Archive

Abstract:

Ageing car tyres are a hidden hazard and recipe for road accidents. Many vehicle users and their cohorts seem unconcerned and ignorant about tyre profile and its implications on human lives and livelihood. This study reviewed car users' and vulcanizers’ comprehension of basic arithmetic of vehicle tyre profile to instigate best practices as well as instil proper maintenance culture. Out of 307 participants, purposive and convenient sampling were employed to select 292 vehicle users and a snowball to contact 15 vulcanizers. Results after a short interview analysis revealed that car users are aware of tyre inflation pressure and could identify the rim diameter of car tyres. Meanwhile, a significant number of users couldn’t tell where to locate their vehicle tyre specification details on their cars and were also unable to interpret tyre profiles including; tyre life cycle, tyre blend, tyre speed rating and load index. Although the majority of the vehicle users carried spare tyres, most of them do not check the conditions of their spare tyres until they are in need. Responses from vulcanizers revealed that most vehicle users do not bother about tyre expiry dates but rather prefer tyre fixing to tyre replacements. It is recommended that the Leaders of Transport Unions of commercial vehicles need to ensure proper load weight of vehicles before setting off from their terminals. Drivers and Vehicle License Authority (DVLA) needs to ensure healthy tyre condition before issuing roadworthy certificates. National Road Safety Authority (NRSA) must maximize sensitization campaigns towards proper tyre maintenance practices to reduce tyre failure accidents.

Keywords:

Tyre profile,vulcanizers,road accidents,pneumatic tyres,

Refference:

I. Abdul Wahab, M. A. F., Mohd Jawi, Z., Abdul Hamid, I., Solah, M. S., Mohd
Latif, M. H., Md Isa, M. H., Hamzah, A. (2017). Automotive Consumerism in Malaysia with Regard to Car Maintenance. Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia, 1(2), 137–153.

II. Albert Kumi Arkoh, Isaac Edunyah, Emmanuel Acquah (2018). Assessing the Knowledge of Vehicle Users and Vulcanizers of Tyre Profile on Vehicle Performance Article in International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) • May 2018 DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.8.5.2018.p7785.

III. Chen, K.-Y., & Yeh, C.-F. (2018). Preventing Tire Blowout Accidents: A Perspective on Factors Affecting Drivers’ Intention to Adopt Tire Pressure Monitoring System. Safety, 4(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety4020016

IV. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.

V. etyres. (2018). Why it is important to know your tyre tread depth. etyres. Retrieved from https://www.etyres.co.uk/news/tyre-tread-chart-17885.html

VI. Garbrah Cecil (2022). Specifications on Car Tyres Loading Index & Speed Rating. TopTech Transport and Logistics Ghana. https://www.toptechtransportgh.com

VII. Ghana Statistical Service (2014). 2010 Population and Housing Census; District Analytical Report; Mampong Municipal.

VIII. Muhamad Syukri Abdul Khalid, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, Mohd Hafzi MD ISA and Muhamad Arif Fahmi Abdul Wahab (2018). Car Users’ Knowledge & Practices on Tyre Maintenance in Malaysia. Human Factors and Ergonomics Journal 2018, Vol. 3 (2): 84 94

IX. RoSPA. (2018). Road Safety Factsheet: Tyre Safety. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. Retrieved from https://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/road-safety/vehicles/tyre-safety-factsheet.pdf

X. Virkar D. S. and Thombare D. G. (2013).Parametric Study and Experimental Evaluation of Vehicle Tire Performance. Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013.ISSN 2278 – 0149. https://www.ijmerr.com

View Download

Abstract:

This paper presents the findings of an experimental study on the effect of temperature gradient on bubble rise velocity in water. At the bottom of the chamber holding water, a bubble (equivalent diameter, req 1 mm) is created and rises through it. At a height of 60 cm from the chamber's bottom, a high-speed camera (1000 fps, Kodak, Model 1000 HRC) is mounted with a 90 mm Macro lens. It is connected to a computer. For image capture and processing, the commercial tools Sigma Scan Pro 5.0 and Adobe Photoshop are used. The chamber can be heated with infrared light, resulting in a constant temperature gradient of 1.1⁰C/cm between 30 and 40 cm above the needle in the water. Bubble rise characteristics, such as bubble size and rise velocity, are determined both in the presence and absence of a temperature gradient. The current study clearly demonstrates that this gradient causes an additional increase in terminal rise velocity.

