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A PROPOSED FIRE DETECTION SURVELLIANCE THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING BASED ON HAAR CASCADE CLASSIFIER

Authors:

Arshad Ullah Khan, Nasir Saleem, Faheem Haider Tauqee, Asif Nawaz, Khalid Zaman, Sheeraz Ahmed, Amjad Ali

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.06.00003

June 28, 2022

Abstract:

Keywords:

Fire Detection,Image processing,Machine Learning,Raspberry pi, alarm, fire,

Refference:

I. C. Yuan, Z. Liu, and Y. Zhang, “Fire detection using infrared images for UAV-based forest fire surveillance,” 2017 Int. Conf. Unmanned Aircr. Syst. ICUAS 2017, pp. 567–572, 2017, doi: 10.1109/ICUAS.2017.7991306.

II. H. Pranamurti, A. Murti, and C. Setianingsih, “Fire Detection Use CCTV with Image Processing Based Raspberry Pi,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1201, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1201/1/012015.

III. K. Muhammad, J. Ahmad, and S. W. Baik, “Early fire detection using convolutional neural networks during surveillance for effective disaster management,” Neurocomputing, vol. 288, pp. 30–42, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2017.04.083.
IV. M. S. Bin Bahrudin, R. A. Kassim, and N. Buniyamin, “Development of Fire alarm system using Raspberry Pi and Arduino Uno,” 2013 Int. Conf. Electr. Electron. Syst. Eng. ICEESE 2013, pp. 43–48, 2013, doi: 10.1109/ICEESE.2013.6895040.

V. R. Dhanujalakshmi, Divya, Divya@sandhiya, “Image Processing Based Fire Detection System using Rasperry Pi System,” SSRG Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. -, vol. 4, no. April, pp. 18–20, 2017.

VI. T. Celik, “Fast and efficient method for fire detection using image processing,” ETRI J., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 881–890, 2010, doi: 10.4218/etrij.10.0109.0695.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -6, June 2022

A NOVEL METHOD TO FIND THE EQUATION OF CIRCLES

Authors:

Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.06.00004

June 28, 2022

Abstract:

The concept of the circle has been known to human beings since before the beginning of recorded history. With the advent of the wheel, the study of the circle in detail played an important role in the field of science and technology. According to the author, there are three types of circles, 1) Countup circle,        2) Countdown circle, and 3) Point circle instead of two types of circles as defined by René Descartes in real plane coordinate geometry and Euler in the complex plane. The author has been successful to solve the equations of three types of circles in the real plane by using three fundamental recent (2021 – 2022) inventions, 1) Theory of Dynamics of Numbers, 2) Rectangular Bhattacharyya’s Co-ordinate System,             3) The novel Concept of Quadratic Equation where the author becomes successful to solve the quadratic equation of  x2 + 1 = 0 in real number instead of an imaginary number. In the present paper, the author solved successfully the problem where radius    if g2 + f2  < c,    c the constant term of the general form of the equation of a circle  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0  by using Bhattacharyya’s Coordinate system without any help from the complex plane where Euler solved it by using a complex plane. According to Bhattacharyya’s Co-ordinate System, the equation of the countdown circle is as follows : where, the coordinates of the moving point P are (x, y) with Centre C (a, b) and radius = – r The concept of a countdown circle is very much interesting and it exists really in nature. We may consider that the rotational motion of the Earth around the Sun is a countdown rotational motion.

Keywords:

Bhattacharyya’s Coordinate System,Cartesian Coordinate system,Equation of the circles,Quadratic equation,Theory of Dynamics of Numbers,

Refference:

I. Arthur Koestler, The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man’s Changing Vision of the Universe (1959)
II. Bibhutibhushan Datta, The Jaina School of Mathematics, Bull. Cal. Math. Soc. 21 (1929), 115 -145.
III. Bibhutibhushan Datta, Mathematics of Nemicandra, The Jaina Antiquary, 1 (1935),
IV. Chronology for 30000 BC to 500 BC Archived 2008-03-22 at the Wayback Machine. History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
V. Circumcircle – from Wolfram MathWorld Archived 2012-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. Mathworld.wolfram.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
VI. D. Fowler and E. Robson, Square Root Approximations in Old Babylonian Mathematics: YBC 7289 in Context, Historia Math. 25 (1998) 366 – 378
VII. Dr. S.N. De, ‘Higher Mathematics’, New Edition. March, 2006. P : C4.13
VIII. G. Thibaut, The Sulvasutras, The Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Part I, 1875, Printed by C.B. Lewis, Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, 1875.
IX. Gamelin, Theodore (1999). Introduction to topology. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications. ISBN 0486406806.
X. George Gheverghese Joseph, A passage to infinity, Medieval Indian mathematics from Kerala and its impact, Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2009.
XI. Incircle – from Wolfram MathWorld Archived 2012-01-21 at the Wayback Machine. Mathworld.wolfram.com (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
XII. Johnson, Roger A., Advanced Euclidean Geometry, Dover Publ., 2007.
XIII. Katz, Victor J. (1998), A History of Mathematics / An Introduction (2nd ed.), Addison Wesley Longman, p. 108, ISBN 978-0-321-01618-8.
XIV. Kim Plofker, Mathematics in India : 500 BCE – 1800 CE, Princeton University Press, NJ, USA, 2008. 17
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XVI. Meskhishvili, Mamuka (2020). “Cyclic Averages of Regular Polygons and Platonic Solids”. Communications in Mathematics and Applications. 11: 335–355. arXiv:2010.12340.
XVII. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, “AN INTRODUCTION TO RECTANGULAR BHATTACHARYYA’S CO-ORDINATES: A NEW CONCEPT”. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, November (2021). pp 76-86.
XVIII. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya ,“AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF DYNAMICS OF NUMBERS: A NEW CONCEPT”. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, January (2022). pp 37-53.
XIX. Prabir Chandra Bhattacharyya, : ‘A NOVEL CONCEPT IN THEORY OF QUADRATIC EQUATION’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-17, No.-3, March (2022) pp 41-63.
XX. Proclus, The Six Books of Proclus, the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato Archived 2017-01-23 at the Wayback Machine Tr. Thomas Taylor (1816) Vol. 2, Ch. 2, “Of Plato”
XXI. Raghunath P. Kulkarni, Char Sulbasutra (in Hindi), Maharshi Sandipani Rashtriya ´ Vedavidya Pratishthana, Ujjain, 2000.
XXII. R.C. Gupta, Bh¯askara I’s approximation to sine, Indian J. History Sci. 2 (1967), 121 – 136.
XXIII. R.C. Gupta, Madhavacandra’s and other octagonal derivations of the Jaina value π = √ 10, Indian J. Hist. Sci. 21 (1986), no. 2, 131 – 139.
XXIV. R.C. Gupta, New Indian values of π from the Manava Sulbasutra, Centaurus 31 (1988), no. 2, 114 – 125.
XXV. R.C. Gupta, Sulvasutras: earliest studies and a newly published manual, Indian J. ´ Hist. Sci. 41 (2006), 317 – 320.
XXVI. S.G. Dani, Geometry in the Sulvasutras, in ´ Studies in History of Mathematics, Proceedings of Chennai Seminar, Ed. C.S. Seshadri, Hindustan Book Agency, New Delhi, 2010.
XXVII. S.N. Sen and A.K. Bag, The Sulvasutras of Baudhayana, Apastamba, Katyayana, and Manava, Indian National Science Academy, 1983.
XXVIII. Squaring the circle Archived 2008-06-24 at the Wayback Machine. History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-03.
XXIX. The papers of R.C. Gupta cited here are also available in the compilation of Gan. Itananda, edited by K. Ramasubramanian, Published by the Indian Society for History of Mathematics (ISHM), 2015.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -6, June 2022

MEMS-BASED CHARACTERIZATION OF BREAST CANCER CELLS AND COLON CANCER CELLS

Authors:

Shobha Gupta

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.07.00001

July 30, 2022

Abstract:

The study of electrical characteristics of cells based on their biophysical properties, and their relevance with their status, has been a very useful non-invasive tool for disease diagnosis and treatment. A MEMS device is modelled and simulated for characterizing the electrical behavior of a type of breast cancer cells and colon cancer cells. The sample of highly invasive breast cancer cells (Hs 578T) was compared with the HT-29 colon cancer cells in the frequency range of 1 to 13 GHz. It is found that the rate of change of capacitance of the given colon cancer cells is less than that of the given highly metastatic breast cancer cells. This shows the difference in electrical characteristics of cells with different cell types and could be a basis for discriminating cell types and related metastasis.

Keywords:

MEMS,capacitance,breast cancer cells,colon cancer cells,

Refference:

I. Aidley D. J., Stanfield P. R., “Ions on the move”, in Ion Channels: Molecules in Action, Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
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III. Asami K., “Dielectric spectra of biological cells and tissues simulated by three-dimensional finite difference method”, ICEBI, IFMBE Proceedings book series, Springer, Vol.17, 2007, pp. 98-101.
IV. Bhura Dhiraj Kumar, “3D Interdigitated Electrode Array (IDEA) Biosensor For Detection Of Serum Biomarker, M.S. Thesis, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Portland State University, USA, 2011.
V. Cone Clarence D., “Unified Theory on the Basic Mechanism of Normal Mitotic Control and Oncogenesis” in Transmembrane Potentials and Characteristics of Immune and Tumor Cells, 1st edition, Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 1985.
VI. Cone C. D., “Variation of the transmembrane potential level as a basic mechanism of mitosis control”, Oncology, International Journal of Cancer research and treatment, Vol. 24, Issue 6, 1970, pp. 438-470.
VII. Cone C. D., “The role of surface electrical transmembrane potential in normal and malignant mitogenesis”, Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 238, pp. 420-435, 1974.
VIII. Cooper Geoffrey M., “Molecules and Membranes” & “The Plasma Membrane”, in The Cell: A Molecular Approach, Eighth edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019.
IX. Cope Freeman W., “A medical application of the Ling Association-Induction Hypothesis: The high potassium, low sodium diet of the Gerson cancer therapy”, Physiological Chemistry and Physics, Vol.10, No.5, 1978, pg. 465-468.
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XI. Cure J. C., “Cancer an electrical phenomenon”, Resonant, Vol.1, No.1, 1991.
XII. Dean D.A., Ramanathanb T., Machadoa D., Sundararajana R., “Electrical impedance spectroscopy study of biological tissues”, Journal of Electrostatics, Vol.66, 2008, pg 165-177.
XIII. Dorey A. Robert, “Microstructure- property relationships”, in Ceramic Thick films for MEMS and Microdevices, First edition , Elsevier, USA, 2011.
XIV. Duan Wei, “Cell impedance of cancer cells: towards novel diagnostic and therapeutic selection methods”, M. Phil thesis, School of life sciences, University of Sussex, England, January 2013.
XV. Grimnes Sverre and Martinsen Orjan, “Passive Tissue Electrical Properties”, Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, 3rd edition, Academic Press, United States, 2014.
XVI. Guyton Arthur C. and Hall J.E., “Functional organization of Human Body and Control of the Internal Environment”, in Textbook of Medical Physiology, Twelfth Edition, Saunders, Elsevier, USA, 2011.
XVII. Huclova Sonja, “Modeling of Cell Suspensions and Biological Tissue for Computational Electromagnetics”, PhD Thesis in Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 2011.
XVIII. Mousa Hussein, Falah Awwad, Dwija Jithin, Husain El Hasasna, Khawlah Athamneh & Rabah Iratni, “Breast cancer cells exhibits specific dielectric signature in vitro using the open-ended coaxial probe technique from 200 MHz to 13.6 GHz”, Scientific Reports, Nature, Vol.9, Issue 1, 4681, March 2019.
XIX. Muhammad Asraf Mansor , Masaru Takeuchi , Masahiro Nakajima , Yasuhisa Hasegawa and Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad, “Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Detection of Cells in Suspensions Using Microfluidic Device with Integrated Microneedles”, Applied Sciences, Vol.7, issue 2, 170, February, 2017.
XX. Muhammad Asraf Mansor and Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad, “Single Cell Electrical Characterization Techniques”, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol.16, 2015, pg. 12686-12712.
XXI. Nasir Nida and Ahmad Mahmoud Al, “Cells Electrical Characterization: Dielectric properties, Mixture and Modeling Theories”, Hindawi Journal of Engineering, Vol 2020, article id 9475490, 2020.
XXII. Qiao G, Duan W, Chatwin C, A Sinclair and W Wang, “Electrical Properties of Breast cancer cells from impedance measurement of cell suspensions, Journal of Physics, Vol 224(1), 012081, 2010.
XXIII. Revici Emanuel, “Biological Entities”, in Research in Pathophysiology as Basis for Guided Chemotherapy, with Special Application to Cancer, Princeton, New Jersey, New York, USA, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1961
XXIV. Schwan H.P. and Takashima Shiro, “Dielectric Behavior of Biological cells and Tissues”, Bulletin of the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Vol.69, No.4, pg. 459-475, 1991.
XXV. Stern R. G., “Carcinogenesis and the plasma membrane”, Medical Hypotheses, Vol. 52, No.5, May 1999, pp. 367-372.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -7, July 2022

ACCESSIBILITY EVALUATION OF MOBILE-BASED CITIZEN SERVICES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USERS

Authors:

Urooj Yousafzai, Muhammad Bakhsh, Abdus Salam, Sheeraz Ahmed, Asif Nawaz, Shahab Jan, Muhammad Aadil

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.07.00002

July 30, 2022

Abstract:

This research study presents the assessment of Pakistani Government Services (websites, mob apps, and mob web versions) for visually impaired users by using automated tools. The selected services are related to different categories of Pakistani Government Services having websites, mob apps, and mob web versions. This study uses four automated tools (Wave, Achecker, Web accessibility, and Accessibility Scanner) for assessment in which three tools are for websites and one tool for mob apps and their respective mob web version. Wave, Achecker, and Web accessibility tools are used for the assessment of websites while the Accessibility Scanner tool is used for the assessment of mob apps and their respective mob web versions. These tools apply the accessibility guidelines for websites, mob apps, and mob web versions of WCAG 2.0 and 2.1. After the assessment, the results showed that the majority of the services violate the guidelines of WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 which needs immediate attention of developers and services departments to avoid discrimination between normal users and people with impairments.

