sept. 3-6, 2007.

IV.J. N. Soares, Jr. and W. A. M. Van Noije, “A 1.6-GHz dual modulus prescaler using the extended true-single-phase-clock CMOS circuit technique (E-TSPC),” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 97–102, Jan. 1999.

V.J.C. Park, V. J. Mooney, P. Pfeiffenberger, “Sleepy Stack Reduction of Leakage Power”,Proceeding of the International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling Optimization and Simulation, pp. 148-158, September 2004.

VI.J. Wu, et al.: “A low-power high-speed true single phase clock divide-by-2/3 prescaler,” IEICE Electron. Express10 (2013) 20120913 (DOI: 10.1587/elex. 10.20120913).

VII.J. Navarro, and G. C. Martins, “Design of High Speed Digital Circuits with E-TSPC Cell Library,” In Proc. of the 24th symposium on Integrated circuits and systems design(SBCCI ’11), João Pessoa, Brazil, pp. 167-172, Aug. 30–Sept. 2, 2011 .

VIII.M. V. Krishna, M. A. Do, K. S. Yeo, C. C. Boon, and W. M. Lim, “Design and analysis of ultra-low power true single phase clock CMOS2/3 prescaler,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 72–82, Jan. 2010.

IX.R Jain, U Nirmal et al “Design and Optimization of Pseudo-NMOS basedImproved extended True Single-Phase Clock Technique low-Power Prescaler”, International Conference on Soft Computing,Intelligent Systems and Applications, April 8-9, 2016, Bangalore, India.

X.R. Jain, U. Nirmal et al., “Low Voltage Low Power 4/5 Dual Modulus Prescaler in 180nm CMOS Technology”, International Conference on Research Advances in Integrated Navigation Systems(RAINS -2016), May 6-7, 2016.

XI.S. Bhargava, U. Nirmal, “AUnified Approach in the Analysis of Prescalers and Dual Modulus Prescalers for low-power systems”International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 12 (2017) pp. 3042-3048.

XII.S. Pellerano , S. Levantino , C. Samori , and A. L. Lacaita, “ A 13.5-mW 5-GHz Frequency Synthesizer with dynamic-logic frequency divider,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 378–383, Feb. 2004.

XIII.Song Jia, Shilin Yan et al, “Low-power, high-speed dual modulus prescaler based on branch-merged true single-phase clocked scheme” ELECTRONICS LETTERS,Vol. 51 No. 6 pp. 464–465, March 2015.

XIV.W.-H. Chen and B. Jung, “High-speed low-power true single-phase clock dual-modulus prescalers,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 144 –148, March 2011.

XV.W Jiang et. Al., “A low-power high-speed true single-phase clock-based divide-by-2/3 prescaler” IEICE Electronics Express, Vol 14, No. 1, 1 –6, 2017.

XVI.Xincun Ji et. Al., “ A 2.4 GHz fractional-N PLL with a low power true single phase clock prescaler ” IEICE Electronics Express, Vol 14, No. 8, 1 –8, 2017.

XVII.X.P. Yu, M.A. Do, W. M. Lim, K. S. Yeo, and J. G. Ma, “Design and optimization of the extended true single-phase clock-based prescaler,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 3828–3835, Nov. 2006.

XVIII.Z. Deng and A. Niknejad, “The speed-power trade-off in the design of CMOS true-single-phase-clock dividers,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2457 –2465, Nov. 2010.

Observing the effect of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based PID Controller

Authors:

Akash Maitra, Arnob Senapati, Souvik Chatterjee, Bodhisatwa Bhattacharya, Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, Binanda Kishore Mondal, Sudipta Ghosh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.06.00009

Abstract:

Observing the effect of PSO algorithm on the PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller is an advanced approach for getting a stable and linear response of any system. From few decades conventional PID tuning rules are used for analyzing any complex system. But these rules did not give always a satisfactory result as our requirement. That’s why a better algorithm was introduced which is actually based on Evolutionary Computation method. This methodology provides a very high accuracy in the response in comparison with other tuning rules.From thevery past, PID controller has been very popular and is being used in maximum industries. So, there’s always a need to control the accuracy and efficiency of the controller because depending on this controller the whole industry might be functioning. If any large error occurs in the controller (PID), the functioning of the industry might be hampered. That’s why using PSO algorithm for determining the PID parameter is a good idea to get an efficient and accurate output. This approach may help in future to improve the performance of PID controller and also may help to reduce errors encountered in the industries.

Keywords:

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO),Evolutionary Computation Method,PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller,Ziegler-Nichols tuning method,

Refference:

I.Ankita Nayak, Mahesh Singh. “Study of Tuning of PID controllers by using Particle Swarm Optimization”. Int. J. Adv. Engg. Res. Studies/IV/II/Jan.-March,2015/346-350.

II.Arnob Senapati, A. K. Kashyap, B. K. Mondal, S. Chattarjee. “Speed performance Analysis of DC Servomotor Using Linear and Non Linear Controller”.International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, Volume 6 Issue III, March 2018.

III.K.Lakshmi Sowjanya, L.Ravi Srinivas. “Tuning of PID controllers using Particle Swarm Optimization”. IJIEEE, Volume-3, Issue-2, Feb-2015.

IV.Mahmud Iwan Solihin, Lee Fook Tack, Moey Leap Kean. “Tuning of PID controllers using Particle Swarm Optimization”. ISC 2011, Malaysia, 14-15 January 2011.

V.Neha Kundariya, Jyoti Ohri. “Tuning of PID Controller for Time Delayed Process using Particle Swarm Optimization”. IJSET, Volume No.2, Issue No.7, PP: 665-669.

VI.S. Easter Selvan, Sethu Subramanian, S. Theban Solomon. “Novel Technique for PID Tuning by Particle Swarm Optimization”.

VII.S.M.GirirajKumar, Deepak Jayaraj, Anoop.R.Kishan. “PSO based Tuning of a PID Controller for a High Performance Drilling Machine”. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), Volume 1-No. 19.

VIII.Subhojit Malik, Palash Dutta, Sayantan Chakrabarti, Abhishek Barman. “Parameter Estimation of a PID Controller using Particle Swarm Optimization”. IJARCCE, Vol. 3, Issue 3, March 2014.

IX.Turki Y. Abdalla, Abdulkareem. A. A. “PSO-based Optimum design of PID Controller for Mobile Roboat Trajectory Tracking”. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975-8887), Volume 47-No. 23, June 2012.