Keywords:

Bubble,Temperature Gradient,Rise Velocity,Water ,

Refference:

I. Arnold, K. and M. Stewart, Surface production operations. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. 2008, Amsterdam: Elsevier. 768 p.
II. Abdel-Aal, H.K., M. Aggour, and M.A. Fahim, Petroleum and gas field processing. 2003, New York: Marcel Dekker. XII, 364 p.
III. A. Mitra, T K Dutta & D N Ghosh, Natural Convective Heat Transfer in Water Enclosed Between Pairs of Differentially Heated Vertical Plates, Heat and Mass Transfer, 45, 2008, 187-192.
IV. A. Mitra, T K Dutta & D N Ghosh, Augmentation of Heat Transfer in a Bubble-agitated Vertical Rectangular Cavity, Heat and Mass Transfer, 48, 2012, 695-704.
V. Bybee, K., Production of heavy crude oil: Topside experiences on Grane, Journal of petroleum technology, 2007. 59(4): p. 86-89.
VI. Baker, A.C. and J.H. Entress, The VASPS subsea separation and pumping system.Chemical engineering research & design, 1992. 70(1): p. 9-16.
VII. Cohen, D.M. and P.A. Fischer, Production systems hit the seafloor running, World Oil, 2008. 229(1): p. 71-8.
VIII. CDS engineering and FMC Technologies, CDS StatoilHydro Degasser. [cited 2009 March 23]; Available from: http://www.fmctechnologies.com/upload/factsheet_cds_degasser.pdf.
IX. Clift, R., J.R. Grace, and M.E. Weber, Bubbles, drops, and particles. 1978, New York: Academic Press, xiii, 380 p.
X. Gjerdseth, A.C., A. Faanes, and R. Ramberg. The Tordis IOR Project, in Offshore technology conference, 2007. Houston.
XI. Grace, J.R., Shapes and velocities of bubbles rising in infinite liquids, Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1973. 51(2): p. 116-120.
XII. Grace, J.R., Shapes and velocities of single drops and bubbles moving freely through immiscible liquids, Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, 1976. 54(3): p. 167-173.
XIII. Haugan, J.A., Challenges in heavy crude oil – Grane, an overview, Journal of petroleum technology, 2006. 58(6): p. 53-54.
XIV. Lima Ochoterena, R. and Zenit, R., 2003, Visualization of the flow around a bubble moving in a low viscosity liquid, Revista Mexicana De Fisica 49, 348-352.
XV. Mitra A, Bhattacharya P, Mukhopadhyay S, Dhar K K, “Experimental Study on Shape and Path of Small Bubbles using Video-Image Analysis,” 2015 Third International Conf. On Computer, Communication, Control And Information Technology, 7 – 8 February 2015, Academy of Technology, Hooghly, West Bengal, India
XVI. Speight, J.G., The chemistry and technology of petroleum. 1999, New York: Marcel Dekker. xiv, 918 p.
XVII. Shoham, O. and G.E. Kouba, State of the art of gas/liquid cylindrical-cyclone compact-separator technology, Journal of petroleum technology, 1998. 50(7): p. 58-65.
XVIII. Schinkelshoek, P. and H.D. Epsom, Supersonic gas conditioning – Commercialisation of Twister technology, in GPA conference. 2008: Grapevine, Texas, USA.

View Download

Abstract:

In this study, we have proposed a fuzzy inventory model for deteriorating items with exponential price and time-dependent demand under inflation. Shortages are allowed partially with the rate of exponential duration of waiting time up to the arrival of the next lot.  The inventory parameters are considered as fuzzy valued. The corresponding problem has been formulated as a nonlinearly constrained optimization problem. A numerical example has been considered to illustrate the model and the significant features of the results are discussed. Finally, based on these examples, sensitivity analyses have been studied by taking one parameter at a time keeping the other parameters as same.

