Journal Vol – 15 No -3, March 2020

Abstract:

It is obvious that the success of a project-based organization is dependent on its projects. A variety of tools such as the project excellence model, project management maturity models, the earned value method, have been developed in this regard, but there are still delays in projects because the projects have dynamic nature with non-linear relationships and feedback processes during the project life cycle. In this paper, we study the factors affecting the project management system in a project-based organization through system dynamics methodology and investigate the causal relations between them as well as the average cost and time variation of organizational projects during the time period. According to the analyses, the increase in each of the project quality or human resource efficiency is insufficient by raising the level of project management maturity or leadership maturity, but their concurrent increase and created synergy have a significant impact on the cost and time variation control. Furthermore, this research is contrary to the public perceptions under which the progress of projects depends on their funding. It is probably due to the maturity level of project management and the maturity of its leadership who takes measures for better management of costs and delays

Keywords:

Project-Based Organization,Project Management,Systems Dynamics,Project Management Maturity Model,

Refference:

I. Abbasi, E. M. (2016). A system dynamics model for mobile banking adoption. 12th International Conference on Industrial Engineering (ICIE). IEEE.
II. Akbarpour, S. B. (2016). Organizational Demographic Management: A System Dynamics Model . 34th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. Delft, Netherlands,System Dynamics Society.
III. Bastan, M. e. (2016). 34th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. Delft, Netherlands. System Dynamics Society.
IV. Bastan, M. M. (2016). Dynamics of banking soundness based on CAMELS rating system. 34th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society. Delft, Netherlands. System Dynamics Society.
V. Bishwas, S. (2011). Critical Issues for Organizational Growth and Success. A Systems Thinking View using Feedback Loop Analysis, 63-79.
VI. Flood, I. R. (2003). Barriers to the development, adoption, and implementation of information technologies: case studies from construction. Information Technology. 115: p. 30-3.
VII. Ford, D. J. (2007). Project controls to minimize cost and schedule overruns: A model, research agenda, and initial results. International System Dynamics Conference.
VIII. Howick, S. (2003). Using system dynamics to analyse disruption and delay in complex projects for litigation: can the modelling purposes be met? Journal of the Operational Research Society, 54(3): 222-229.
IX. Invotan, T. (1996). System dynamics in project management: a comparative analysis with traditional methods. System Dynamics Review,, p. 121-139.
X. Lyneis, J. a. ( 2007. ). System dynamics applied to project management: a survey, assessment, and directions for future research. System Dynamics Review, 23(2‐3): 157-189.
XI. Park, M. a.-M. (2003). Dynamic change management for construction: introducing the change cycle into model-based project management. System Dynamics Review 19-3, p. 213.
XII. Yaghootkar, K. a. (2012). The effects of schedule-driven project management in multi-project environments. . International Journal of Project Management, 30(1): p. 127-140.

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Abstract:

The social network analysis graph theory concept consists of Vertices, (who may be persons or organization) and Edges (relationship of vertices) one to one or one to many relationships between them.  In this paper, we computed the betweenness centrality of the relationship between nodes in the spatial network. The betweenness centrality is an accumulation of solving the shortest path of the nodes, practical implications have validated the range of networks. The prediction of the symbiosis links of the nodes is to be, to consider the strength of the connectivity between a pair of nodes. A weight-based centrality of links is proposed to determine the strong ties in the pair of nodes. The connectivity of link values is used to predict the binding of ties in the network. It allows a value target based purely on the number of links held by each vertex. A Face book data set have been used for the analyzing, the experimental results are drawn. It gives the proposed weight-based algorithm that can yield 98.9% accuracy in finding the strength of the ties in the given network.

Keywords:

Accuracy of links,Edge weight,Centrality of the network,Proximity of nodes.,

Refference:

I. A. Zhiyuli, X. Liang, Y. Chen and X. Du, “Modeling Large-Scale Dynamic Social Networks via Node Embedding’s”, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, Vol.: 31, No.: 10, PP. 1994-2007, 1. Oct. 2019.
II. C., Zhang, C., Han, X., Ji, Y., AWM: L: adaptive weighted margin learning for knowledge graph embedding, Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, Vol.:53, 2019.
III. Fan, T., Xiong, S., Zhao, W., Yu, T., Information spread link prediction through multi-layer of social network based on trusted central nodes, Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, Vol.: 12, 2019.
IV. Guangfu Chen Xu; Jingyi Wang, Jianwen Feng, and Feng, J.” Graph regularization weighed non-negative matrix factorization for link prediction in weighted complex network”, Neurocomputing, Vol.:369, 2018.
V. J. Lin., “Multi-Path Relationship Preserved Social Network Embedding”, IEEE Access, Vol. 7, PP. 26507-26518, 2019.
VI. Kuo Chi Guisshng Yin, Yuxin Dong, Hongbin Dong, “Link Prediction in Dynamic Networks based on the attraction force between nodes”, Knowledge-based System, 2018.
VII. M. Lu, X. Wei, D. Ye, and Y. Dai, “A Unified Link Prediction Framework for Predicting Arbitrary Relations in Heterogeneous Academic Networks”. IEEE Access, Vol.: 7, pp. 124967-124987, 2019.
VIII. Rohini. A, SudalaiMuthu T, “A Weight based Approach for Improving the Accuracy of Relationship in Social Network”, Jour of Adv. Res. In Dynamic & Control Systems, Issue:8,Vol.: 11, 2019.
IX. Rohini. A, SudalaiMuthu T, “A Weight based Scheme for Improving the Accuracy of Relationship in Social Network”, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. Issue:11, Vol. 8, 2019.
X. SudalaiMuthu T, Rohini A, “A Correlative Scrutiny for Improving the Career Guidance Links in Social Network”, “International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology”, ISSN:2249-8958, Vol.:9, Issue:1, 2019.
XI. X. Li, G. Xu, W. Lian, H. Xian, L. Jiao and Y. Huang, “Multi-Layer Network Local Community Detection Based on Influence Relation”, IEEE Access, Vol.: 7, PP. 89051-89062, 2019.
XII. Zhiyuli, A., Liang, X., Chen, Y., “Highly scalable node embedding for link prediction in very large-scale social networks, World Wide Web, Vol.: 22, 2019.

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Abstract:

The intention of this paper is to optimize the process parameters for diminishing metal removal rate throughout turning. The competition of modern world industry is mainly concerned with surface finish, increase the tool life, better quality, and better accuracy. Tungsten carbide insert and Tool holder PSPNR 2525 were used as a cutting tool for turning AISI 4140 Alloy steel to optimizing the process parameters (PP). The turning experiments will organize using center lathe. Design of Experiments (DoE) was done based on Box Behnken Design (BBD). Metal Removal Rate  (MRR) calculated by the formula, then analysed with help of Design Expert Software (DES). The regression equation and ANOVA are employed to firmly decide the PP affecting the cutting force and MRR. The Cutting Speed (CS), feed, Depth of Cut (DoC) are the selected parameters.

Keywords:

Turning operation,MRR,BBD,ANOVA,Regression equation,

Refference:

I. D.Rajeev, D.Dinakaran, S.Christopher Ezhil Singh, “Tool Wear Prediction on Dry Hard Turning Processes of Carbide Coated AISI4140 Steel Using Artificial Neural Network”, Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science: Technical Science, Vol. 65(4), pp. 553-559, 2017

II. IkhlasMeddour, “Prediction of SR and cutting forces using RSM, ANN, and NSGA-II in finish turning of AISI 4140 hardened steel with mixed ceramic tool”, The I. J. of Adv. Manu. Tech., Vol.97(5–8), pp.1931–1949, 2018

III. K.ManikandaPrasath, T.Pradheep, S.Suresh, “Application of Taguchi and RSM in Steel Turning Process to Improve SR and MRR”, Materials Today: Proceeding, Vol.5, issue 3, pp.24622-24631, 2018

IV. Ravi Aryan, Francis John, Santosh Kumar, Amit Kumar,“Optimization Of Turning Parameters Of Al Alloy 6082 Using Taguchi Method”, I. J. of Adv. Res. and Inn., Vol.5(2), pp. 268-275, 2017

V. S. Arfaoui, “Optimization of hard turning PP using the RSM and finite element simulations”, The I. J. of Adv. Manu. Tech., Vol.103 (1-4), pp.1279–1290, 2019

VI. Sachin C Borse,“Optimization Of Turning PP In Dry Turning Of SAE52100 Steel”,I. J. of Mech. Eng. and Tech., Vol.5(12), pp.01-08, 2014

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Abstract:

The railways are one of the most used means of transport globally and especially in India which is the second largest in the world. Almost more than 140 accidents per year Indian Railways are noting down and 48% of the accidents are due to wheel misalignment of the bogies. Wheel cracks are one of the foremost reasons for the misalignment, and the failure in the wheel causes the derailment of train from the rails. Therefore, periodical inspection of the wheels is necessary to avoid such accidents and disasters. Several Non Destructive Testing (NDT) methods that are quick, reliable and cost effective are utilized for the detection of defects. In this work, a comprehensive review on the numerous NDT inspection methods used for the detection of several types of cracks that occurs on the rail wheels along with their advantages and disadvantages are discussed in detail. 