Some Problems in Thermoplasticity

Authors:

Lakshmi Kanta Roy

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00001

Abstract:

This paper is concerned with some radially and axially symmetric problems of Thermoplasticity of perfectly plastic and work-hardening material. The case of circular cylinder, circular beam of rectangular cross-section and hollow sphere of perfectly plastic and linear work-hardening material satisfying thermoplasticity equations have been investigated

Keywords:

Lakshmi Kanta Roy,Perfectly Plastic material,Linear Work-hardening material,

Refference:

IBishop, R.F., Hill, R.And Mott, N.F. (1969), Proc. Phys.Soc.57.147.

II. Boley, A.B. and Weiner, J.H. (1967), Theory of Thermal stresscs, p-288.

III. Carslaw, H.S. and Jaeger, J.C. (1959), Conduction of heat in solids.

IV. Goerens, P. and Mailander, R. (1927), Abhangigkeit der mechanishen Engenschaften der stahle und andever Metallen von temperature Forschungsarfeiten VDI.

V. Hill, R.(1950),Theory of plasticity, Oxford University Press.VI. Hopkins, H.G. (1960), Progress in solid Mechanics Vol.-I.

VII. Rogozinski, M. (1954), Non-homogenity in elasticity and Plasticity

VIII. Roy, Lakshmikanta, Journal of Mechanics of Continua & Mathematical Sciences, Vol.2, No.-2,P-80-90,July-2007.

IX. Roy, Lakshmikanta, Journal of Mechanics of Continua & Mathematical Sciences, Vol.10, No.-2,P-1511-1520,January-2016.

X. Sengupta, P.R. (1969), Ind. Jour. Mech and Math. Special Issue Part II p. 80.

Similarity solution of heat and mass transfer of a thin liquid film over moving saturated porous medium in presence of thermal radiation

Authors:

Rabeya Akter, Md. Hasanuzzaman, Akio Miyara

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00002

Abstract:

Similarity solution ofheat and mass transfer in a thin liquid film over amoving saturated porous medium in the presence of thermal radiation has been considered. By using shooting technique, the governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations in MATLAB.The flow phenomenon has been characterized with the help of obtained flow controlling parameters such asPrandtl number, Darcy number, Schmidt numberand other driving parameters. The effects of dimensionless parameters on the boundary layer velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are presented both analytically and graphically.Moreover, the physical parameters such as skin friction, local Nusselt number as well as local Sherwood number are presented both analytically and graphically.

Keywords:

Numerical solution,moving sheet,porous medium, thermal radiation,thin liquid film,

Refference:

I.Chang CL, Lee ZY. Free convection on a vertical plate with uniform andconstantheat flux in athermally stratified micropolar fluid, Mech Res Commun.35(2008), 421–427.

II.Cheng CY. Combined heat and mass transfer in natural convection flow from a vertical wavy surfacein a power-law fluid saturated porous medium with thermal and mass stratification,Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer 36(2009), 351–356.

III.Cheng, P., Combined free and forced convection flow about inclined surfaces in porous media,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 20(1977),807–814.

IV.Cheng, P., Minkowycz, W.J., Free convection about a vertical flat plate embedded in a porous medium with application to heat transfer from a dike,J. Geophys. Res. 82(1977), 2040–2044.

V.Crane, L.J., Flow past a stretching plane,Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 21(1970), 645–647.VI.C.Y. Wang, Liquid film on an unsteady stretching sheet, Quarter. Appl. Mathe. 48 (1990) 601–610.

VII.Dutta, B.K., Gupta, A.S., Cooling of a stretching sheet in a viscous flow, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.26(1987), 333–336.

VIII.Gupta, P.S., Gupta, A.S., Heat and mass transfer on a stretching sheet with suction or blowing,Can. J. Chem. Eng. 55(1977), 744–746.

IX.H.I. Andersson, J.B. Aarseth, B.S. Dandapat, Heat transfer in a liquid film on an unsteady stretching surface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2000) 69–74.

X.Hooper, W.B., Chen, T.S., Armaly, B.F., Mixed convection from a vertical plate in porous media with surface injection or suction,Numer. Heat Transfer 25(1993), 317–329.

XI.IbrahimW, Makinde OD. The effect of double stratification on boundary-layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluid over a vertical plate,Comp Fluids 86(2013), 433–441.

XII.I.C. Liu, H.I. Andersson, Heat transfer in a liquid film on an unsteady stretching sheet, Int. J. Therm. Sci. 47 (2008) 766–772.

XIII.Wright, S.D., Ingham, D.B., Pop, I., On natural convection from a vertical plate with a prescribed surface heat flux in porous media,Trans. Porous Med. 22(1996), 181–193.

XIV.Merkin, J.H., On dual solutions occurring in mixed convection in a porous medium,J. Eng. Math. 20(1985), 171–179.

XV.Noor, N.F.M., Hashim, I., Thermocapillarity and magnetic field effects in a thin liquid film on anunsteady stretching surface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 53(2010), 2044–2051.

XVI.Raptis, A., Flow of a micropolar fluid past a continuously moving plate by the presence of radiation,Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 41(1998), 2865–2866.XVII.Raptis, A., Radiation and viscoelastic flow,Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 26(1999), 889–895.

XVIII.Srinivasacharya D, Reddy CR. Effect of double stratification on mixed convection in a micropolar fluid, Matematika. 28(2012), 133–149.

XIX.Srinivasacharya D, Surender O. Effect of double stratification on mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate in a porous medium,Appl Nanosci. 5(2015), 29–38.

XX.Srinivasacharya D, Surender O. Non-Darcy mixed convection in a doubly stratified porous medium with Soret-Dufour effects,Int J Eng Math. 2014(2014), 126218.

XXI.Wright, S.D., Ingham, D.B., Pop, I., On natural convection from a vertical plate with a prescribed surface heat flux in porous media,Trans. Porous Med. 22(1996), 181–193.

XXII.Yih, K.A., The effect of uniform lateral mass flux on free convection about vertical cone embedded in a saturated porous medium. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer 24(1997.) 1195–1205.

Biomethanation – A source of clean alternative fuel for Electric Power Generation and sustainable development in rural India

Authors:

Sujit Dhar, Biswajit Dutta, Pradip Kumar Sadhu, Debabrata Roy, Ankur Ganguly

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00003

Abstract:

Biogas is obtained from biomethanation of biomass waste. The present work aims at a detailed discussion of the different factors affecting the perforation of biomethanation process. Some case studies have been presented to show the techno-economical feasibility of different plants, based on different locally available biomass. In most of the cases plants are installed against adequate financial support with subsidy, but the performance of the plants is being affected due to lack of technical knowhow. Effects of different process parameters such as PH-value, temperature, C/N ratio on biogas generation, needs to be taken care of to ensure maximum generation rate with highest yield. Since biomass is locally available, harnessing energy from it may be a probable solution to end the energy crisis in rural areas which are remote from the power grid, thereby providing immense potential for electrification, application to a large number of industries and last but not the least domestic purpose using Biogas.