Keywords:

Inventory,deterioration,exponentially price,time-dependent demand,,partially backlogged shortage,inflation,fuzzy valued inventory costs,

Refference:

I. Abad, P.L. (1996). Optimal pricing and lot-sizing under of conditions of perishability and partial backordering, Management Science, 42,1093-1104.
II. Amutha, R., & Chandrasekaran, E. (2013). An inventory model for deteriorating items with three parameter weibull deterioration and price dependent demand, Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2(5), 1931-1935.
III. Abad, P.L. (1996). Optimal pricing and lot-sizing under of conditions of perishability and partial backordering, Management Science, 42,1093-1104.
IV. Baumol, W. J., & Vinod, H. C. (1970). An inventory theoretic model of freight transport demand, Management Science,16, 413 – 421.
V. Bhunia, A.K., & Maiti, M. (1998). Deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with finite rate of replenishment dependent on inventory level, Computers and Operations Research, 25, 997-1006.
VI. Bhunia, A.K., & Maiti, M. (1998). An inventory model of deteriorating items with lot-size dependent replenishment cost and a linear trend in demand, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 23, 301-308.
VII. Bhunia, A.K., & Shaikh, A.A. (2011). A deterministic model for deteriorating items with displayed inventory level dependent demand rate incorporating marketing decision with transportation cost. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 2(3), 547-562.
VIII. Bhunia A.K., Shaikh, A.A., Maiti, A.K., & Maiti, M. (2013a). A two warehouse deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with a linear trend in time dependent demand over finite time horizon by elitist real-coded genetic algorithm. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 4(2), 241-258.
IX. Bhunia, A.K., Shaikh, A.A., & Gupta, R.K. (2013b). A study on two-warehouse partially backlogged deteriorating inventory models under inflation via particle swarm optimization, International Journal of System Science. Article in Press.
X. Bierman, H., Thomas, J., (1977), ‘Inventory decision under inflationary conditions’, Decision Science, 8, 151-155.
XI. Buffa, F., & Munn, J. (1989). A recursive algorithm for order cycle that minimizes logistic cost, Journal of Operational Research Society, 40, 357.
XII. Buzacott, J. A., (1975), ‘Economic Order Quantities with inflation’, Operational Research Quarterly, 26, 553-558.
XIII. Chakrabarty, T., Giri, B.C., & Chaudhuri.,K.S. (1998). An EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, shortages and trend demand: An extention of Philip’s model., Computers & Operations Research, 25, 649-657.
XIV. Constable, G.K., & Whybark, D.C. (1978). Interactions of transportation and inventory decision, Decision Science, 9, 689.
XV. Covert, R.P., & Philip, G.C. (1973). An EOQ model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, American Institute of Industrial Engineering Transactions, 5, 323-326.
XVI. Datta, T,K., Pal, A.K., (1991), ‘Effects of inflation and time value of money on an inventory model with linearly time-dependent demand rate and shortages’, European Journal of Operational Research, 52, 326-333.
XVII. Deb, M., & Chaudhuri, K.S. (1986). An EOQ model for items with finite rate of production and variable rate of deterioration, Opsearch, 23, 175-181.
XVIII. Dey, J.K., Mondal, S.K., Maiti, M., (2008), ‘Two storage inventory problem with dynamic demand and interval valued lead-time over finite time horizon under inflation and time-value of money’, European Journal of Operational Research, 185, 170-194.
XIX. Emmons, H. (1968). A replenishment model for radioactive nuclide generators, Management Science, 14, 263- 273.
XX. Ghare, P., & Schrader, G. (1963). A model for exponential decaying inventories, Journal of Industrial Engineering, 14, 238-243.
XXI. Ghosh, S.K., & Chaudhury, K.S. (2004). An order-level inventory model for a deteriorating items with Weibull distribution deterioration, time-quadratic demand and shortages, International Journal of Advanced Modeling and Optimization, 6(1),31-45.
XXII. Giri, B.C., C hakrabarty ,T., & Chaudhuri K.S. (1999). Retailer’s optimal policy for perishable product with shortages when supplier offers all-unit quantity and freight cost discounts, Proceeding of National Academy of Sciences, 69(A),III, 315-326.
XXIII. Giri, B.C. Jalan,A.K., & Chaudhuri K.S. (2003). Economic order quantity model with weibull deteriorating distribution, shortage and ram-type demand, International journal of System Science, 34,237-243.
XXIV. Giri, B.C. Pal, S., Goswami A., & Chaudhuri K.S. (1996). An inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand rate, European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 604-610.
XXV. Goswami, A., & Chaudhuri, K. S. (1991). An EOQ model for deteriorating items with shortage and a linear trend in demand, Journal of the Operational Research Socity, 42, 1105-1110.
XXVI. Goyal, S.K., & Gunasekaran, A. (1995). An integrated production-inventory-marketing model for deteriorating items, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 28, 755-762.
XXVII. Hsieh, T.P., Dye, C.Y., Ouyang, L.Y., (2008), ‘Determining optimal lot size for a two-warehouse system with deteriorating and shortages using net present value’, European Journal of Operational Research, 191, 180-190.
XXVIII. Jaggi, C.K., Aggarwal, K.K., Goel, S.K., (2006), ‘Optimal order policy for deteriorating items with inflation induced demand’, International Journal of Production Economics, 103, 707-714.
XXIX. Jaggi, C.K., Khanna, A., Verma, P., (2011), ‘Two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory for deteriorating items with linear trends in demand under inflationary conditions’. International Journal of Systems Science, 42, 1185-1196.

