Archive

Abstract:

The inverse truly nonlinear oscillator is the most applied in the field of computer science, information technology, physics, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. The solution of the inverse truly nonlinear oscillator has been obtained by modified Mickens’ extended iteration procedure. To determine the solution of the oscillator a special type of Fourier series has been used. The iterated solutions are convergent as the second, third, and fourth approximate frequencies of the oscillator show a good concurrence with the exact result. Some researchers presented the solutions of the same oscillator by applying different methods. We have compared the obtained results with some previously published results. Some of their techniques diverge at higher-order stages but the present technique is convergent there. The method is mainly illustrated in the strongly nonlinear inverse oscillator, but it can be widely applicable in other problems arising from nonlinear sciences and engineering.

Keywords:

Extended iteration procedure,Inverse truly nonlinear oscillator,Nonlinearity,Nonlinear oscillations,Fourier series,

Refference:

I. Beléndez A, Hernamdez A, Beléndez T, Fernandez E, Alvarez M L and Neipp C, 2007, “Application of He’s homotopy perturbation method to Duffing-harmonic Oscillator”, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. and Numer. Simul., Vol. 8(1), pp.79-88.
II. Beléndez A, Pascual C, Marquez A and Mendez D I, 2007, “Application of He’s Homotopy perturbation method to the relativistic (an) harmonic oscillator”, I: Comparison between approximate and exact frequencies, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. and Numer. Simul., Vol.8(4), pp.483-491.
III. Bélendez A, Mendez D I, Fernandez E, Marini S and Pascual I, 2009, “An explicit approximate solution to the Duffing-harmonic oscillator by a cubication method”, Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 373, pp.2805-2809.
IV. Bélendez A, Gimeno E, Alvarez M L and Mendez D I, 2009, “Nonlinear oscillator with discontinuity by generalized harmonic balanced method”, J. Computers and Math. with App., Vol. 58, pp.2117-2123.
V. Beléndez, A., Pascual, C., Ortuno, M., Beléndez, T. and Gallego, S., 2009 “Application of a modified He’s homotopy perturbation method to obtain higherorder approximations to a nonlinear oscillator with discontinuities” Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl, Vol.10(2), pp. 601-610.
VI. Elias-Zuniga A, Oscar Martinez-Romero, and Rene K, Cordoba-Diaz, 2012, “Approximate solution for the Duffing-harmonic oscillator by the Enhanced Cubication Method”, Mathematical problems in Engineering.
VII. Gottlieb, H.P.W., “Harmonic balance approach to periodic solutions of nonlinear jerk equation” J. Sound Vib., Vol. 271, pp.671-683, 2004.
VIII. Gottlieb H P W, 2006, “Harmonic balance approach to limit cycle for nonlinear jerk equation”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 297, pp.243-250.
IX. Haque B M I, Alam M S and Majedur Rahmam M, 2013, “Modified solutions of some oscillators by iteration procedure”, J. Egyptian Math. Soci., Vol.21, pp.68-73.
X. Haque B M I, 2013, “A new approach of Mickens’ iteration method for solving some nonlinear jerk equations”, Global Journal of Sciences Frontier Research Mathematics And Decision Science, Vol.13 (11), pp. 87-98.
XI. Haque B M I, Alam M S, Majedur Rahman M and Yeasmin I A, 2014, “Iterative technique of periodic solutions to a class of non-linear conservative systems”, Int. J. Conceptions on Computation and Information technology, Vol.2(1), pp.92-97.
XII. Haque B M I, 2014, “A new approach of Mickens’ extended iteration method for solving some nonlinear jerk equations”, British journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, Vol.4(22), pp.3146-3162.
XIII. Haque, B.M.I., Bayezid Bostami M., Ayub Hossain M.M., Hossain M.R. and Rahman M.M., 2015 “Mickens Iteration Like Method for Approximate Solution of the Inverse Cubic Nonlinear Oscillator” British journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, Vol. 13, pp.1-9.