Keywords:

Non-conventionalenergy,Bio-methanation,Bio-gas plant,Economic analysis,

Refference:

I.Achawangkul,Y.,Maruyama,N.,Hirota,M.,Chaichana,C., &Sutabutr,T. (2016). Evaluation on environmental impact from the utilization of fossil fuel, electricity and biomass producer gas in the double-chambered crematories. Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN: 0959-6526,134(B), 463-468.

II.Aneke,M.,&Wang,M. (2017).Thermodynamic Comparison of alternative Biomass Gasification Techniques for producing Syngas for Gas Turbine Application. Energy Procedia, ISSN: 1876-6102, 142, 829-834.

III.Baul,T.K., Datta,D., &Alam,A. (2018).A comparative studyon household level energy consumption and related emissions from renewable (biomass) and non-renewable energy sources in Bangladesh. Energy Policy, ISSN: 0301-4215, 114, 598-608.

IV.Belviso,C. (2018).State-of-the-art applications of fly ash from coal and biomass: A focus on zeolite synthesis processes and issues. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,ISSN: 0360-1285, 65, 109-135.

V.Duque,A.,Manzanares,P., &Ballesteros,M. (2017).Extrusion as apretreatment for lignocellulosic biomass: Fundamentals and applications.Renewable Energy,ISSN: 0960-1481, 114(B), 1427-1441.

VI.Ferreira,S.,Monteiro,E,Brito,P., &Vilarinho,C. (2017).Biomass resources in Portugal: Current status and prospects. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, 78, 1221-1235.

VII.Geels,F. W., &Johnson,V. (2018). Towards a modular and temporalunderstanding of system diffusion: Adoption models and socio-technical theories applied to Austrian biomass district-heating (1979–2013). Energy Research & Social Science,ISSN: 2214-6296, 38, 138-153.

VIII.Halder, P.K.,Paul, N., &Beg, M.R.A.(2014).Assessment of biomass energy resources and related technologies practice in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, 39, 444-460.

IX.Hamamre,Z. A., Saidan,M.,Hararah,M.,Rawajfeh,K., &Shannag,M. A. (2017). Wastes and biomass materials as sustainable-renewable energy resources for Jordan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,ISSN: 1364-0321, 67, 295-314.

X.Hossen, M. M., Rahman, A. H. M. S.,Sara Kabir, A. S., Hasan, M. M. F., &Ahmed, S. (2017). Systematic assessment of the availability and utilization potential of biomass in Bangladesh. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321,67, 94-105.

XI.Islam, M. S., Akhter, R., &Rahman, M. A. (2018). A thorough investigation on hybrid application of biomass gasifier and PV resources to meet energy needs for a northern rural off-grid region of Bangladesh: A potential solution to replicate in rural off-grid areas or not?.Energy, ISSN: 0360-5442,145, 338-355.

XII.Isoni, V.,Kumbang, D.,Sharratt, P.N., &Khoo, H.H.(2018). Biomass to levulinic acid: A techno-economic analysis and sustainability of biorefinery processes in Southeast Asia.Journal of Environmental Management,ISSN: 0301-4797, 214, 267-275.

XIII.Jiang, Y., Werf, E. V. D., Ierland,E. C. V., &Keesman,K. J. K. (2017). The potential role of waste biomass in the future urban electricity system. Biomass and Bioenergy,ISSN: 0961-9534, 107, 182-190.

XIV.Khare, R., &Kumar,Y. (2016). A novel hybrid MOL–TLBO optimized techno-economic-socio analysis of renewable energy mix in island mode. Applied Soft Computing,ISSN: 1568-4946, 43, 187-198.

XV.Kim, S. B., Kim, D. S., Yang, J. H., Lee, J., &Kim, S. W. (2016). Utilization of hydrolysate from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment to generate electricity by enzymatic fuel cell system.Enzyme and Microbial Technology, ISSN: 0141-0229, 85, 2016, Pages 32-37.

XVI.Macedo, W. N., Monteiro, L. G., Corgozinho, I. M., Macêdo, E. N., &Bacha, L. (2016) Biomass based microturbine system for electricity generation for isolated communities in amazon region. Renewable Energy,ISSN: 0960-1481, 91, 323-333.

XVII.Mamvura,T.A.,Pahla, G., &Muzenda,E. (2018).Torrefaction of waste biomass for application in energy production in South Africa.South African Journal of Chemical Engineering,ISSN: 1026-9185, 25, 1-12.

XVIII.Mendes, F.M.,Dias, M.O.S.,Ferraz, A.,Milagres, A.M.F. &Bonomi,A. (2017). Techno-economic impacts of varied compositional profiles of sugarcane experimental hybrids on a biorefinery producing sugar, ethanol and electricity. Chemical Engineering Research and Design,ISSN: 0263-8762, 125, 72-78.

XIX.Monroy,C. R.,Acitores,C. M., &Cifuentes,G. N. (2018).Electricity generation in Chile using non-conventional renewable energy sources –A focus on biomass.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, 81(1), 937-945.

XX.Osikowska,A. S., Kotowicz, J., &Uchman,W. (2017). Thermodynamic assessment of the operation of a self-sufficient, biomass based district heating system integrated with a Stirling engine and biomass gasification.Energy,ISSN: 0360-5442, 141, Pages 1764-1778.

XXI.Proskurina,S.,Heinimö,J.,Schipfer,F., &Vakkilainen,E. (2017).Biomass for industrial applications: The role of torrefaction.Renewable Energy, ISSN: 0960-1481, 111, 265-274.

XXII.Qin, Z., Zhuang, Q., Cai, X., He, Y., &Wang, M. Q. (2018). Biomass and biofuels in China: Towardbioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,ISSN: 1364-0321, 82(3), 2387-2400.

XXIII.Sansaniwal, S.K.,Rosen, M.A., &Tyagi S.K.(2017).Global challenges in the sustainable development of biomass gasification: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, 80, 23-43.

XXIV.Sarkis, R. B., &Zare, V. (2018). Proposal and analysis of two novel integrated configurations for hybrid solar-biomass power generation systems: Thermodynamic and economic evaluation. Energy Conversion and Management, ISSN: 0196-8904, 160, 411-425.

