Journal Vol – 18 No -12, December 2023

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GASEOUS COMPONENT (CO2) DUE TO THE ADDITION OF H2 IN THE FUEL STREAM OF THE COUNTERFLOW CH4/AIR DIFFUSION FLAME

Authors:

Akter Hossain

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00001

Abstract:

In this study, a series of 1-D and steady-state numerical simulations have been performed for the prediction of the effect of the addition of H2 on the characteristics of a non-sooting counterflow CH4/Air diffusion flame using detailed chemical reaction model, which is composed of 325 elementary chemical reactions and 53 chemical species. Under the steady-state assumption, a set of one-dimensional transport equations of mass, momentum, species, and energy along with the equation of state has been solved numerically at the atmospheric conditions over the counterflow configuration by exploiting an efficient numerical code, OPPDIF (a Fortran Program for Computing Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flames). The grid adaption technique has been used to achieve better convergence as well as to ensure the maximum accuracy of the simulated results. It is found that the flame temperature is increased due to the addition of H2 with CH4, which is injected into the fuel stream. The elevation in the temperature is caused by the augmentation of the integrated heat release rate of the elementary reactions supported by the active radicals (H, O, and OH), which are generated by the higher reactivity of H2. Besides, it is found that the mole fractions of H2O are increased as the percentage of H2 in the loading fuel (CH4) is increased and also, it is identified that the chain propagating reaction, OH + H2 => H2O + H is dominating one which produces highest amount of H2O. Furthermore, it is noticed that the indirect greenhouse gas or precursor, CO is reduced when H2 is added to CH4. Consequently, the mole fraction of the principle greenhouse gas, CO2 is decreased significantly when the fuel, CH4 percentage is modified by the higher percentage of H2. The sensitivity analysis of elementary reactions reveals the fact that the chemical reaction: OH + CO => H + CO2 is a dominating reaction in producing a lower amount of CO2 when the volume fraction of H2 is increased in the fuel (CH4) stream. In the presence of 75 % H2 in CH4, the pressure-dependent reaction, O + CO (+M) => CO2 (+M) appears as another chemical route that also generates greenhouse gas, CO2 but its contribution is negligibly small.

Keywords:

Numerical simulation,Methane,Counterflow diffusion flame,Green fuel (H2),Greenhouse gas (CO2),

Refference:

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IV. Hossain A., Nakamura Y., : ‘A numerical study on the ability to predict the heat release rate using CH* chemiluminescence in non-sooting counterflow diffusion flames.’ Combust. Flame, 161, 162–172 (2014). 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.08.021
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VI. Liu, F., Smallwood, G. J., Gülder, Ö. L., : ‘Numerical study on the influence of hydrogen addition on soot formation in a laminar ethylene–air diffusion flame.’ Combust. and Flame, 145 (1-2), 324-338 (2006). 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.10.016

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OPTIMAL POLICY OF THE INTERVAL EPQ MODEL USING C-L INTERVAL INEQUALITY

Authors:

Rukhsar Khatun, Goutam Chakraborty, Md Sadikur Rahman

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00002

Abstract:

The objective of this work is to study the optimal policy of the classical economic production quantity (EPQ) model under interval uncertainty using interval inequality. To serve this purpose existing arithmetic mean-geometric mean (AM-GM) inequality is extended for interval numbers using c-L interval order relation. Then, using the said AM-GM interval inequality, the optimal policy of the classical EPQ model in the interval environment is developed.  Thereafter, the optimality policy of the classical EPQ model in a crisp environment is obtained as a special case of that of the interval environment. Finally, all the optimality results are illustrated with the help of some numerical examples.

Keywords:

Interval order relation,Generalised AM-GM inequality,c-L minimizer,Interval EPQ,c-L optimal policy,

Refference:

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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL PARALLEL FULL ADDER USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

Authors:

Arunava Bhattacharyya, Asish Mitra

DOI NO:

https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2023.12.00003

Abstract:

A verbal exchange today wishes for quick operational progress. This can be accomplished by replacing devices that are primarily concerned with commutation and logic with photon-based systems instead of the usual data service, the electron. The basic building blocks of superior frames are called gates. With the aid of these gates, various logical and mathematical operations can be performed. All-optical arithmetical and logical processes are eagerly expected in high-speed dialogue frameworks. In this chapter, we've introduced parallel models for adding two binary digits that are based on Sagnac gates with help from semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) and terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexers (TOAD). We created a Full adder that works in parallel using only two TOADs as total switches. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), we have created a model of this circuit that is equivalent. Utilizing ANN, this circuit design has been validated. This optical circuit is now capable of synthesizing light as an input and successfully structuring the aspiration output in addition to speeding up calculation. This parallel circuit's biggest advantage is that it doesn't need synchronization for distinct inputs. An ANN model was used to analyze this circuit's performance in detail.

Keywords:

artificial neural networks,optical logic,semiconductor optical amplifier,Terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer,

Refference:

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