Keywords:

Mobile Accessibility Framework (MAF),WAVE (Web Accessibility Versatile Evaluator),Accessibility Checker (Achecker),Accessibility Evaluation of Mob Apps Flow (AMAF),

Refference:

I. “Fact Sheet on Persons with Disabilities,” [Online]. Available: https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities.html.
II. “Gartner. 2018. Worldwide Sales of Smartphones During the Fourth Quarter of 2017,” [Online]. Available: https://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3859963.
III. “United Nations: World Statistics Pocketbook 2018 Edition,” 2018. [Online].
IV. “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1,” W3C, [Online]. Available: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/.
V. “Worl Wide Web Consortium,” W3C, [Online]. Available: http://www.w3.org/.
VI. A. Ahmi and R. Mohamad, “Evaluating Accessibility of Malaysian Public Universities Websites using AChecker and WAVE,” Journal of Information and Communication Technology, 2016.
VII. A. Medina, C. Guevara, J. Jadán-Guerrero, I. L. Nunes5, L. Salvador-Ullauri, P. Acosta-Vargas, , P. Lara-Alvarez, S. Sanchez-Gordon and T. Calle-Jimenez, “Accessibility Assessment in Mobile,” in Springer, Cham, 2019.
VIII. A. Mehmood and M. Bakhsh, “Web Accessibility for Disabled: A Case Study of Government Websites in Pakistan,” in IEEE 10th International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology, 2012.
IX. A. P. Freire, A. G. S. Reis, F. S. Dias and M. C. N. Carvalho, “Accessibility and usability problems encountered on websites and applications in mobile devices by blind and normal-vision users,” in 33rd Annual ACM symposium on applied computing, 2018.
X. A. P. Freire, J. B. S. Vaz, L. C. Serra, L. P. Carvalho and L. P. Ferreira, “Accessibility Evaluation of E-Government Mobile Applications in Brazil,” in Procedia Computer Science 67, 2015.
XI. A. Schmetzke and D. Comeaux, “Web accessibility trends in university libraries and library schools,” in Library Hi Tech, 2007.
XII. C. PRIBEANU, R.-D. MARINESCU, P. FOGARASSY-NESZLY and M. Gheorghe-MOISII, “Web Accessibility in Romania: The Conformance of Municipal Web Sites,” Informatica Economică, vol. 16, 2012.
XIII. E.-S. Jeong, K.-R. Noh, M.-B. Kang, S.-J. Moon and Y.-B. You, “A study on the current status and strategies for improvement of web accessibility compliance of public institutions,” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, Springer, 2015.
XIV. F. Kamoun and M. B. Almourad, “Accessibility as an integral factor in e-government web site evaluation,” Information Technology & People, 2014.
XV. G. Fraser, J. M. Rojas, M. M. Eler and Y. Ge, “Automated accessibility testing of mobile apps,” in IEEE 11th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST), 2018.
XVI. G. Taentzer, M. Guckert, R. Gerlach and S. Vaupel, “Model-driven development of mobile applications for Android and iOS supporting role-based app variability,” in Springer, 2018.
XVII. H. Y. Abuaddous, M. Z. Jali and N. Basir, “Study of the accessibility diagnosis on the public higher institution websites in Malaysia,” in Computing & Informatics, 4th International Conference, Univ Utari Malaysia-Uum, 2013.
XVIII. I. S. Shehu and S. A. Adepoju, “Usability evaluation of academic websites using automated tools,” in IEEE 3rd International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2014.
XIX. M. A. Aziz, N. Nordin and W. A. R. W. M. Isa, “Assessing the accessibility and usability of Malaysia’s higher education websites,” in International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2010.
XX. M. H. A. Latif and M. N. Masrek, “Accessibility evaluation on Malaysian e-government websites,” Journal of E-Government studies and best practices, vol. 2010, p. 11, 2010.
XXI. M. K. Baowaly and M. Bhuiyan, “Accessibility analysis and evaluation of Bangladesh government websites,” in International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), 2012.
XXII. M. Peñafiel, R. Navarrete and S. Luján-Mora, “eGovernment and web accessibility in South America,” in IEEE First International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG)., 2014.
XXIII. M. Providenti and R. Zai III, “Web accessibility at Kentucky’s academic libraries,” in Library Hi Tech, 2007.
XXIV. P. Acosta-Vargas, R. Zalakeviciute, S. Luján-Mora and W. Hernandez, “Accessibility Evaluation of Mobile Applications,” in Springer, Cham, 2019.
XXV. P. G. RAMACHANDRAN and S. YAN, “The Current Status of Accessibility in Mobile Apps,” ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-31, 2019.
XXVI. R. Rattray and R. Williams, “An assessment of web accessibility of UK accountancy firms,” Managerial Auditing Journal, pp. 710-716, 2003.
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XXVIII. Y. Shi, “E-government web site accessibility in Australia and China: A longitudinal study,” Social Science Computer Review, vol. 24, pp. 378-385, 2006.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -7, July 2022

TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL FOR ADOPTION OF E-LEARNING TOOLS DURING COVID-19

Authors:

Sarabjit Kaur

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.07.00003

July 30, 2022

Abstract:

During COVID-19 education system is very suffered not only by students but also by teachers. All universities, colleges, and schools adopted the E-Learning system during COVID-19. During this pandemic, we used the E-learning tools by the digital tools Zoom, and Google Meet. This paper is based on how we use the different technology models for the adoption of the E-Learning tools and adoption of E-learning tools affected the students during COVID-19 and also students are agree to adopt these tools. Questionnaires are prepared based on the adoption of E-learning tools and filled by the collegiate students. Learning organizations like Schools, colleges, and universities in India are presently based on old-style learning procedures and shadow the conservative location of face-to-face communication/lectures in a classroom. Most of the theoretical models are used earlier for the adoption of the E-learning sector ongoing combined learning, still, most of them are constructed with old steps. The determination of this study was to measure students’ observations of the usefulness of the technology for the acceptance of the model in the adoption of E-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in rural areas in Punjab. The discoveries propose that the adapted TAM is a good predictor of consumer behavior in using the Internet. We initiate that attitude in the direction of using the Internet performances as a strong conjecturer of interactive purpose to practice, and definite technique of Internet technologies. Future researchers can use the subsequent implementation to test how customers adopt and accept Internet-based presentations.

Keywords:

Adoption of Technology,E-Learning,COVID-19,Models,Acceptance Model,TAM,

Refference:

I. Adeoye IA, Adanikin AF, Adanikin A (2020) COVID-19 and E-learning: Nigeria tertiary education system experience. Int J Res Innov Appl Sci 5(5):28–31
II. Alone, Kimwise. (2017). ADOPTION OF E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS/ORGANIZATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW.
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XIII. Hojjati, S. N., & Khodakarami, M. (2016). Evaluation of factors affecting the adoption of smart buildings using the technology acceptance model. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications, 7(6), 2936
XIV. MacVaugh, Jason & Schiavone, Francesco. (2010). Limits to the diffusion of innovation: A literature review and integrative model. European Journal of Innovation Management. 13. 197-221. 10.1108/14601061011040258
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XVI. Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karjaluoto, H.,Pahnila, S. (2004). Consumer acceptance of online banking: An extension of the technology acceptance model. Internet Research, 14(3), 224–235. doi:10.1108/10662240410542652
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XXII. Thorpe M. Rethinking learner support: the challenge of collaborative online learning Open Learning 2002 17 (2) 105 115 [Taylor & Francis Online],
XXIII. Venkatesh, M.G. Morris, G.B. Davis and F.D. Davis, “User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view”, MIS quarterly, (2003), pp. 425–478

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Journal Vol – 17 No -7, July 2022

DESIGN OF NEURAL NETWORK-BASED UNIVERSAL LINEARIZER

Authors:

Nianjan Byabarta, Abir Chattopadhyay, Swarup Kumar Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.07.00004

July 30, 2022

Abstract:

A comparative analysis of different Thermocouples temperature Vs output response is provided. Different linearizers with their nonlinearity are compared with the general response of thermocouples is also given for universality. A Neural Network based solution in the analogue and digital domains is proposed the analysis will help designers to choose this linearization technique best suited for a given application.

Keywords:

Analog Sensors,Digital Sensors,linearization,Sensors,Neural Network,Transducers,Sensor Linearization,Universal Linearizer,

Refference:

I. A datasheet on TYPE K THERMOCOUPLE (Chromel / Alumel)200°C to +1260°C/-328°F to +2300°F, published by https://www.thermometricscorp.com/ in 2020..
II. Annealing State Dependence of the Calibration of Type R and Type S Thermocouples” By Ferdouse Jahan, M. J. Ballico. at International Journal of Thermophysics 31(8):1544-1553 on September 2010, DOI: 10.1007/s10765-010-0797-6
III. A comparative study between different types of temperature sensor” by abba mohammed, suleiman babani,abdurrashid ibrahim sanka, nura ahmed abdullahi, At International Journal Of Industrial Electronics And Electrical Engineering,Volume-3, Issue-12, Dec.-2015 ISSN: 2347-6982
IV. “A stable solution-processed polymer semiconductor with record high-mobility for printed transistors”By Jun Li1*, Yan Zhao2*, Huei Shuan Tan1, Yunlong Guo2, Chong-An Di2, Gui Yu2, Yunqi Liu2, Ming Lin1, Suo Hon Lim1, Yuhua Zhou4, Haibin Su4 & Beng S. Ong1,3,5 in Scientific Reports • October 2012
V. Calendar-Van Dusen Equation and RTD Temperature Sensors, 1-800-459-9459 U.S. and Canada available at : www.ilxlightwave.com
VI. “Introduction and Classification of Sensors by Prof. G.R Sinha of International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore” Article presented in Researchgate available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321625555_I troduction_and_Classification_of_Sensors.
VII. “Lookup Table Optimization for Sensor Linearization in Small Embedded Systems” by Lars E. Bengtsson , Journal of Sensor Technology, 2012, 2, PP : 177-184
VIII. “Linearization of Thermocouple Voltages” by Gerald Conrad, Review of Scientific Instruments 39, 1682 (1968); doi: 0.1063/1.1683201published by Published by the AIP Publishing.
IX. “Linearized Thermistor Multivibrator Bridges for Temperature Measurement”, by DRAGAN K. STANKOV16 In IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, june 1974.
X. “Linearization of the sensors characteristics: a review” By Tarikul Islam and S.C. Mukhopadhyay at International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems 12(1):1-21 D.O.I: 10.21307/ijssis-2019-007
XI. “Linearization Techniques of Sensor: A Comparative Study” By Nilanjan Byabarta and Abir Chattopadhyay at IETE technical Review Volume 37 Isssue 4 PP 429-432
XII. Optimized Sensor Linearization for Thermocouple”. A White paper published by Texas Instruments in TIDUA11A–June 2015–Revised September 2015
XIII. RTD Temperature vs. resistance Table: Publisehed by the Omega technologies in 2012
XIV. Revised Thermocouple Reference Tables, Type K. Data Table by Omega Technologies, 2012
XV. “Signal Conditioning and Linearization of RTD Sensors” by Collin Wells of Texas Instruments. HPA Precision Linear Applications 9/24/11.
XVI. “Theoretical and Experimental Research of Error of Method of Thermocouple with Controlled Profile of Temperature Field” by Su Jun,O. Kochan,Wang Chunzhi, Roman Kochan at “Measurement Science Review” on September 2015 D.O.I 10.1515/msr-2015-0041