XXV.Schuenemann, F.,Msangi, S.,&Zeller, M. (2018). Policies for a Sustainable Biomass Energy Sector in Malawi: Enhancing Energy and Food Security Simultaneously.World Development, ISSN: 0305-750X, 103, 14-26.

XXVI.Suzuki,K.,Tsuji, N., Shirai,Y., Hassan, M. A., &Osaki,M. (2017). Evaluation of biomass energy potential towards achieving sustainability in biomass energy utilization in Sabah, Malaysia. Biomass and Bioenergy, ISSN: 0961-9534,97, 149-154.]

XXVII.Tan,S. T.,Hashim,H.,Rashid,A. H. A.,Lim,J. S.,&Jaafar,A. B. (2018). Economic and spatial planning for sustainable oil palm biomass resources to mitigate transboundary haze issue.Energy, ISSN: 0360-5442, 146, 169-178.

XXVIII.Tan, S. T., Hashim, H., Rashid, A. H. A., Lim, J. S., &Jaafar, A. B. (2018). Economic and spatial planning for sustainable oil palm biomass resources to mitigate transboundary haze issue.Energy, ISSN: 0360-5442, 146, 169-178.

XXIX.Toklu, E. (2017). Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable Energy, ISSN: 0960-1481,107, 235-244.

XXX.Verma,M.,Loha, C., Sinha, A. N., &Chatterjee,P. K. (2017).Drying of biomass for utilising in co-firing with coal and its impact on environment –A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, ISSN: 1364-0321, 71, 732-741.

XXXI.Wei, R., Zhang, L.,Cang,D.,Li, J., &Xu,C. C. (2017). Current status and potential of biomass utilization in ferrous metallurgical industry.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,ISSN: 1364-0321, 68(1), 511-524.

XXXII.Yu,J., &Smith,J.D.(2018).Validation and application of a kinetic model for biomass gasification simulation and optimization in updraft gasifiers.Chemical Engineering and Processing -Process Intensification, ISSN: 0255-2701,125, 214-226.

XXXIII.Zhang, X., Che, Q., Cui, X., Wei, Z., &Chen,H. (2018). Application ofbiomass pyrolyticpolygeneration by a moving bed: Characteristics of products and energy efficiency analysis. Bioresource Technology, ISSN: 0960-8524,254, 130-138.

XXXIV.Zimmer, T., Rudi, A., Müller, A. K., Fröhling, M., &Schultmann, F. (2017). Modeling the impact of competing utilization paths on biomass-to-liquid (BtL) supply chains. Applied Energy, ISSN: 0306-2619,208, 954-971.

Steady State Stability Analysis of a CSI-fed synchronous motor drive using Digital modeling

Authors:

Shazia Hasan, A.B.Chattopadhyay, Mohammed Abdul Jabbar, Sunil Thomas

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00004

Abstract:

This paper develops a digital model of a current source Inverter fed three phase synchronous motor drive system from the view point of steady state stability aspect. The motivation lies in the fact that to control any electrical drive system digital controller is needed. To develop the software and hardware of such controller, a suitable digital model of the original drive system becomes necessary. Approach to develop the model in s-domain has been outlined and then z-transform has been applied. Different aspects of the model like the stability assessment using pole-zero mapping, Jury’s test, range of coefficients of characteristic equation for stability etc., have been computed leading to various graphical plots. Furthermore perturbation of machine design parameters have been modeled from the view point of stability assessment with necessary computational results.

Keywords:

CSI fed Synchronous Motor,Z transform,Jury‟s test,mpulse response, stability analysis,

Refference:

I.A.B. Chattopadhyay, Sunil Thomas and Ruchira Chatterjee, “Analysis of Steady State Stability of a CSI Fed Synchronous Motor Drive System with Damper Windings included”, Trends in Applied SciencesResearch,2011.

II.A.B. Chattopadhyay and Sunil Thomas,2014.Modeling and Simulation of Current Source Inverter Fed Synchronous Motor in Complex Frequency Domain Taking the Transition Zone From Induction Motor to Synchronous Motor Mode into Account.Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology,7(6):1489-1499. DOI: 10.19026/rjaset.7.424.

III.A.K Paul, I Banerjee, B K Santra and N Neogi”Application of AC motors and drives in Steel Industries” Fifteenth National Power Systems Conference (NPSC), IIT Bombay, December 2008.

IV.D.M. Van de Sype, ”Kleinsignaalmodellering van digitaal gestuurde schakelende energie-omzetters” PhD dissertation, Ghent University, 2004

V.D.M. Van de Sype, K. De Gussem, F. De Belie, A. Van den Bossche and J. Melkebeek, ”Small-signal z-domain analysis of digitally controlled converters” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, Nr. 2, pp. 470-478,

VI.F. J. Lin, Y. T. Liu and W. A. Yu, “Power Perturbation Based MTPA With an Online Tuning Speed Controller for an IPMSM Drive System,” inIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 3677-3687, May 2018.doi:10.1109/TIE.2017.2762634.

VII.F. J. Lin, Y. C. Hung, J. M. Chen, C. M. Yeh, “Sensorless IPMSM drive system using saliency back-EMF-based intelligent torque observer with MTPA control”,IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1226-1241, May,2014.

VIII.H. H. Choi, N. T. T. Vu, J. W. Jung, “Digital implementation of an adaptive speed regulator for a PMSM”,IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 3-8, Jan. 2011.

IX.H. Mahmoudi, M. Aleenejad and R. Ahmadi, “Modulated Model Predictive Control for a Z Source Based Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive System,” inIEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,vol. PP, no. 99,pp.1-1.doi:10.1109/TIE.2017.2787566.

X.L. Samaramayake and Y.K. Chin, “Speed synchronized control ofpermanent magnet synchronous motors with field-weakening,”International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, EuroPES2003, vol. 3, pp. 547-552, Sep. 2003.

XI.Pillay, P and Krishnan. R “Application Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Btushless dc Motors for Servo Wives”, IEEE Trans on Ind Applications, Vol 27, pp 986-996, 1991

XII.Shiyoung Lee, Byeong-Mun Song, Tae-Hyun Won “Evaluation of Software Configurable Digital Controller for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor using Filed oriented Control”,42nd South Eastern Symposium on System Theory University of Texas at Tyler Tyler, TX, USA, March 7-9, 2010.