XIV. Haque, B.M.I., Ayub Hossain M.M., Bayezid Bostami M. and Hossain M.R., 2016 “Analytical Approximate Solutions to the Nonlinear Singular Oscillator: An Iteration Procedure” British journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, Vol. 14, pp.1-7.
XV. Haque, B.M.I., Asifuzzaman M. and Kamrul Hasam M., 2017 “Improvement of analytical solution to the inverse truly nonlinear oscillator by extended iterative method” Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 655, pp. 412-421.
XVI. Haque, B.M.I., Selim Reza A.K.M. and Mominur Rahman M., 2019 “On the Analytical Approximation of the Nonlinear Cubic Oscillator by an Iteration Method” Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 33, pp. 1-9.
XVII. Haque, B.M.I. and Ayub Hossain M.M., 2019 “A Modified Solution of the Nonlinear Singular Oscillator by Extended Iteration Procedure” Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 34, pp.1-9.
XVIII. Haque B M I, Zaidur Rahman M and Iqbal Hossain M, 2020 “Periodic solution of the nonlinear jerk oscillator containing velocity times acceleration-squared: an iteration approach”, J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-6, June (2020) pp 493-433
XIX. He J H, 2001, “Modified Lindstedt-Poincare methods for some non-linear oscillations. Part III: Double series expansion”, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci., Numer. Simul., Vol. 2, pp317-320.
XX. Hu H, 2006, “Solutions of a quadratic nonlinear oscillator: iteration procedure”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 298, pp.1159-1165.
XXI. Hu, H., 2008 “Perturbation method for periodic solutions of nonlinear jerk equations” Phys. Lett. A, Vol. 372, pp.4205-4209.
XXII. Hu, H., Zheng, M.Y. and Guo, Y.J., 2010 “Iteration calculations of periodic solutions to nonlinear jerk equations” Acta Mech., Vol. 209, pp.269-274.
XXIII. Kevorkian J and Cole J D, 1981, “Multiple Scale and Singular Perturbation Methods, Springer-Verlag”, New York.
XXIV. Krylov N N and Bogoliubov N N, 1947, “Introduction to Nonlinear Mechanics”, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
XXV. Leung A Y T and Zhongjin G, 2011, “Residue harmonic balance approach to limit cycles of non-linear jerk equations”, Int. J. Nonlinear Mech., Vol. 46(6), pp.898906.
XXVI. Lim C W and Lai S K, 2006, “Accurate higher-order analytical approximate solutions to non-conservative nonlinear oscillators and application to van der pol damped oscillators”, Int. J. Mech. Sci.,Vol. 48, pp.483-492.
XXVII. Ma, X., Wei, L. and Guo, Z., 2008 “He’s homotopy perturbation method to periodic solutions of nonlinear jerk equations” J. Sound Vib., Vol. 314, pp.217-227.
XXVIII. Max Wei L and Guo Z, 2008, “He’s homotopy perturbation method to periodic solutions of nonlinear Jerk equations”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 314, pp.217-227.
XXIX. Mickens R E, 1961, “Nonlinear Oscillations, Cambridge University Press”, New York.
XXX. Mickens R E, 1984, “Comments on the method of harmonic balance”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 94, pp.456- 460.
XXXI. Mickens R E, 1987, “Iteration Procedure for determining approximate solutions to nonlinear oscillator equation”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 116, pp.185-188.
XXXII. Mickens R E, 2001, “Mathematical and numerical study of Duffing-harmonic oscillator”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 244(3), pp.563-567.
XXX. Mickens R E, 2005, “A general procedure for calculating approximation to periodic solutions of truly nonlinear oscillators”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 287, pp.1045-1051.
XXXIV. Mickens R E, 2007, “Harmonic balance and iteration calculations of periodic solutions to ”, J. Sound Vib., Vol. 306, pp.968-972.
XXXV. Mickens R E, 2010, “Truly Nonlinear Oscillations, World Scientific, Singapore”.
XXXVI. Nayfeh A H, 1973, “Perturbation Method”, John Wiley & sons, New York.
XXXVII. Nayfeh A H Mook D T, 1979, “Nonlinear Oscillations”, John Wiley & sons, New York.

