Journal Vol – 19 No – 3, March 2024

Abstract:

Concrete is the most used building material in civil engineering. The mechanical properties of concrete depend on the percentage of materials used in the mix design. There are different types of mixture methods, and the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete using the mixture method through data analysis. In this case, more than 45 mixture designs are collected to find the estimated mixture design. The estimated mixture design was found by correlation matrix and the correlation between materials of concrete. Moreover, to find the reliability of the compressive strength of concrete through data mining, two models have been established. In this term, Linear Regression (LR), Ridge Regression (RR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR), and Polynomial Regression (PR) have been applied to predict compressive strength. In this study, the stress-strain curve of the compressive strength of concrete was also investigated. To find the accuracy of machine learning models, Correlation Coefficient (R2), Mean Absolute Errors (MAE), and Root Mean Squared Errors (RMSE) are established. However, the machine learning prediction model of RR and PR shows the best results of prediction with R2 0.93, MAE 3.7, and RMSE 5.3 for RR. The PR R2 was more than 0.91, moreover, the stress-strain of compressive strengths has been predicted with high accuracy through Logistic Algorithm Function. The experimental results were acceptable. In the compressive strength experimental results R2 was 0.91 MAE was 1.07, and RMSE was 2.71 from prediction mixture designs. Finally, the prediction and experimental results have indicated that the current study was reliable.

Keywords:

Data Mining,Concrete Compressive Strength,Prediction Method,Reliability,Artificial Intelligence,Machine Learning,

Refference:

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Abstract:

The Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) are cylindrical nanostructures made up of nitrogen and boron atoms stacked hexagonally. Comparable to carbon nanotubes, BNNTs have exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal capabilities. The increasing prevalence of micro-electromechanical systems in different technological fields underscores the necessity of gaining a comprehension of their mechanical behavior. The behaviour of Functionally Graded Boron Nitride Nanotube-Reinforced Composite (FG-BNNTRC) concerning microbeam cracks during free movement is investigated in this study. BNNT can be added to a matrix of polymers in four distinct manners to give reinforcements. The BNNTRC substance features are expected by the standard of integrating fractured microbeams. This study's primary goal is to investigate the free vibration properties of FG-BNNTRC cracked micro beams. It is crucial to focus on evaluating how different BNNT reinforcing structures, volume %, dimension/thickness ratio, and length scale elements affect vibration frequencies. This paper evaluates the vibration of fractured microbeams having length dependency using the modified couple stress theory. Following examining the effects of various causes, it emerges that the frequencies exhibit noticeable variances. The study shows that when the thickness of the beam becomes closer to the length scale parameter, the size impact gets stronger. The thickness of the beam grows, and the size impact decreases. The results are significant consequences with the design in addition to developing innovative composite materials for micro-scale applications, demonstrating the details of the complex interplay among nanoscale reinforcements and structural integrity.

Keywords:

Beam Theories,Boron Nitride Nanotube,Vibration,Size Effect,Functionally Graded Boron Nitride Nanotube-Reinforced Composite (FG-BNNTRC,

Refference:

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II. Bakhtiari-Nejad, F. and Nazemizadeh, M., 2016. Size-dependent dynamic modeling and vibration analysis of MEMS/NEMS-based nanomechanical beam based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. Acta Mechanica, 227(5), pp.1363-1379.

III. Chen, D., Zheng, S., Wang, Y., Yang, L. and Li, Z., 2020. Nonlinear free vibration analysis of a rotating two-dimensional functionally graded porous micro-beam using isogeometric analysis. European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 84, p.104083.

IV. Civalek, Ö., Akbaş, Ş.D., Akgöz, B. and Dastjerdi, S., 2021. Forced vibration analysis of composite beams reinforced by carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials, 11(3), p.571.

V. Eghbali, M., Hosseini, S.A. and Pourseifi, M., 2022. Free transverse vibrations analysis of size-dependent cracked piezoelectric nano-beam based on the strain gradient theory under mechanic-electro forces. Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 143, pp.606-612.

VI. Guo, L.J., Mao, J.J., Zhang, W. and Wu, M., 2023. Stability Analyses of Cracked Functionally Graded Graphene-Platelets Reinforced Composite Beam Covered with Piezoelectric Layers. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, p.2350164.
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VIII. Huang, T., Li, Y., Chen, M. and Wu, L., 2020. Bi-directional high thermal conductive epoxy composites with radially aligned boron nitride nanosheets lamellae. Composites Science and Technology, 198, p.108322.

IX. Jones, R.S., Gonzalez-Munoz, S., Griffiths, I., Holdway, P., Evers, K., Luanwuthi, S., Maciejewska, B.M., Kolosov, O. and Grobert, N., 2023. Thermal Conductivity of Carbon/Boron Nitride Heteronanotube and Boron Nitride Nanotube Buckypapers: Implications for Thermal Management Composites. ACS Applied Nano Materials.

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XIII. Mercan, K. and Civalek, Ö., 2022. Comparative Stability Analysis of Boron Nitride Nanotube using MD Simulation and Nonlocal Elasticity Theory. International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(4), pp.189-200.