XIII.Yang Zheng, Z. Wang and Jianzhong Zhang, “Research of harmonics and circulating current suppression in paralleled inverters fed permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system,”2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Busan, 2013,pp. 1068-1073

Frequency Diversity Improvement Factor Using Different MIMO Techniques for Rain Fade Mitigation in South-East Asia

Authors:

Trilochan Patra, Sanjib Sil, Manabendra Maity

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00005

Abstract:

Signal attenuation due to rain is an important barrier in the Microwave Communication field. In the terrestrial region like South-East Asia the microwave signals operating at higher frequency ranges are attenuated due to rain and other atmospheric obstacles like water vapor, ice particle etc. In this paper we have used different MIMO techniques like 2x2, 3x3 and 4x4 and also constructed a model. We study the frequency diversity improvement factor for the developed model for different fade margins using 4X4 MIMO techniques. Then we compare this study with ITU-R model. We have got the better result for prediction model using 4x4 MIMO techniques for the frequency range 50-90 GHz.

Keywords:

Frequency diversity,Diversity improvement factor,Rain fade mitigation,MIMO Techniques,

Refference:

I.Charilaos, I.K. and Athanasios, D.P. „„Multi Satellite MIMO Systems at Ka Band and Above: Outage Capacity Analysis Using Bivariate IG Distribution‟‟. IEEE 8thEuropean conference on Antenna and propagation (EuCAP), The Hague, Netherlands, 6-11 April (2014).

II.Hodge, B. D. „„An Improved Model for Diversity Gain On Earth-Space Propagation Paths‟‟. Radio Sci., Volume 17, No.6, pp-1393–1399(1982).

III.Islam, M.R.; Altajjar, L.M; Rashid, M.M and Bashar, L.K. „„Frequency Diversity Improvement Factor for Rain Fade Mitigation in Malaysia‟‟ IEEE international WIE conference on electrical and computer engineering, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 19-20 Dec (2015).

IV.ITU-R (2012). Propagation Data And Prediction Methods Required For the Design of Terrestrial Line-of-Sight Systems. ITU-R P.530-14.

V.ITU-R (2013) Propagation Data And Prediction Methods Required For the Design Of Earth-Space Telecommunication Systems. ITU-R P.618/11.

VI.Islam,M.R;Chebil, Jand Tharek, A.R.“Frequency Scaling of Rain Attenuation From 23-To 38-GHz Microwave Signals Measured In Malaysia”, Proceedings of Asia Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), Singapore, 30 Nov –3 Dec(1999).

VII.Kesavan,U;Tharek,A.R;Rahim, S.K.A& Islam,M.R.“Review of Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropical and Equatorial Regions in Malaysia –An Overview”, Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, Volume: 55,No.1, pp. 103-113 (2013).

VIII.Laster, J.D and Stutzman, W.L.„„Frequencyscaling of rain attenuation for satellite communication links‟‟.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol-43,No (11),pp-1207-1216 (1995)

IX.Majithiya,P; Sisodia, K.A; Muralidhar, Vand Garg, K.V.„„Novel down link rain fade mitigation technique for Ka-band multibeam systems‟‟ International journal of Satellite communication and networking, Wiley InterScience, pp-45-51(2006).

X.Pan, Q. W., Allnutt, J. E., and Tsui C. „„Evaluation of Diversity and Power Control Techniques for Satellite Communication Systems in Tropical and Equatorial Rain Climates‟‟. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 56, No. 10(2008).

XI.Patra,T andSil, S „„Frequency Diversity Improvement factor for Rain Fade Mitigation Technique for 50-90 GHz in tropical region‟‟ IEEE conference (IEMECON), Thailand, 16-18 August (2017).

XII.Saam,J.T.„„Protocols for Rain Fade Mitigation Using Simultaneous X/Ka Communications‟‟ published in IEEE military communication conference,San Jose, CA, USA.,31ST-3RDNov(2010)

XIII.Sachdeva,N andSharma, D. „„Diversity: A Fading Reduction technique‟‟. IJARCSSE, Volume 2, No.6, pp-58-61 (2012). XIV.Segal, B “Rain Attenuation Statistics for Terrestrial Microwave Links in Canada”, Commun. Res. Centre Rep.No. 1351-E, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 14, Jan. (1982).

XV.Tamrakar,M; Bandyopadhyay, K and De, A„„Comparison of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models with Ku-Band Beacon Measurement for Satellite Communication System‟‟ IEEE international conference on signal processing and communication (SPCOM),Bangalore, India, 18-21 July (2010).

Rprop Based Noble Blind Channel Equalization Algorithm for QAM Signal

Authors:

Prakhar Priyadarshi, C. S. Rai

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00006

Abstract:

In this paper, authors have considered the issue of slow convergence and moderate Bit Error Rate (BER) of Constant Modulus Algorithm used for channel equalization. Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA), an extensively used gradient descent based unsupervised algorithm for QAM Signal, suffers from the poor convergence property as well as poor BER. Two novel blind equalization algorithms have been proposed which overcomes the problem of slow convergence and poor BER associated with CMA. Proposed algorithm incorporates modified CMA-like error function based on mean forth error criteria into Rprop frame work. Matlab Simulation of the proposed Rprop Based Improved Constant Modulus Type (RICMT) algorithm offers better result in terms of convergence, inter symbol interference (ISI) and bit error rate (BER) in a linear channel as well as for nonlinear channel in comparison to the CMA Equalizer for noisy environment.

Keywords:

Equalization,CMA,Mean Forth Error,Rprop,Convergence, Low BER,

Refference:

I.Benveniste, M. Goursat, and G. Ruget, ―Robust identification of a non minimum phase system: Blind adjustment of a linear equalizer in data communications,‖ IEEE Trans. Autom. Control, vol. AC-25, no. 3, pp385–399 ,(1980)

II.Christian Igel, Michael Husken ―Empirical evaluation of the improved Rprop learning algorithms‖ Neurocomputing vol.50,Elsevier publication ,pp 105 –123, (2003)

III.D.N. Godard, ―Self-recovering equalization and carrier tracking in two dimensional data communication systems‖, IEEE trans. on comm., Vol. 28, No. 11, (1980)

IV.Geng Nian, XUE Ni, RU Guobao ―Blind Equalization Algorithm Based on MCMA and DSE-CMA‖Wuhan Univ. J. Nat. Sci.Vol.13 No.1 pp 67-70,(2008)

V.Haykins ,― Adaptive Filter Theory‖, 4th edition, Pearson Education

VI.J. Yang, J.-J. Werner, and G. A. Dumont, ―The multimodulus blind equalization and its generalized algorithms,‖ IEEE Journal on selected areas in communication, Vol. 20, pp 997-1015, (2002)