XXX. Kawale, S., & Bansode. P. (2012). An EPQ model using weibull deterioration for deterioration item with time varying holding cost, International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Research, 1(4), 29-33.
XXXI. Kotler, P. (1971). Marketing Decision Making: A Model Building Approach, Holt. Rinehart, Winston, New York.
XXXII. Krishnaswamy, K. N., Kulkarni, N. G., & Mathirajan, M. (1995).
Inventory models with constraints and changing transportation cost
structure, International Journal of Management and Systems, 11, 91–110.
XXXIII. Ladany, S., & Sternleib, A. (1974). The intersection of economic
ordering quantities and marketing policies, AIIE Trnsactions, 6, 173-175.
XXXIV. Luo, W. (1998). An integrated inventory system for perishable goods with backordering, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 34, 685 – 693.
XXXV. Misra, R.B.(1975). Optimum Production lot-size model for a system with deteriorating inventory, International Journal of Production Research, 13, 495-505.
XXXVI. Mandal, B. N., & Phaujdar, S. (1989). An inventory model for deteriorating items and stock-dependent consumption rate, Journal of Operational Research Society, 40, 483 – 488.
XXXVII. Mandal, M., & Maiti, M. (1997). Inventory model for damageable items with stock-dependent demand and shortages, Opsearch, 34, 156-166.
XXXVIII. Mondal, B., Bhunia, A.K., & Maiti, M. (2007). A model of two storage inventory system under stock dependent selling rate incorporating marketing decisions and transportation cost with optimum release rule, Tamsui Oxford Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 23(3), 243-267.
XXXIX. Misra, R.B., (1979), ‘A note on optimal inventory management under inflation’, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 26, 161-165.
XL. Padmanabhan, G., & Vrat, P. (1995). EOQ models for perishable items under stock-dependent selling rate, European Journal of Operational Research, 86, 281-292.
XLI. Pal, A.K., Bhunia, A.K., & Mukherjee, R.N. (2005). A marketing oriented inventory model with three component demand rate dependent on displayed stock level (DSL), Journal Operational Research Society, 56, 113-118.
XLII. Pal, A.K., Bhunia, A.K., & Mukherjee, R.N. (2006). Optimal lot size model for deteriorating items with demand rate dependent on displayed stock level(DSL) and partial backordering, European Journal of Operational Research, 175, 977-991.
XLIII. Pal. P, Bhunia, A.K., & Goyal, S.K. (2007). On optimal partially integrated production and marketing policy with variable demand under flexibility and reliability consideration via Genetic Algorithm. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 188, 525-537.
XLIV. Pal, S., Goswami, A., & Chaudhuri, K.S. (1993). A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with stock-dependent demand rate, International Journal of Production Economics, 32, 291-299.
XLV. Sana, S., Goyal, S.K., & Chaudhuri, K.S. (2004). A production-inventory model for a deteriorating item with trended demand and shortages, European Journal of Operation Research, 157, 357-371.
XLVI. Sana, S., Chaudhuri, & K.S. (2004). On a volume flexible production policy for deteriorating item with stock-dependent demand rate, Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex system,7(1),61-68.
XLVII. Sarkar, B.R., Mukherje,e. S., & Balan, C.V. (1997). An order-level lot-size inventory model with inventory-level dependent demand and deterioration, International Journal of Production Economics, 48, 227-236.