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Abstract:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or flying drones are employing to retrieve data from their respective sources and help to accomplish Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs). These wireless networks deal with challenges and difficulties such as power consumption, packet losses, and weak links between the nodes. This is due to the high mobility of nodes, frequent network partitioning, and uncertain flying movement of the flying drones. Consequently, reduce the reliability of data delivery. Moreover, unbalanced energy consumption results in an earlier failure of flying drone and accelerate the decrease of network life. The performance of FANETs depends on the capabilities of energy consumption of each flying drone. They are expected to live for a longer period to manage the cost overhead. Energy-efficient routing is an important factor that helps in improving the lifetime of FANETs. In this research, we propose an Energy-Efficient Grey Wolf (EEGW) routing protocol for FANETs. This protocol is comprised of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) inspired by the leadership hierarchy of grey wolves. It helps in minimizing the energy consumption, packet loss ratio, and aerial transmission loss incurred during transmission.

Keywords:

Energy efficient,Flying drones,Routing protocol,Grey wolf algorithm,

Refference:

I. A. Ravi, Leela Satyanarayana. V. : ‘GREY WOLF OPTIMIZATION WITH WAVELET SCHEME FOR SAR IMAGES DENOISING’. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-14, No.-5, September-October (2019) pp 558-570. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2019.10.00040
II. Ahmed Sheeraz. “Nature Inspired Optimization Techniques, A review for FANETs.” Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies 3, no. 2 (2020): 40-58.
III. Anand, M., and T. Sasikala. “Efficient energy optimization in mobile ad hoc network (MANET) using better-quality AODV protocol.” Cluster Computing 22, no. 5 (2019): 12681-12687.
IV. Arafat, Muhammad Yeasir, and Sangman Moh. “Location-aided delay tolerant routing protocol in UAV networks for post-disaster operation.” IEEE Access 6 (2018): 59891-59906.
V. Kharb, Seema, and Anita Singhrova. “A survey on network formation and scheduling algorithms for time slotted channel hopping in industrial networks.” Journal of Network and Computer Applications 126 (2019): 59-87.
VI. Krishna, Kowligi R. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems in Crop Production: A Compendium. CRC Press, 2019.
VII. Lebedev, I., Ianin, A., Usina, E., & Shulyak, V. (2021). Construction of Land Base Station for UAV Maintenance Automation. In Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics” Zavalishin’s Readings” (pp. 499-511). Springer, Singapore.
VIII. Mahmud, Imtiaz, and You-Ze Cho. “Adaptive hello interval in FANET routing protocols for green UAVs.” IEEE Access 7 (2019): 63004-63015.
IX. Mariyappan, K., Mary Subaja Christo, and Rashmita Khilar. “Implementation of FANET energy efficient AODV routing protocols for flying ad hoc networks [FEEAODV].” Materials Today: Proceedings (2021).
X. Mekikis, Prodromos-Vasileios, and Angelos Antonopoulos. “Breaking the boundaries of aerial networks with charging stations.” In ICC 2019-2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2019.
XI. Mirjalili, Seyedali, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, and Andrew Lewis. “Grey wolf optimizer.” Advances in engineering software 69 (2014): 46-61.
XII. Nayyar, Anand. “Flying adhoc network (FANETs): simulation based performance comparison of routing protocols: AODV, DSDV, DSR, OLSR, AOMDV and HWMP.” In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD), pp. 1-9. IEEE, 2018.
XIII. Odonkor, Philip, Zachary Ball, and Souma Chowdhury. “Distributed operation of collaborating unmanned aerial vehicles for time-sensitive oil spill mapping.” Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 46 (2019): 52-68.
XIV. Pham, Quoc-Viet, Ming Zeng, Rukhsana Ruby, Thien Huynh-The, and Won-Joo Hwang. “UAV communications for sustainable federated learning.” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 4 (2021): 3944-3948.
XV. Srivastava, Ashish, and Jay Prakash. “Future FANET with application and enabling techniques: Anatomization and sustainability issues.” Computer Science Review 39 (2021): 100359.
XVI. Sufian, Abu, Farhana Sultana, and Paramartha Dutta. “Data load Balancing in Mobile ad hoc network using Fuzzy logic (DBMF).” arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.11627 (2019).
XVII. Waqas Khan, Vishwesh Laxmikant Akre, Khalid Saeed, Asif Nawaz, Tariq Bashir, Adil Khan, Naveed Jan, Sheeraz Ahmed, Zia Ullah Khan. : ‘IMPACT OF BLACK HOLE ATTACK ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DYNAMIC SOURCE ROUTING AND OPTIMIZED LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANETS’. J. Mech. Cont. & Math. Sci., Vol.-16, No.-3, March (2021) pp 13-30. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2021.03.00002
XVIII. Zeng, Yong, and Rui Zhang. “Energy-efficient UAV communication with trajectory optimization.” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16, no. 6, pp. 3747-3760, 2017.
XIX. Zhang, Shuhang, Hongliang Zhang, Boya Di, and Lingyang Song. “Cellular UAV-to-X communications: Design and optimization for multi-UAV networks.” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 18, no. 2 (2019): 1346-1359.