VII.Johnson, Schniter, Endres, Behm, Brown & Casas, ―Blind equalization using the constant modulus criterion : A review‖ appeared in the proceeding of the ,IEEE (1998)

VIII.Kavita Burse, R. N. Yadav, and S. C. Shrivastava, ―Channel Equalization Using Neural Networks: A Review‖ IEEE Transaction On Systems, Man, And Cybernetics—Part C: Applications And Reviews, Vol. 40, No. 3, pp 352-357, (2010)

IX.L.M. Patnaik, K. Rajan ―Target detection through image processing and resilient propagation algorithms‖, Neurocomputing vol. 35, Elsevier publication, pp 123–135,(2000)

X.M. Riedmiller, ―Advanced supervised learning in multi-layer perceptrons—from back propagation to adaptive learning algorithms‖, Computer. Standards Interfaces 16, pp 265–278,(1994)

XI.Musa U. Otaru , Azzedine Zerguine ,Lahouari Cheded ―Channel equalization using simplified least mean-fourth algorithm‖ Digital Signal Processing ,Elsevier Publication, pp 447–465 , (2011)

XII.Prakhar Priyadarshi, C.S.Rai ―Blind Channel Equalization using Modified Constant Modulus Algorithm‖ International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA), pp 1020-1024, (2016)

XIII.S.M. Shah , R. Samar ,S.M.R. Naqvi ,J.A. Chambers, ―Fractional order constant modulus blind algorithms with application to channel equalisation‖ ,Electronics Letter, IET, Volume: 50,pp 1702 -1704 ,(2014)

XIV.Shafayat Abrar, and Syed Ismail Shah, ―New Multimodulus Blind EqualizationAlgorithm With Relaxation‖IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp 425-428 ,(2006)

XV.Shalvi, O. and Weinstein, E, ―New criteria for blind deconvolution of non minimum phase systems (channels)‖, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,(1990)

XVI.Zhang Liyi ,Chen Lei ,Sun Yunshan―Variable Step-size CMA Blind Equalization based on Non-linear Function of Error Signal‖, WRI International conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, CMC ’09.,(2009)

XVII.Zhao Baofeng ; Zhao Jumin ; Li Dengao, ―A New Variable Step-size Constant Modulus Blind Equalization Algorithm‖ IEEE International Conference Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI), (2010)

To Negate the influences of Un-deterministic Dispersed Generation on Interconnection to the Distributed System considering Power Losses of the system

Authors:

Muhammad Aamir Aman, Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi, Murad Ali, Akhtar Khan

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00007

Abstract:

Now a days, the rapid need for electrical energy all over the world has put electrical power system under great stress. Due to day by day decrease in available conventional energy sources, researchers are shifting towards non-conventional energy resources or Dispersed generation (DG). DG is becoming a feasible alternative to overcome the power deficiency due to reduction in power losses, system reliability, and availability of power at consumer’s premises. With this need of DG, it’s important to analyze the adverse impact of DG on distributed power system. This research analyzes the effects of induction generator and synchronous generators on distribution system. The main outcome and objective of this research is to find optimum type, size and placement of DG to be injected in distributed system in order to have minimum impact on power losses of the system. By using globally renowned and modern software Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) and taking Rahman Baba electricity distribution network as a test case. After analyzing, the results show that injecting DG has positive impacts on power losses at certain buses while 30% of power losses were decreased when induction generator as a DG unit was integrated with the distribution network in the optimum location. Also positive impacts of DG unit on power losses has been seen by injecting undeterministic small amount of synchronous generator as a DG unit and by increasing cross-sectional area of the conductor has showed much improvement in power losses.

Keywords:

Dispersed Generation,Power losses, Radial Distributed System,Synchronous generator,Induction generator,

Refference:

I.AlRuwaili, M. O., Vaziri, M. Y., Vadhva, S., & Vaziri, S. (2013, April). Impact of distributed generation on voltage profile of radial power systems. In Green Technologies Conference, 2013 IEEE (pp. 473-480). IEEE.

II.A. Bayat, A. Bagheri, and R. Noroozian, “Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation accompanied by reconfiguration of distribution networks for maximum loss reduction by using a new uvda-based heuristic method,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 77, pp. 360–371, 2016.

III.A. Saidian, D. Mirabbasi, and M. Heidari, “The effect of size of dg on voltage flicker and voltage sag in closed-loop distribution system,” in Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2010 the 5th IEEE Conference on. IEEE, 2010, pp. 68–72.

IV.Caples, D., Boljevic, S., & Conlon, M. F. (2011, May). Impact of distributed generation on voltage profile in 38kV distribution system. InEnergy Market (EEM), 2011 8th International Conference on the European(pp. 532-536). IEEE.

V.Chen, P. C., Salcedo, R., Zhu, Q., De Leon, F., Czarkowski, D., Jiang, Z. P., … & Uosef, R. E. (2012). Analysis of voltage profile problems due to the penetration of distributed generation in low-voltage secondary distributionnetworks. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 27(4), 2020-2028.

VI.Engr. Syed Ashraf Ali, Engr. Syed Haider Ali, Engr. Sajid Nawaz Khan, Engr. Muhammad Aamir “Energy Harvesting for Remote Wireless Sensor Network Nodes”(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,Vol. 9, No. 4, 2018

VII.Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi, M. Aamir Aman, Hamza Umar Afridi, Akhtar Khan. “Sag-Tension Analysis of AAAC Overhead Transmission lines for Hilly Areas” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 16, No. 4, April 2018

VIII.P. Mohammadi, H. El-Kishyky, M. Abdel-Akher, and M. Abdel-Salam, “The impacts of distributed generation on fault detection and voltage profile in power distribution networks,” in Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC), 2014 IEEE International. IEEE, 2014, pp. 191–196.

A new co-ordinated hybrid fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization based PID controller for speed control of DC servomotor

Authors:

Arnob Senapati, Akash Maitra, Saswata Das, Souvik Chatterjee, Binanda Kishore Mondal, Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, Sudipta Ghosh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00008

Abstract:

The speed control is an interesting and important term in control system engineering. Speed of the DC servomotor has to be varied according to application requirement. According to requirement suitable controllers and algorithm are use to achieve best control over speed. PID controller is a well known controller which is used in feedback control in industrial application. But in some industrial application the speed control with PID controller is not able to achieve the perfect control due to non linear element present in the system. Therefore in this research the Particle Swarm Optimization based PID controller and Hybrid Fuzzy Logic Controller are use to overcome this problem. Fuzzy logic control offers an improvement in the quality of the speed response concentrated by emulating the expert and implemented in language based on operator’s experience. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm on the PID controller is an advanced approach for getting a stable and linear response of any system. PSO is a population based stochastic optimization technique is initialized with a population of random solutions and searches for optima by updating generations. A comparative analysis of performance analysis both the controllers have been done.