XLVIII. Sharma , V. & Chaudhary, R.R. (2013). An inventory model for deteriorating items with weibull deterioration with time dependent demand and shortages, Research Journal of Management Sciences, 2, 28-30.
XLIX. Subramanyam, S., & Kumaraswamy, S. (1981). EOQ formula under varying marketing policies and conditions, AIIE Transactions, 22, 312-314.
L. Taleizadeh, A.A., Pentico, D.W., Jabalameli, M.S., Aryanezhad, M.B.,(2013), ‘An economic order quantity model with multiple partial prepayments and partial backordering,’ Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 57, 311-323.
LI. Taleizadeh, A.A., Pentico, D.W., Jabalameli, M.S., Aryanezhad, M.B.,(2013), ‘An EOQ problem under uartial delayed payment and partial backordering,’ Omega, 41, 354-368.
LII. Taleizadeh, A.A., Pentico, D.W., Aryanezhad, M.B., Ghoreyshi, M.,(2012), ‘An economic order quantity model with partial backordering and a special sale price,’ European Journal of Operational Research, 221, 571-583.
LIII. Taleizadeh, A.A., Wee, H.M., Jolai, F.,(2013), ‘Revisiting fuzzy rough economic order quantity model for deteriorating items considering quantity discount and prepayment,’ Mathematical and Computer Modeling, 57, 1466-1479.
LIV. Taleizadeh, A.A., Niaki, S.T.A., Makui, A.,(2012), ‘Multi-product multi-chance constraint multi-buyer single-vendor supply chain problem with stochastic demand and variable lead time,’ Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 5338–5348.
LV. Taleizadeh, A.A., Niaki, S.T., Shafii, N., Ghavamizadeh, Meibodi, R., Jabbarzadeh, A.,(2010), ‘A particle swarm optimization approach for constraint joint single buyer single vendor inventory problem with changeable lead-time and (r,Q) policy in supply chain, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 51, 1209-1223.
LVI. Tripathy.,C. K.,& Mishra.,U. (2010). An inventory model for weibull deteriorating items with price dependent demand and time-varying holding cost, Applied Mathematical Sciences, 4,2171-2179
LVII. Urban, T.L. (1992). Deterministic inventory models incorporating marketing decisions, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 22, 85-93.
LVIII. Vrat, P., Padmanabhan, G., (1990), ‘An EOQ model for items with stock dependent consumption rate and exponential decay’, Engineering Costs and Production Economics, 19, 379-383.
LIX. Wee, H.M., (1999), ‘Deteriorating inventory model with quantity discount, pricing and partial backordering’, International Journal of Production Economics, 59, 511-518.
LX. Wee, H.M., Law, S.T., (1999), ‘Economic production lot size for deteriorating items taking account of time value of money’, Computers and Operations Research, 26, 545-558.
LXI. Wee, H.M., Law, S.T., (2001), ‘Replenishment and pricing policy for deteriorating items taking into account the time-value of money’, International Journal of Production Economics, 71, 213-220.
LXII. Yang, H.L., (2004), ‘Two-warehouse inventory models for deteriorating items with shortage under inflation’, European Journal of Operational Research, 157, 344-356.
LXIII. Yang, H.L., (2006), ‘Two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory models for deteriorating items under inflation’, International Journal of Production Economics, 103, 362-370.
LXIV. Yang, H.L., Teng, J.T., Chern, M.S., (2001), ‘Deterministic inventory lot-size models under inflation with shortages and deterioration for fluctuating