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Journal Vol – 17 No -7, July 2022

STUDY ON SMART CONTRACT HONEYPOT COMBINED WITH MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES AND DATA ANALYSIS

Authors:

Swapna Siddamsetti, Dr. Muktevi Srivenkatesh

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.08.00001

August 27, 2022

Abstract:

The blockchain with the Ethereum platform has involved millions of accounts because of its powerful potential for providing countless services based on smart contracts. Millions of internet bots and hackers are looking forward to hitting open systems. Proactive security measures to secure our systems, data assets, and networks thus need to be facilitated. Each firm that does not wish to compromise its data must focus more on network security. Almost all commercial organizations and institutions worldwide create and utilize several cyber security technologies, such as intrusion detection systems to prevent unauthorized users or malware-related antivirus. Honeypots are one of these technologies. The efficiency of honeypots has deteriorated as the years have passed. We integrate the honeypot with Blockchain technology to enhance efficiency and effectiveness. We provide a data science detection method in this research that is mostly based on contract transaction behaviour. As a result, we suggest a specific kind of unfavorable honeypot. Through a comparison of the 352 honeypots and the 158,568 non-honeypots, the code and behavioral characteristics of honeypots are discovered. We try to separate these parts of an adversarial honeypot so that it can work around the ways that hackers can find it now.

Keywords:

Honeypot,smart contract,Ethereum,classification ,

Refference:

I. Choi SK, Yang CH, Kwak J. 2018. System hardening and security monitoring for IoT devices to mitigate IoT security vulnerabilities and threats. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems 12(2):906–918.
II. Dairu, Xie & Shilong, Zhang. (2021). Machine Learning Model for Sales Forecasting by Using XGBoost. 480-483. 10.1109/ICCECE51280.2021.9342304.
III. Etherscan, “Ethereum developer apis,” December 2019, https://etherscan.io/apis.
IV. Guo D, Zhong RY, Ling S, Rong Y, Huang GQ. 2020. A roadmap for Assembly 4.0: self-configuration of fixed-position assembly islands under Graduation Intelligent Manufacturing System. International Journal of Production Research 58(15):4631–4646 DOI 10.1080/00207543.2020.1762944.
V. Ja’fari F, Mostafavi S, Mizanian K, Jafari E. 2020. An intelligent botnet blocking approach in software-defined networks using honeypots. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing.
VI. Jiafu W, Shenglong T, Zhaogang S, Di L, Shiyong W, Muhammad I, Athanasios VV. 2016. Software-defined industrial internet of things in the context of industry 4. 0. IEEE Sensors Journal 16(20):7373–7380.
VII. Mitchell, “Machine learning and data mining,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 42, no. 11, 1999.
VIII. Park ST, Li G, Hong JC. 2018. A study on smart factory-based ambient intelligence context-aware intrusion detection system using machine learning. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 11:1405–1412 DOI 10.1007/s12652-018-0998-6.
IX. Seungjin L, Abdullah A, Jhanjhi NZ. 2020. A review on honeypot-based botnet detection models for smart factory. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 11(6):418–435.
X. Sharma, Vivek. (2012). Design & Implementation of Honeyd to Simulate Virtual Honeypots. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering. 3. 28-34. 10.9790/0661-0312834.
XI. Vishwakarma R. 2019. A honeypot with machine learning based detection framework for defending IoT based Botnet DDoS attacks. In: 3rd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics, 23rd to 25th April 2019, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. 1019–1024.
XII. Wang W, Shang Y, He Y, Li Y, Liu J. 2020. BotMark: automated botnet detection with hybrid analysis of flow-based and graph-based traffic behaviors. Information Sciences 511:284–296 DOI 10.1016/j.ins.2019.09.024.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -8, August 2022

FOURTH-ORDER ACTIVE LOW PASS FILTER FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Authors:

Karnajit Burman, Bikash Chandra Bag, Anup Gorai

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.08.00002

August 27, 2022

Abstract:

We have designed a fourth-order active lowpass filter which is a cascade version of two-second-order lowpass filters. To achieve the application, the Sallen-Key and conventional second-order filters are used in the first stage and second stages respectively. This filter is designed especially for biomedical applications for the detection of very low frequencies in the range from 1 Hz to 100 Hz.  We get stable output waveforms with high selectivity, fewer harmonics, and sharp waveform crest and trough.