Keywords:

Speed Contro,DC Servomoto, PID,PSO,Fuzzy,Hybrid Fuzzy,

Refference:

I.Abhishek Kumar Kashyap,Binanda Kishore Mondal, Souvik Chattarjee, Sudipta Ghosh.A New Approach to Improve the Performance ofPosition Control of DC Servo Motor by Using FuzzyLogic Controller,J.Mech.Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-10, No.-2, January (2016) Pages 1551-1557.

II.Arnob Senapati, Abhishek Kumar Kashyap, Binanda Kishore Mondal, Souvik Chattarjee, Speed Performance Analysis and Control of DC Servomotor Using Linear & Nonlinear Controller, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), Volume 6 Issue III, March 2018

III.BettayebMaâmar, Mansouri Rachid, IMC-PID-fractional-order-filter controllers design for integer order systems, 2014 ISA, Published by Elsevier Ltd.

IV.Changliang Xia, Peijian Guo, Tingna Shi and Mingchao Wang, Speed Control of Brushless DC Motor Using Genetic Algorithm Based Fuzzy Controller, International Conference on Intelligent Mechatronics and Automation Chengdu,China August 2004,IEEE Proceedings ofthe 2004.

V.J.Archana, P.Suganthini, C.Malathi, DC Motor Speed Control Using Matlab,International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), Volume 2 Issue 12 pp 832-834 March 2014.

VI.Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, 5TH edition, Eastern Economy Edition, 2010.

VII.Md Akram Ahmad, Kamal Kishor, Pankaj Rai, Speed Control of a DC Motor Using Controllers. Automation, Control and Intelligent Systems, special Issue: Impact of Gesture Recognition in the Technological Era. Vol. 2, No. 6-1, 2014, pp. 1-9.

VIII.Nagrath, I.J. and M. Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, 3rd edition, New Age Publishers, 2000.

IX.SubhojitMalik, Palash Dutta, Sayantan Chakrabarti, Abhishek Barman,Parameter Estimation of a PID Controller using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm,International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 3, March 2014.

X.Thwin Thu Lynn, Eaint, Position Control of DC Servo Drive by Fuzzy Logic Controller in Flat-Bed Screen Printing Machine,American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) (2016) Volume 26, No 1, pp 8-19.

A Novel Architecture for Low Power Equiripple Half-Band FIR Filter using GDI Based Dual Edge Triggered Flip-Flop

Authors:

Biswarup Mukherjee, Aniruddha Ghosal

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00009

Abstract:

In this paper, a technique for implementing low-power equiripple half-band FIR filter using GDI based Dual Edge Triggered Flip Flop (DETFF) is introduced. Dual edge triggered flip flops has many advantages in low power VLSI compared to SETFF. The Proposed low power FIR filter using DETFF is implemented and compared with conventional design at same simulation conditions. CAD tool based simulation and comparison between proposed design with the conventional design shows that the proposed design reduces power dissipation by 32% reducing the no. of transistors used while keeping the same data rate.

Keywords:

Half-band FIR filter,Dual Edge Triggered Flip Flop (DETFF), GDI ,Multiplexer, Low power VLSI ,

Refference:

I.A.Liacha, A. K. Oudjida, F. Ferguene, M. Bakiri, M. L. Berrandjia, “Design of high-speed, low-power, and area-efficient FIR filters”, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, Vol.: 12, Issue: 1, 2018

II.A. Morgenshtein, A. Fish and Israel A. Wagner, “Gate-Diffusion Input (GDI): A Power-Efficient Method for Digital Combinatorial Circuits”, IEEE Transaction on VLSI Systems, Vol. 10 issue 5, pp. 566-581, Oct. 2002

III.A. Ogata, N. Aikawa; M. Sato,”A design method of low delay FIR bandpass filters”, IEEE International Symposium onCircuits and Systems Emerging Technologies for the 21st Century, Volume: 1 Pages: 92 -95, 2000IV.B. Mukherjee, A. Ghosal, “Design & Study of a Low Power High Speed Full Adder Using GDI Multiplexer”, IEEE 2nd International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Systems (ReTIS),pp:465-470, 2015

V.B. Mukherjee, B. Roy, A. Biswas, A. Ghosal, “Design of a Low Power 4×4 Multiplier Based on Five Transistor (5-T) Half Adder, Eight Transistor (8-T) Full Adder & Two Transistor (2-T) AND Gate”, Third International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Information Technology (C3IT), 2015

VI.B. Yuan; Y. Wang, “High-Accuracy FIR Filter Design Using Stochastic Computing”, 2016 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI)pp: 128 –133, 2016

VII.G. N. Jyothi, S. SriDevi, “Distributed arithmetic architectures for FIR filters-A comparative review”, International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), pp. 2684-2690, 2017

VIII.G. Singh and C. Goel, “Design of Low Power andEfficient Carry Select Adder Using 3-T XOR Gate”, Advances in Electronics, Article ID 564613, 2014

IX.I. H. H. Jørgensen, P. Pracny, E. Bruun, “Hardware-Efficient Implementation of Half-Band IIR Filter for Interpolation and Decimation”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Volume: 60, Issue: 12, Pages: 892 -896, 2013

X.J. Chen; J. Tan, C. Chang, F. Feng, “A New Cost-Aware Sensitivity-Driven Algorithm for the Design of FIR Filters”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, Volume: 64, Issue: 6 pp: 1588 -1598, 2017

XI.J. Fadavi-Ardekani, “M*N Booth encoded multiplier generator using optimized Wallace trees”, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Volume: 1, Issue: 2 pp: 120 -125, 1993

XII.Liang Li, Xingfa Huang, Zhou Yu, “A full custom half-band filter used for sigma-delta ADC”, International Conference on Anti-Counterfeiting, Security and Identification, pp-116-119, 2010

XIII.Nitin Kumar Saini , Kamal K. Kashyap; “Low power dual edge triggered flip-flop”, International Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Technology (ICSPCT), 2014

XIV.P. P. Vaidyanathan, “Design and implementation of digital FIR filters,” in Handbook of Digital Signal Processing Engineering Applications, D. F. Elliott, Ed., pp. 55–172, Academic Press,London, UK, 1987.