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Abstract:

In systems that involve super-critical liquid fuel combustion, the temperature of the propellants is in the sub-critical state when they are injected into the combustion chamber. However, during the process of combustion, the system experiences a shift in its state of thermodynamics from subcritical to supercritical. The present study predicts the ignition behavior for super-critical liquid fuel combustion through the techniques of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulations are carried out for a single shear coaxial injector's test case of the combustion chamber. For super-critical combustion, the present research uses kerosene as a fuel and gaseous oxygen as the oxidizer. Simulations are carried out at a steady state for various values of rich flammability limit (RFL). The real gas model, Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) is used for performing simulations in the present study. On the other hand, for the various values of rich flammability limit (RFL), transient simulations are carried out for ideal gas. It has been observed that the simulations performed for steady-state closely approximate the experimental data in comparison to transient simulations. It is also observed that the inherent stability issues involved in transient simulations emphasize the use of an ideal gas model for its computation.   

Keywords:

CFD,Ignition transients,Kerosene oxygen combustion,Real gas,Shear coaxial injector,SRK model,

Refference:

I. A. Tarafder and S. Sarangi, “CRESP-LP – A Dynamic Simulator for Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines,” in 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, number AIAA 2000-3768, 2000.

II. A. Tishin and L. Gurova, “Liquid Rocket Engine Modeling,” Proceedings of the Aircraft Engineering College, vol. Vol. 32(3), pp. 99-101, 1989.

III. D. Kim and K. Lee, “Ignition Transient of Supercritical Oxygen/Kerosene Combustion System,” 25th ICDERS, August 2 – 7, 2015 Leeds, UK.

IV. D. Kim, M. Son and J. Koo, “Ignition Transition of Coaxial Kerosene/Gaseous Oxygen Jet,” Combustion Science and Technology, 2016.

V. E. N. Belyaev, V. K. Chvanov and V. V. Chervak, “Mathematical Modelling of the Workflow of Liquid Rocket Engines,” MAI, 1999.

VI. F. D. Matteoxz, M. D. Rosa and M. Onofrix, “Start-Up Transient Simulation of a Liquid Rocket Engine,” in 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit 31 July – 03 August 2011, San Diego, California.

VII. G. E. Bogin, Jr. and A. M. Dean, “Modeling the Fuel Spray and Combustion Process of the Ignition Quality Tester with KIVA-3V,” in NREL/CP-540-46738 conference paper 2010, 2009.

VIII. G. Odonneau, G. Albano and J. M. Carins, “A New Versatile and Flexible Tool for Engine Transient Prediction,” in 4th International Conference on Launcher Technology, Space Launcher Liquid Propulsion, 2002.

IX. G. P. Sutton and O. Biblarz, Rocket Propulsion Element, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 7th Edition, 2001.

X. H. Karimi and R. Mohammadi, “Modeling and simulation of a two combustion chambers liquid propellant engine,” in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 2007, p. 390 – 397 (Vol.79).

XI. J. Keppeler, E. Boronine and F. Fassl, “Startup Simulation of Upper Stage Propulsion System of ARIANE 5,” in 4th International Conference on Launcher Technology, Space Launcher Liquid Propulsion, 2002.

XII. L. Kun and Z. Yulin, “A Study on Versatile Simulation of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Systems Transients,” in In AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 36th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, number AIAA 2000-3771, July 2000.