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XXI. Vandecruys, E., Van de Velde, M., Reynders, E., Lombaert, G. and Verstrynge, E., 2023. Experimental study on acoustic emission sensing and vibration monitoring of corroding reinforced concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 293, p.116553.

XXII. Xu, C., Rong, D., Zhou, Z., Deng, Z. and Lim, C.W., 2020. Vibration and buckling characteristics of cracked natural fiber reinforced composite plates with corner point-supports. Engineering Structures, 214, p.110614.

XXIII. Yan, J.W. , He, J.B. and Tong, L.H., 2019. Longitudinal and torsional vibration characteristics of boron nitride nanotubes. Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies, 7, pp. 205-215.

XXIV. Zeighampour, H., Tadi Beni, Y. and Kiani, Y., 2020. Electric field effects on buckling analysis of boron–nitride nanotubes using surface elasticity theory. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 20 (12), p.2050137.

XXV. Zeighampour, H. and Tadi Beni, Y., 2020. Buckling analysis of boron nitride nanotube with and without defect using molecular dynamic simulation. Molecular Simulation, 46(4), pp.279-288.

XXVI. Zhao, J.L., Chen, X., She, G.L., Jing, Y., Bai, R.Q., Yi, J., Pu, H.Y. and Luo, J., 2022. Vibration characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite double-beams in thermal environments. Steel Compos Struct, 43(6), pp.797-808.

XXVII. Zhu, L.F., Ke, L.L., Xiang, Y., Zhu, X.Q. and Wang, Y.S., 2020. Vibrational power flow analysis of cracked functionally graded beams. Thin-Walled Structures, 150, p.106626.

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Abstract:

An ultra-wideband patch antenna (UWB) that makes use of tapered slot technology is designed and analyzed in this article. Coplanar waveguide feeds the projected antenna. The presented antenna displayed superior UWB performances with -10 dB return-loss bandwidth, ranging from 1.9 to 12 GHz. The projected slot antenna has another benefit of minimizing the interference effect of the narrow band communications conducted by two notch bands operating at 3.3–3.8 GHz (WiMAX) and 5.1-6 GHz  (WLAN and HIPERLAN/2), respectively. The Dual-Bands rejection is generated by etching out a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) from the patch and placing a trapezoidal split ring resonator (TSRR). Adaptable single or dual-band rejection characteristics have been added to the behavior of the UWB antenna, by mounting electronic switching across SRR and CSRR. Furthermore, the presented UWB slot antenna is printed on an FR4-epoxy substrate (ε_r = 4.4) and it has an overall size of . 55x48x1.5 mm³

Keywords:

Bi-directional Antenna,UWB,Split Ring Resonator,Dual Band-Notch Antenna,Reconfigurable Antenna,

Refference:

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VII. F. Abayaje, S. A. Hashem, H. S. Obaid, Y. S. Mezaal, & S. K. Khaleel, “A miniaturization of the UWB monopole antenna for wireless baseband transmission,” Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 256–262, 2020.
VIII. Fontana, R. L., “Recent system applications of short pulse ultra-wideband (UWB) technology,” IEEE Trans. MTT, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2087-2104, 2004.
IX. Kumar, O.P.; Ali, T.; Kumar,P.; Kumar, P.; Anguera, J. “An Elliptical-Shaped Dual-Band UWBNotch Antenna for Wireless” Applications. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 1310. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031310.
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XI. Mohamed H, Elkorany A, Saad S, Saleeb D. New simple flower shaped reconfigurable band-notched UWB antenna using single varactor diode. Prog. Electromagn Resc C 2017; 76: 197-206.
XII. Nikolaou S, Kingsley N, Poncha G, Papapolymerou J, Tentzeris M. UWB elliptical monopoles with a reconfigurable band notch using MEMS switches actuated without bias lines. IEEE Trans Antenn Propg 2009; 57: 2242-2251.
XIII. Nickolas Kingsley, etal., “RF MEMS Sequentially Reconfigurable Sierpinski Antenna on a Flexible Organic Substrate With Novel DC–Biasing Technique”, Journal of Microelectro–Mechanical Systems, vol. 16, no. 5, October 2007.
XIV. Ojaroudi N, Ojaroudi M. A novel design of reconfigurable small monopole antenna with switchable band notch and multi-resonance functions for UWB applications. Microw Opt Techn Let 2013; 55: 652-656.
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XVI. Qing-Xin Chu, etal, “A Compact Ultra wideband Antenna With 3.4/5.5 GHz Dual Band-Notched Characteristics”, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, no.12, 2008.
XVII. Qing-Xin Chu, etal, “A Compact Ultra wideband Antenna With 3.4/5.5 GHz Dual Band-Notched Characteristics”, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, no.12, 2008.
XVIII. Tripathi S, Mohan A, Yadav S. A compact fractal UWB antenna with reconfigurable band notch functions. Microw Opt Techn Let 2016; 58: 509-514.
XIX. S. K. Mishra, and J. Mukherjee, “Compact Printed Dual Band-Notched U-Shape UWB Antenna”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 27, 169–181, 2012.
XX. Symeon Nikolaou, etal,. “UWB Elliptical Monopoles with a Reconfigurable Band Notch Using MEMS Switches Actuated Without Bias Lines”, IEEE Transaction on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 8, August 2009.
XXI. Y. S. Mezaal, H. H. Saleh, H. Al-saedi, “New compact microstrip filters based on quasi fractal resonator,” Adv. Electromagn., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 93–102, 2018.
XXII. Y. S. Mezaal, H. T. Eyyuboglu, “A new narrow band dual-mode microstrip slotted patch bandpass filter design based on fractal geometry,” In 2012 7th International Conference on Computing and Convergence Technology (ICCCT), IEEE, pp. 1180–1184, 2012.
XXIII. Y. S. Mezaal, H. T. Eyyuboglu, & J. K. Ali (2013, September). A new design of dual band microstrip bandpass filter based on Peano fractal geometry: Design and simulation results. In 2013 13th Mediterranean Microwave Symposium (MMS) (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
XXIV. Y. S. Mezaal, S. F. Abdulkareem, “New microstrip antenna based on quasi-fractal geometry for recent wireless systems,” In 2018 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), 2018.
XXV. Y. S. Li, W. X. Li and Q. B. Ye, “Compact Reconfigurable UWB Antenna Integrated With Stepped Impedance Stub Loaded Resonator and Switches”, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 27, 239–252, 2012.
XXVI. Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Mustafa Mahdi Ali, and Adham R. Azeez, “Single and Dual Band-Notch UWB Antenna Using SRR/CSRR Resonators, ” Journal of Communications, Vol. 14, No. 6, PP. 504-510, June 2019.
XXVII. Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Amer A. Osman, and Adham R. Azeez, “First order parallel coupled BPF with wideband rejection based on SRR and CSRR, “Telkomnika, Vol.17, No.6, PP. 2704-2712, December 2019.
XXVIII. Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Adham R. Azeez, Mustafa M. Ali, and Taha A. Elwi, “A Modified Compact Bi-Directional UWB Tapered Slot Antenna with Double Band-Notch Characteristics, “Advanced Electromagnetics, Vol. 8, No. 4, PP. 74-79, September 2019.

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Abstract:

In this article, new oscillation criteria for the second-order self-adjoint Matrix differential equations by using the Riccatti technique are obtained. A suitable example is given to illustrate the significance and effectiveness of the result.       

Keywords:

Matrix Differential equations,oscillation,selfadjoint,damping,

Refference:

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Abstract:

Bangladesh has a higher population density than most other nations in the world. This project aims to evaluate the effects of experimental family planning and maternal and child health. Bangladesh saw changes in the use of contraceptives, the continuation of contraception, fertility, and infant and child mortality between 2012 and 2022. The project's current goal is to guarantee improved family health. To satisfy the changing needs and priorities of families and to provide better health for all, this paper has proposed several novel initiatives, such as enhanced health and family planning services, and enhancing maternal and child health. The goal of this project is to improve the health of women and children through family planning using an age-structured population model. It also covers the graphical presentation of the data using programs like Matlab, Mathematica, Excel, and others.

Keywords:

Population Model,Sharpe-Lotka model,Gurtin MacCamy model,family planning,women’s and child’s health,

Refference:

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Abstract:

In this paper, we have presented a model of two-phased arterial hepatic blood flow in hepaticarteries remote from the heart and proximate to the Liver keeping in view the nature of hepatic blood circulation in the human body. Blood is supposed to be non-Newtonian of the power-law type. Solutions of the constitutive equations are obtained in analytical as well as in numerical forms. The role of hematocrit is explicit in the determination of blood pressure drop in the case of Hepatic disease Hepatitis B.

Keywords:

Hepatic Blood Flow,Non-Newtonian power law model,Haematocrit,Blood pressure drop,Hepatitis B,

Refference:

I. Häussinger, Dieter, Liver Regeneration. Berlin: De Gruyter. 2011, 1.

II. Hwang S. Microcirculation of the liver. Venous embolization of the liver. DOI 10.1007/978-1-84882- 122-4_2, 2011.

III. Sinnatamby CS. Last’s anatomy: regional and applied. 11th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier. 2006, 273. 8. Sheldon GF, Rutledge R. Hepatic trauma. AdvSurg; 22: 179-93, 1989.

IV. Upadhyay, V., Prakash, Om and Pandey, P. N. A mathematical model for two phase hepatic blood flow in artery with special reference to hepatitis-B, The Pharma Journal, 82-9,1.1, 2012.

V. Vollmar B, Menger MD. The hepatic microcirculation, mechanistic contributions and therapeutic target in liver injury and repair.Physiol Rev, 2009; 89:1269-1339.

VI. Vollmar B, Menger MD. The hepatic microcirculation: mechanistic contributions and therapeutic targets in liver injury and repair. Physiol. Rev. 1269-1339, 2009.

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