Keywords:

Lowpass filter,Active Filter,Bio-medical application,Fourth order filter,

Refference:

I. Christopher Hallberg, J., Mary Therese Lysaught, Christopher E. Zmudka, William K. Kopesky, and Lars E. Olson, “Characterization of a human powered nebulizer compressor for resource poor settings”, Biomedical Engineering Online, 13 (2014) 77.
II. Dondelinger, Robert, “Defibrillators”, Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 48 (2014) 131-137.
III. Elfekey, Hatem, Hany Ayad Bastawrous, and Shogo Okamoto. “A touch sensing technique using the effects of extremely low frequency fields on the human body.” Sensors 16, no. 12 (2016) 2049.
IV. Huang, Chun-Chieh, Shao-Hang Hung, Jen-Feng Chung, Lan-Da Van, and Chin-Teng Lin. “Front-end amplifier of low-noise and tunable BW/gain for portable biomedical signal acquisition.” In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 2717-2720. IEEE, 2008.
IV. Imad Fakhri Taha Alshaikhli, Sabaa Ahmed Yahya, Irma Pammusu, and Khamis Faraj Alarabi, “A study on the effects of EEG and ECG signals while listening to Qur’an recitation”, In The 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M), pp. 1-6 (2014).
V. Jakab, Andrei, Antti Kulkas, Timo Salpavaara, Pasi Kauppinen, Jarmo Verho, Hannu Heikkilä, and Ville Jäntti, “Novel wireless electroencephalography system with a minimal preparation time for use in emergencies and prehospital care”, Biomedical Engineering Online,13 (2014) 60.
VI. S. Qureshi, and S. Krishnan, Wearable hardware design for the internet of medical things (IoMT), Sensors 18 (2018) 3812.
VII. Song, Yong, Qun Hao, Kai Zhang, Jingwen Wang, Xuefeng Jin, and He Sun. “Signal transmission in a human body medium-based body sensor network using a Mach-Zehnder electro-optical sensor.” Sensors 12, no. 12 (2012): 16557-16570.
IX. Wan, Hao, Liujing Zhuang, Yuxiang Pan, Fan Gao, Jiawei Tu, Bin Zhang, and Ping Wang. “Biomedical sensors.” In Biomedical Information Technology, pp. 51-79. Academic Press, 2020.
X. Wang, Ning, Alison Testa, and Barry J. Marshall. “Development of a bowel sound detector adapted to demonstrate the effect of food intake.” BioMedical Engineering OnLine 21, no. 1 (2022) 1-12.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -8, August 2022

A SOLAR CELL-BASED INVERTER WITH IMPROVED BATTERY LIFE FOR INDUCTION MOTOR

Authors:

Samyamoy Das, Prithwish Biswas, Avijit Dey, Supratim Nandi, Sudip Raut, Asoke Kumar Paul

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.08.00003

August 27, 2022

Abstract:

This thesis deals with the design and prototype development of an inverter to feed AC power to an induction motor coupled with a pump. In this type of load, input power is proportional to the cube of the speed. The inverter is fed from a 48 V rechargeable battery, which is charged through a solar panel. The basic intention of this research work is to start an induction motor with lower voltage and lower frequency, keeping v/f constant, such that the starting current is low. This concept can be utilized to run a submersible pump in a remote area where there is no electric power supply or where there is a problem in the distribution system. Submersible pumps are normally operated for a small interval (30 to 60 min). This energy can be supplied by a 48 V, 75 Amp-Hour Lead Acid type rechargeable battery. This is achieved by connecting four numbers of 12 V Lead Acid batteries. This experiment has been conducted with a Lead acid battery but the Lithium Ion battery gives better performance. The solar panel (cell) is used to charge the battery for around 8 hours from morning and with the fully charged battery, the pump is run through the inverter for a short time of around 90 min. An inverter has been designed to run a 1 hp induction motor coupled with a submersible pump. The motor is started with low voltage with v/f control. Gradually the full voltage is applied and the motor runs at the rated speed. After an operation of a preset time, the motor is stopped. In this design, we have used a PIC microcontroller to generate the Pulse Width Modulated waveform. By this technique, we have tried to increase the fundamental components of the AC voltage waveform. This improves the efficiency of the pump. The design is modular. In this application, we have used 8 MOSFETs in parallel. For higher-capacity motors, one can use more MOSFETs to deliver the primary current to the transformer.