XIII. M. De Rosa, J. Steelant and J. Moral, “ESPSS: European Space Propulsion System Simulation,” in Space Propulsion Conference, 2008.

XIV. Mohanad Aldhaidhawi, Muneer Naji, Abdel Nasser Ahmed. : ‘ EFFECT OF IGNITION TIMINGS ON THE SI ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS FUELED WITH GASOLINE, ETHANOL AND LPG‘. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-6, June (2020) pp 390-401. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2020.06.00030

XV. R. Rhote-Vaney, V. Thomas and A. Lekeux, “Transient Modeling of Cryogenic Rocket Engines a Modular Approach,” in 4th International Conference on Launcher Technology, Space Launcher Liquid Propulsion, 2002.

XVI. S. A. Inam, M. Hussain and M. M. Baig, “Numerical Simulation of Liquid Fuel Injection in Combustion Chamber,” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering , 2019.

XVII. Smith JJ, “High Pressure LOx/H2 Combustion & Flame Dynamics Preliminary Results,” in 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Jt. Propuls. Conf. Exhib.: AIAA, 2004.

XVIII. V. Kalnin and V. Sherstiannikov, Hydrodynamic Modelling of the Starting Process in Liquid-Propellant Engines (vol.8) Page number 231-242, Acta Astronautica, 1981, pp. 231-242.

XIX. Y. Cengel and M. Boles, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill College (ISBN 0-07-288495-9)., 2005.

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Abstract:

For a citizen, voting is the fundamental tool to bring change in the country for good governance, through electing suitable candidates or a party to give them the power to govern. There are many forms of elections be it in the democratic or monarch systems. Each way, the vote has the power to elect the next people’s representatives. For a long time, paper-based voting was the only system being used globally for years; after the dot-com bubble, many countries emerged with electronic voting. But the problems such as security, transparency, and integrity of elections and the voting process are still under question. The issue with paper-based voting was accessibility, voter turns around and tallies, electronic voting has its own advantages and disadvantages such as a single point of failure, trustful systems, and loopholes to forge the electronic voting systems to alter the outcomes. To solve the problems related to the electronic voting process security, integrity, and transparency, an advanced approach is required to adopt. With the advancement of technologies, 4^th industry revolution technologies give us Blockchain, Distributed Ledger and Smart Contract types of technologies which may be beneficial to solve the current problems in electronic voting systems. In this paper, we proposed a research-based case study to implement Decentralized Electronic Voting using Smart Contracts (DEV-SC) to solve security, transparency, and integrity-related problems available in the electronic voting process. This will ensure and enhance the voting process easily, trustable, and verifiable.

Keywords:

e-voting,b-voting,electronic voting,smart contracts,blockchain voting.,

Refference:

I. Abuidris, Y., Hassan, A., Hadabi, A., & Elfadul, I. (2019, December). Risks and Opportunities of Blockchain Based on E-Voting Systems. In 2019 16th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (pp. 365-368). IEEE.
II. Abuidris, Y., Kumar, R., & Wenyong, W. (2019, December). A survey of blockchain based on e-voting systems. In Proceedings of the 2019 2nd International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Applications (pp. 99-104).
III. Achieng, M., & Ruhode, E. (2013). The adoption and challenges of electronic voting technologies within the South African context. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.2406.
IV. Al-madani, A. M., Gaikwad, A. T., Mahale, V., & Ahmed, Z. A. (2020, October). Decentralized E-voting system based on Smart Contract by using Blockchain Technology. In 2020 International Conference on Smart Innovations in Design, Environment, Management, Planning and Computing (ICSIDEMPC) (pp. 176-180). IEEE.
V. Ambrus, A., Greiner, B., & Zednik, A. (2019). The effects of a ‘None of the above’ballot paper option on voting behavior and election outcomes. Economic Research Initiatives at Duke (ERID) Working Paper, (277).
VI. Arnob, M. U. M. S., Sarker, N., Haque, M. I. U., & Sarwar, M. G. (2020). Blockchain-based secured e-voting system to remove the opacity and ensure the clarity of election of developing countries. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 7.
VII. Bulut, R., Kantarcı, A., Keskin, S., & Bahtiyar, Ş. (2019, September). Blockchain-based electronic voting system for elections in turkey. In 2019 4th International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK) (pp. 183-188). IEEE.
VIII. Daramola, O., & Thebus, D. (2020, June). Architecture-Centric Evaluation of Blockchain-Based Smart Contract E-Voting for National Elections. In Informatics (Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 16). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
IX. Hjálmarsson, F. Þ., Hreiðarsson, G. K., Hamdaqa, M., & Hjálmtýsson, G. (2018, July). Blockchain-based e-voting system. In 2018 IEEE 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD) (pp. 983-986). IEEE.
X. Islam, A., Kader, M., & Shin, S. Y. (2018). BSSSQS: A Blockchain Based Smart and Secured Scheme for Question Sharing in the Smart Education System. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.03917.
XI. Liacha, A., Oudjida, A. K., Ferguene, F., Bakiri, M., & Berrandjia, M. L. (2017). Design of high-speed, low-power, and area-efficient FIR filters. IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, 12(1), 1-11.
XII. Lyu, J., Jiang, Z. L., Wang, X., Nong, Z., Au, M. H., & Fang, J. (2019, August). A secure decentralized trustless E-Voting system based on smart contract. In 2019 18th IEEE International Conference On Trust, Security And Privacy In Computing And Communications/13th IEEE International Conference On Big Data Science And Engineering (TrustCom/BigDataSE) (pp. 570-577). IEEE.
XIII. Park, J., Kim, H., Kim, G., & Ryou, J. (2021). Smart Contract Data Feed Framework for Privacy-Preserving Oracle System on Blockchain. Computers, 10(1), 7.
XIV. Patil, H. V., Rathi, K. G., & Tribhuwan, M. V. (2018). A study on decentralized e-voting system using blockchain technology. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol, 5(11), 48-53.
XV. Ravikumar, S. (2021). E-Voting System using Blockchain with Network Security. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(9), 19-22.
XVI. Ruangwises, S., & Itoh, T. (2021). Physical zero-knowledge proof for numberlink puzzle and k vertex-disjoint paths problem. New Generation Computing, 39(1), 3-17.
XVII. Sadia, K., Masuduzzaman, M., Paul, R. K., & Islam, A. (2020). Blockchain-based secure e-voting with the assistance of smart contract. In IC-BCT 2019 (pp. 161-176). Springer, Singapore.
XVIII. Sheraz Ahmed, Muhammad Arif Shah, Ghufran Ullah, Karzan Wakil. : ‘A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW PROTOCOL FOR BLOCKCHAIN REVOLUTIONIZING ARENAS OF SMART CITY’. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-5, May (2020) pp 127-136. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2020.05.00011
XIX. Taş, R., & Tanrıöver, Ö. Ö. (2020). A systematic review of challenges and opportunities of blockchain for E-voting. Symmetry, 12(8), 1328.
XX. Vivek, S. K., Yashank, R. S., Prashanth, Y., Yashas, N., & Namratha, M. (2020, July). E-voting systems using blockchain: An exploratory literature survey. In 2020 Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA) (pp. 890-895). IEEE.
XXI. Yogesh Sharma, B. Balamurugan. : ‘A SURVEY ON PRIVACY PRESERVING METHODS OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD USING BLOCKCHAIN’. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-2, February (2020) pp 32-47. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2020.02.00004
XXII. Zhang, S., Wang, L., & Xiong, H. (2020). Chaintegrity: blockchain-enabled large-scale e-voting system with robustness and universal verifiability. International Journal of Information Security, 19(3), 323-341.

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Abstract:

Underwater wireless sensor networks are currently conducting substantial research in a different environment for benefit of humans. UWSNs are known to be one of the fastest-growing technical fields, due to the many advantages of their application. UWSNs consist of underwater sensors with minimal resources and use the acoustic connection as a communications medium. Current technical advancements have given rise to opportunities for underwater exploration by using sensors at all levels. However, this article provide an overview of the major requirements of UWSNs to accomplish the crucial services. This article also provides an overview of underwater wireless communications.