View Download

Abstract:

      Prolonged use of domestic and industrial applications gives rise to high heat generation in the systems. Smart materials like nanofluids can be useful to overcome this modern-day problem. In this study we are reporting the water-based nanofluids, to challenge this problem. Due to the availability of water in Bengal, the simplest solution for cooling a machine is to flow water surrounding it. The nanofluids we have synthesized are metallic nanoparticles dispersed in water, which is considered as base fluid. The heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were predicted by the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation. It is observed that dispersed nanoparticles help an enchantment in thermal-conductivity of the fluids whereas the heat capacity decreases by a small value. The low-cost sol-gel method was used to synthesize the Cu and Ag nanoparticles and later disperses the same in distilled water in suitable wt%. Nanofluids were subjected to ultrasonic studies around room temperature. The thermal conductivity of the used fluids is the function of the velocity values of ultrasonic wave propagation through the fluid system. The experimental measured thermal-conductivity values show an enhancement of about 30% in comparison to the base fluid water in ambient temperature.

Keywords:

Nanofluids,equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulation,thermal-conductivity,heat capacity,

Refference:

I. Farzaneh, H., Behzadmehr, A., Yaghoubi, M., Samimi, A., Sarvari, S.M.H.: Stability of nanofluids: molecular dynamic approach and experimental study. Energy Convers. Manag. 111, 1–14 (2016).
II. Fatemeh Jabbari, Seyfolah Saedodin, and Ali Rajabpour, Experimental investigation & MD simulations of viscosity of CNT-water nanofluid at different temperatures & volume fractions of nanoparticles, J. Chem. Eng. Data 2019, 64, 1, 262–272 (2018).
III. Lee, S.L., Saidur, R., Sabri, M.F.M., Min, T.K.: Effects of the particle size and temperature on the efficiency of nanofluids using MD simulation. Numer. Heat Transf. A Appl. 69, 996–1013 (2016).
IV. Lenin, R., Joy, P.A.: Studies on the role of unsaturation in the fatty acid surfactant molecule on the thermal conductivity of magnetite nanofluids. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 506, 162–168 (2017).
V. Leong, K.Y., Razali, I., Ku Ahmad, K.Z., Ong, H.C., Ghazali, M.J., Abdul Rahman, M.R.: Thermal-conductivity of an ethylene glycol/water-based nano-fluid with copper-titanium dioxide nanoparticles: an experimental approach. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 90, 23–28 (2018).
VI. Masoud Farzinpour, Davood Toghraie, Babak Mehmandoust, Farshid Aghadavoudi & Arash Karimipour, MD simulation of ferronanofluid behavior in a nanochannel in the presence of constant & time-dependent magnetic fields, Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry volume 141, pages2625–2633 (2020).
VII. S. Özerinç, S. Kakaç, and A. G. YazIcIoğlu, “Enhanced thermal-conductivity of nanofluids: a state-of-the-art review,” Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145–170, 2010.
VIII. Stephen U. S. Choi & J. A. Eastman, Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles ASME international Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 12-17,1995.
IX. Ueki, Y., Aoki, T., Ueda, K., Shibahara, M.: Thermophysical properties of carbon-based material nanofluid. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 113, 1130–1134 (2017).
X. V. Trisaksri and S. Wongwises, “Critical review of heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 512–523, 2007.

View Download

Abstract:

In the present numerical study, we apply an ODE IVP to plasma drug concentrations for a one-compartment model in presence of drug infusion. Solution procedure is done in a Matlab environment. The outcome shows that the infusion rate at time t = 4 h is discontinuous but the corresponding plasma concentration-time profile looks smooth at that time.

Keywords:

Drug Infusion,Pharmacologic Modeling (PK),Plasma Drug concentration,Matlab,Simulation,

Refference:

I. Dingyu Xue, “Solving applied mathematical problems with MATLAB,” Chapman & Hall/CRC.
II. Huixi Zou, Parikshit Banerjee, Sharon Shui Yee Leung and Xiaoyu Yan, Application of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Drug Delivery: Development and Challenges, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, Volume 11, 1-15.
III. Laffleur, F. and Keckeis, V., Advances in Drug Delivery Systems: Work in Progress Still Needed? International Journal of Pharmaceutics : 2020, X, 2.
IV. Mark E. Tomlin (Ed.), Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics A Basic Reader, Springer-Verlag London Limited 2010.
V. Rahman, M.M., Ferdous, K.S. and Ahmed, M., Emerging Promise of Nanoparticle-Based Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2020, 10, 7135-7151.
VI. Shirakura, T., et al. (2017) Matrix Density Engineering of Hydrogel Nanoparticles with simulation-Guided Synthesis for Tuning Drug Release and Cellular Uptake. ACS Omega , 2, 3380-3389.

VII. Sunil S. Jambhek, Philip J. Breen, Basic Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical Press, 2nd ed. 2012.
VIII. Zhang, H., Fan, T.J., Chen, W., Li, Y.C. and Wang, B., Recent Advances of Two-Dimensional Materials in Smart Drug Delivery Nano-Systems. Bioactive Materials, 2020, 5, 1071-1086.