XV.P. Zahradnik, “Equiripple Approximation of Low-pass FIR Filters Equiripple Approximation of Low-pass FIR Filters”,IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, Issue: 99,pp. 1-5, 2017

XVI.P. Zhao, J. McNeely, P. Golconda,M. A. Bayoumi, R. A. Barcenas, W. Kuang, ” Low-Power Clock Branch Sharing Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flop”, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol.: 15, Issue: 3,pp: 338 -345, 2007

XVII.R. Kubasek, Z. Smekal, E. Gescheidtova, K.Bartusek, “Design of Two-channel Half-band Bank of Digital Filters using Optimization Methods”, International Conference on Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies, page: 151, 2006

XVIII.S. Archana, G. Durga, “Design of low power and high speed ripple carry adder”, International Conference on Communication and Signal pocessing, pp: 939 -943, 2014

XIX.S. K. Mitra and J. F. Kaiser, Handbook for Digital Signal Processing. New York,NY, USA: Wiley, 1993.

XX.S. Samadi, A. Nishihara, H. Iwakura, “Universal maximally flat low pass FIR systems”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing Vol: 48, Issue: 7,pp: 1956 -1964,2000

XXI.Wen Bin Ye, Xin Lou, Ya Jun Yu, “Design of Low-Power Multiplierless Linear-Phase FIR Filters” , IEEE Access, Volume: 5,pp: 23466 -23472,2017

XXII.X. Zhang, K. Intosume, and T. Yoshikawa, “Design of low delay FIR half-band filters with arbitrary flatness and its application to filter banks,” Electron. Comm. Jpn 3, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1–9, 2000

Design approach to a wound rotor induction motor towards optimization

Authors:

Pritish Kumar Ghosh, PradipKumarSadhu, Amarnath Sanyal, Debabrata Roy, Biswajit Dutta

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2018.08.00010

Abstract:

About 88% of the driving power is produced by 3-phase and single-phase induction motors. In most part it is by squirrel-cage motors, only a small fraction by the slip-ring or phase-wound type. It is because the cage-type motors are relatively inexpensive. But they suffer from low p.f. operation and low starting torque which cannot be manipulated by inserting resistance in the rotor circuit. Also, this type of induction motors is not easily speed-adjustable. Though a little more expensive, the slip-ring type induction motors do not have these disadvantages. Therefore, they are used as speed-adjustable drives and for drives where heavy duty starting is involved. The design of any kind of power equipment should be made cost-optimally in the present day competitive market. A new approach to reaching optimal solution has been shown in this paper by the method of sequential searching with respect to the chosen design variables. Also, another design has been made following a hybrid of analytical and synthetic approach. The design variables have been chosen from designers’ experience. In contrary to the popular belief that there is no need for going in for complexity of optimal design, the quasi-optimal solution may be obtained by the designer from his accumulated experience, we find that the idea is wrong. The optimal design approach saves a lot of money.

Keywords:

Analytic design,synthetic design,hybrid design, optimal design,sequential searching, development of electrical engineering, Electrical applications,

Refference:

I.Bimbhra, P. S. (1973). Electric machinery. Khanna Publishers, ISBN: 81-7409-016-9.

II.Brunner, C. U. (2007). International standards for electric motors. Standards for Energy efficiency of ElectricMotor systems (SEEEM), 6-10.

III.Cunkas, M., & Amazan, A. R. (2006). Design optimization of induction motor by genetic algorithm and comparison with existing methods. Mathematical and computational Applications, II(3), 103-203.

IV.Deb, K. (2010). Optimization for engineering design. PHI, ISBN 978-81-203-0943-2.

V.Dubey, G. K. (2002). Fundamentals of electric drives. 2nd. Ed, Narosa Publishing House, ISNN: 81-7319-428-9.

VI.Erajskar, G., Bhattacharyya, M., & Mahendra, S. N. (1974). Computer-aided design of three phase squirrel cage induction motor-technical design, hybrid process and optimization. J.I.E (India),E.E. Div., India, 2-50.

VII.Ertan, H. B., & Aykanat, C. (2018). A new approach to optimized design of induction motor. Department of Electrical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.

VIII.Hasanah, R. N. (2009). Energy saving through design optimization of induction motor. Journal EECCIS, 3(1).

IX.Kambo, N. S. (1991). Mathematical programming techniques. Revised edition, Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi –110 001, ISBN 81-85336-47-4.

X.Kannan, R., Bhuvaneswari, R., & Subramanian, S. (2007). Optimal design of three-phase induction motor using Particle Swarm Optimization. Iranian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6(2).

XI.Kentli, F. (2009). A survey of design optimization studies of induction motor during the last decade. Dept. of Electrical Education, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istambul, Turkey, 9(2), 969-975.

XII.Krihnamoorthy, A., & Dharmalingam, K. (2009). Application of genetic algorithm in the design optimization of 3-phase induction motor. Journal ofComputer Application, II(4).

XIII.Ramamoorty, M. (1987). Computer-aided design of electrical equipment. Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., ISBN: 81-85095-57-4.

XIV.Ranjith kumar, K., Palaniswami, S., & Priyadharsini, K. (2010). Performance enhancement of wound rotor induction motor by VSI with dynamic capacitor controlled rotor circuit. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 –8887), 3(9).

XV.Rao, S. S. (2009). Engineering optimization-theory and practice. New AgeInt., ISBN 978-81-224-2723-3.

XVI.Sakthivel, V. P., Bhuvaneswari, R., & Subramanian, S. (2010). Economic design of three-phase induction motor by Particle Swarm Optimization. J. Electromagnetic Analysis & Applications, 2, 301-310.

XVII.Sawhney, A. K. (2003). A course in electrical machine design. Dhanpat Rai and Sons, ISBN:670000000034.

XVIII.Shanmugasundaram, A., Gangadharan, G., & Palani, R. (2011). Electrical machine design data book. Wiley Eastern Ltd, ISBN 0852268130.

XIX.Sivaraju, S. S., & Devarajan, N. (2011). Novel design of three phase induction motor enhancing efficiency, maximizing power factor and minimizing losses. European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X, 58(3), 423-432.

XX.Thangraj, C., Srivastava, S. P., & Agarwal, P. (2008). Optimal design of polyphase induction motor using improved particle swarm optimization. XXXII National System Conference, NSC2008.

XXI.Tudorache, T., & Melcescu, L. (2009). FEM optimal design of energy-efficient induction machines. Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9(2).