Keywords:

Efficiency,Battery longer lifespan,V/f control,solar power,carbon credit,

Refference:

I. Asoke Kumar Paul, I Banerjee, B K Santra and N Neogi, “Adjustable speed drives for rolling mill applications”, Steel India, March 2008, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp 46-50, Published by Steel Authority of India Limited.
II. GAURAV ARORA, NEHA AGGARWAL, DEBOJYOTI SEN, PRAJJWAL SINGH, Design of Solar Power Inverter, International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology (IARJSET), Vol. 2, Special Issue 1, May 2015
III. Muhammad Asif RABBAN, SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS AND DC TO AC INVERTERS, ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – Bulletin of Engineering [e-ISSN: 2067-3809] TOME XIII [2020] | FASCICULE 2 [April – June]
IV. S. Nithya Lavanya, T. Bramhananda Reddy, M. Vijay Kumar. : ‘LOW COMPUTATIONAL BURDEN AND FIXED SWITCHING FREQUENCY RANDOM PWM TECHNIQUES FOR VECTOR CONTROLLED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE’. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Special Issue, No.-5, January (2020) pp 227-239. https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.spl.5/2020.01.00020

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Journal Vol – 17 No -8, August 2022

PARAMETERS OPTIMISATION FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDING OF MILD STEEL WELD BEAD GEOMETRY USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

Authors:

Deb Kumar Adak, Diptendu Senapati, Prashanjit Dutta

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2022.08.00004

August 27, 2022

Abstract:

The research on controlling metal transfer modes in the SAW process is essential to have high-quality welding with minimum cost. As a part of the study, on the effects of process parameters on weld bead geometry in Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), a technique that has proved very useful in reducing to a minimum number of experiments required is a branch of applied mathematics known as factorial design technique or fractional factorial design technique. Weld bead size and shape are important considerations for design and manufacturing engineers in the fabrication industry. This is done to specify and establish the interrelation between the mechanical properties and the various weld parameters as well as it also investigates the most ideal combination of the various parameters which gives good weld quality, high strength, and durability. In this study manual Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding setup modified into a semi-automatic SAW facility, has been used. For this investigation, a statistical technique, response surface methodology (RSM) with Minitab 2017 has been used for the analysis of the direct and interaction effects of the process. Weld beads were deposited with bead-on-plate techniques using copper-coated mild steel wire and agglomerated flux for shielding on mild steel plates.

Keywords:

submerged arc welding,response surface methodology,factorial design,

Refference:

I. A. Biswas, A. Bhowmik, S. Datta and S. Bhaumik, “Feasibility study of submerged arc welding (SAW) on mild steel plate IS 2062 Grade B at zero degree Celsius”, Singapore SG, vol. 13 (3) Part XV, Mar 29-30, 2015.
II. A. Ghosh, S. Chattopadhyaya and R.K.Das, “Effect of heat input on submerged arc welded plates”, Physics Engineering (ICM11), vol. 10, pp. 2791–2796, 2011.
III. A. Kumar, S. Maheshwari and S. K. Sharma, “Optimization of Vickers hardness and impact strength of silica based fluxes for submerged arc welding by Taguchi method”, 4th International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterization, Materials Today: Proceedings vol. 2, pp. 1092 – 1101, 2015.
IV. A. Saha and S. C. Mondal, “Optimization of process parameters in submerged arc welding using multi-objectives Taguchi method”, 5th International & 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th, 2014, IIT Guwahati, Assam, India.
V. D.V. Kiran, B. Basu and A. De, “Influence of process variables on weld bead quality in two wire tandem submerged arc welding of HSLA steel”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212, pp. 2041– 2050, 2012.
VI. J. Lau, Y. Dong, L. Longfei and W. Xiaoming, “Microstructure of 2205 duplex stainless steel joint in submerged arc welding by post weld heat treatment’’ Elsevier: Journal of Manufacturing Processes vol. 16, pp. 144-148, February 2014.
VII. R. Rao and V. Kalyankar, “Experimental investigation on submerged arc welding of Cr–Mo–V steel”, Springer: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Technology, vol. 69, pp. 93-106, May 2016.
VIII. R. Rao and V. Kalyankar, “Experimental investigation on submerged arc welding of Cr–Mo–V steel”, Springer: International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing and Technology, vol. 69, pp. 93-106, May 2016.
IX. S. Kumanan, J.Edwin Raja Dhas and K. Gowthaman, “Determination of submerged arc welding process parameters using Taguchi method and regression analysis”, Indian Journal of Engineering & Material Sciences, vol. 14, pp. 177-183, June 2007.
X. Shigeo OYAMA, Tadashi KASUYA and Kouichi SHINADA, “High-speed one-side submerged arc welding process “NH-HISAW”, NIPPON Steel Technical Report No. 95 January 2007, UDC 621. 791: 753. 5.
XI. V. Gunaraj and N. Murugan, “Prediction and comparison of the area of the heat-affected zone for the bead-on-plate and bead-on-joint in submerged arc welding of pipes”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 95, pp. 246-261, 1999.
XII. Y.S. Tarng, S.C. Juang and C.H. Chang, “The use of grey-based Taguchi methods to determine submerged arc welding process parameters in hardfacing”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 128, pp. 1–6, 2002.

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Journal Vol – 17 No -8, August 2022