View Download

Abstract:

The basic idea of a quadratic equation is one of the most important topics in algebra. The mathematical concept for the method of solution of a quadratic equation is dependent on the advancement of the theory of numbers. The author developed a new concept regarding the method of solution of the quadratic equation based on “Theory of Dynamics of Numbers”. The author determined the inherent nature of one unknown quantity (say x) from the quadratic expression ax²+bx+c of the quadratic equation ax²+bx+c=0 by keeping the structure of the second-degree expression intact and then finding the solution of the quadratic equation using the novel concept of the Theory of Dynamics of Numbers. The author solved any quadratic equation in one unknown number (say x) of the quadratic equation in the form of ax²+bx+c=0, whether the numerical value of the discriminant is b²-4ac≥0 or b²-4ac<0, is real numbers only without using any imaginary numbers. With these new inventive concepts, the author developed new theories in the theory of quadratic equation.

Keywords:

Bhattacharyya’s Co-ordinate System,Cartesian Co-ordinate System,Quadratic Equation,Theory of Dynamics of Numbers,Theory of Numbers,

Refference:

I. Bhattacharyya P. C. “AN INTRODUCTION TO RECTANGULAR BHATTACHARYYA’S CO-ORDINATES: A NEW CONCEPT”. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, November (2021). pp 76-86.
II. Bhattacharyya P. C.. “AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF DYNAMICS OF NUMBERS: A NEW CONCEPT”. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-11, January (2022). pp 37-53
III. Boyer, C. B. & Merzbach, U. C. (2011). A history of mathematics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
IV. Cajori, F., (1919). A History of Mathematics 2nd ed., New York: The Macmillan Company.
V. Dutta, B.B. ( 1929). The Bhakshali Mathematics, Calcutta, West Bengal: Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society.
VI. Datta, B. B., & Singh, A. N. (1938). History of Hindu Mathematics, A source book. Mumbai, Maharashtra: Asia Publishing House.
VII. Gandz, S. (1937). The origin and development of the quadratic equations in Babylonian, Greek, and Early Arabic algebra. History of Science Society, 3, 405-557.
VIII. Gandz, S. (1940). Studies in Babylonian mathematics III: Isoperimetric problems and the origin of the quadratic equations. Isis, 3(1), 103-115.
IX. Hardy G. H. and Wright E. M. “An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers”. Sixth Edition. P. 52.
X. Katz, V. J. (1997), Algebra and its teaching: An historical survey. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 16(l), 25-36.
XI. Katz, V., J. (1998). A history of mathematics (2nd edition). Harlow, England: Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
XII. Katz Victor, (2007). The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India and Islam: A source book 1st ed., New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
XIII. Kennedy, P. A., Warshauer, M. L. & Curtin, E. (1991). Factoring by grouping: Making the connection. Mathematics and Computer Education, 25(2), 118-123.
XIV. Ling, W. & Needham, J., (1955). Horner’s method in Chinese Mathematics: Its root in the root extraction procedures of the Han Dynasty, England: T’oung Pao.
XV. Nataraj, M. S., & Thomas, M. O. J. (2006). Expansion of binomials and factorisation of quadratic expressions: Exploring a vedic method. Australian Senior Mathematics Journal, 20(2), 8-17.
XVI. Rosen, Frederic (Ed. and Trans). (1831). The algebra of Mohumed Ben Muss. London: Oriental Translation Fund; reprinted Hildesheim: Olms, 1986, and Fuat Sezgin, Ed., Islamic Mathematics and Astronomy, Vol. 1. Frankfurt am Main: Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science 1997.
XVII. Smith, D. (1951). History of mathematics, Vol. 1. New York: Dover. Smith, D. (1953). History of mathematics, Vol. 2. New York: Dover. Stols, H. G. (2004).
XVIII. Smith, D. (1953). History of mathematics, Vol. 2. New York: Dover.
XIX. Thapar, R., (2000). Cultural pasts: Essays in early Indian History, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
XX. Yong, L. L. (1970). The geometrical basis of the ancient Chinese square-root method. The History of Science Society, 61(1), 92-102.
XXI. http://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/Shridhara

View Download