Keywords:

UWSNs,acoustic communication,WSN,Requirements,

Refference:

I. Atif Ishtiaq, Sheeraz Ahmed, Asif Nawaz, Mohammad Shahzad, Rehan Ali Khan, Muneeb Sadat, Farrukh Hassan, Zeeshan Najam. A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON CHANNEL BONDING TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AND FUTURISTIC COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS. J. Mech. Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-15, No.-9, September (2020) pp 80-95. DOI : 10.26782/jmcms.2020.09.00007.
II. A. Majid, I. Azam, T. Khan, Sangeen, Z. A. Khan, U. Qasim, & N. Javaid, “A Reliable and Interference-Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks,” in 10th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2016.
III. A. Majid, I. Azam, A. Waheed, M. Zain-Ul-Abidin, T. Hafeez, Z. Ali Khan, U. Qasim, & N. Javid, “An Energy Efficient and Balanced Energy Consumption Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks,” in IEEE 30th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA), 2016.
IV. A. Dubey, A. Rajawat, “Impulse effect of node mobility on delay sensitive routing algorithm in underwater sensor network,” in International Conference on Internet of Things and Applications (IOTA), 2016.
V. A. Sánchez, S. Blanc, P. Yuste, A. Perles, & J. José Serrano, “An Ultra-Low Power and Flexible Acoustic Modem Design to Develop Energy- Efficient Underwater Sensor Networks,” Sensors 2012, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 6837–6856, May 2012.
VI. A. Codarin, L.E. Wysocki, F. Ladich, & Marta Picciulin, “Effects of ambient and boat noise on hearing and communication in three fish species living in a marine protected area (Miramare, Italy),” Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 1880–1887, Dec. 2009.
VII. G. ZAIBI, N. NASRI, A.KACHOURI & M.SAMET, “Survey of Temperature Variation Effect on Underwater Acoustic Wireless Transmission,” in 5th International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications, March 22-26, 2009.
VIII. G. Xiang-ping, Y. yan, H. Rong-lin, “Analyzing the Performance of Channel in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN),” Elsevier, vol. 15, pp. 95–99, 2011.
IX. J. Lloret, “Underwater Sensor Nodes and Networks,” Sensors 2013, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 11782–11796, Sep. 2013.
X. J. Liu, H. Yin, F. Xing, X. Ji, & Bin Wu, “An Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Optical Sensor Network,” in 10th International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), 2018.
XI. J. M. Jornet, M. Stojanovic, & M. Zorzi, “Focused beam routing protocol for underwater acoustic networks,” in Proceedings of the third ACM international workshop on Underwater Networks, 2008, pp. 75–82.
XII. J. Qadar, A. Khan, H. Mahmood, “DNAR: Depth and Noise Aware Routing for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks”. In Proceedings of the Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, Matsue, Japan, 4–6 July 2018; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2018; pp. 240–251.
XIII. K. Pervaiz, A. Wahid, M. Sajid, M. Khizar, Z. Ali Khan, U. Qasim, & N. Javaid, “DEAC: Depth and Energy Aware Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks,” in 10th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2016.
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Abstract:

In this work, a triple concentric-tube heat exchanger (TCTH) with or without the application of longitudinal fins is numerically studied concerning its thermohydraulic performance. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, Ansys FLUENT was used to perform the simulations to study the heat transfer enhancement using three different types of hot fluids, i.e. Crude oil, engine oil, and light diesel oil. The validated numerical model was first employed to investigate the heat transfer performance of unfinned TCTHE. Then, longitudinal fins were modeled and investigated for comparative analyses of the thermohydraulic performances of both constructions. To predict the heat exchanger performance, key parameters such as heat flux and temperature field distribution were evaluated. Results revealed that modifying the heat exchanger with longitudinal fins on the tube surface dramatically improves its heat transfer rate. Therefore, this research is designed to keep in view further exploring the potential of longitudinal fins in obtaining an improved performance from these types of heat exchanger devices. The results showed that the crude oil fluid has high heat transfer rate than the other two fluids light diesel oil and engine oil. With the application of fins on the tubes’ surfaces, a significant heat transfer exchange among the fluids streams is observed.

Keywords:

TCTHE,Longitudinal fin,Heat transfer rate,Temperature field distribution,

Refference:

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