Keywords:

Rail Wheel,Inspection,Condition monitoring,Nondestructive Testing ,

Refference:

I. Alemi A, Corman F, Lodewijks G. Condition monitoring approaches for the detection of railway wheel defects. In the proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 2017 Sep;231(8):961-81.
II. Andreas K, Thomas S, Wolfgang K, Rolf B, Semjon S, Reiner D. Innovative ultrasonic inspection system for the fabrication test of railroad wheels. In the proceedings of 2016 18th International Wheelset Congress (IWC) 2016 Nov 7 (pp. 146-150). IEEE.
III. Antipov AG, Markov AA. Detectability of Rail Defects by Magnetic Flux Leakage Method. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 2019 Apr 1;55(4):277-85.
IV. Berthier Y, Descartes S, Busquet M, Niccolini E, Desrayaud C, BailletL, Baietto‐DubourgMC. The roleand effects of the third body in the wheel–rail interaction. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. 2004 May;27(5):423-36.
V. Bodziak TA, inventor; Trane US Inc, assignee. Railroad car wheel detect o rusing hall effect element. United States patent US 4,524,932. 1985 Jun 25
VI. Bogdański S, Brown MW. Modelling the three-dimensional behavior of shallow rolling contact fatigue cracks in rails. Wear. 2002 Jul1;253(1-2):17-25.
VII. Bogdanski S, Olzak M, Stupnicki J. Numerical stress analysis of railrolling contact fatigue cracks. Wear. 1996 Jan1;191(1-2):14-24.
VIII. Bollas K, Papasalouros D, Kourousis D, Anastasopoulos A. Acoustic emission inspection of rail wheels. Journal of Acoustic Emission. 2010 Jan 1;28:215-29.
IX. Brizuela J, Ibañez A, Fritsch C. Railway wheel tread inspection by ultrasonic techniques. in 2009 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium 2009 Sep 20 (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
X. Burrows SE, Fan Y, Dixon S. High temperature thickness measurements of stainless steel and low carbon steel using electromagnetic acoustictransducers. NDT & E International. 2014 Dec1;68:73-7.
XI. Cavuto A, Martarelli M, Pandarese G, Revel GM, Tomasini EP. Train wheel diagnostics by laser ultrasonics. Measurement. 2016 Feb 1;80:99-107.
XII. Chaoyong P, Xiaorong G, Bo Z, Yang L, Qiuyue J. Way-side wheel crack detecting using arrayed ultrasonic probes. In2016 18th International Wheelset Congress (IWC) 2016 Nov 7 (pp. 95-99). IEEE.

XIII. Chen L, Choy YS, Wang TG, Chiang YK. Fault detection of wheel in wheel/rail system using kurtosis beamforming method. Structural Health Monitoring. 2019 Jun 14:1475921719855444.
XIV. Cong T, Han J, Hong Y, Domblesky JP, Liu X. Shattered rim and shelling of high-speed railway wheels in the very-high-cycle fatigue regime under rolling contact loading. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2019 Mar 1;97:556-67.
XV. Di Scalea FL. Air-coupled ultrasonic inspection of rails. United States patent US 9,950,715. 2018 Apr 24.
XVI. Faghih-Roohi S, Hajizadeh S, Núñez A, Babuska R, De Schutter B. Deep convolutional neural networks for detection of rail surface defects. In2016 International joint conference on neural networks (IJCNN) 2016 Jul 24 (pp. 2584-2589). IEEE.
XVII. Falamarzi A, Moridpour S, Nazem M. A Review on Existing Sensors and Devices for Inspecting Railway Infrastructure. JurnalKejuruteraan. 2019;31(1):1-0.
XVIII. Fan C, Ai F, Liu Y, Xu Z, Wu G, Zhang W, Liu C, Yan Z, Liu D, Sun Q. Rail Crack Detection by Analyzing the Acoustic Transmission Process Based on Fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensor. In2019 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) 2019 Mar 3 (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
XIX. Gao R, He Q, Feng Q. Railway Wheel Flat Detection System Based on a Parallelogram Mechanism. Sensors. 2019 Jan;19(16):3614.
XX. Ghofrani F, Pathak A, Mohammadi R, Aref A, He Q. Predicting rail defect frequency: An integrated approach using fatigue modeling and data analytics. Computer‐Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 2019.
XXI. Gorgun E, Karamis MB. Ultrasonic testing to measure the stress statement of steel parts. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019 Jul 1;33(7):3231-6.
XXII. Hanai K, Nishimura K, Itoyama M, Yoshida I, inventors; Central Japan Railroad Co, assignee. Constant monitoring system for railway vehicle. United States patent application US 16/295,336. 2019 Sep 12.
XXIII. Handa K, Kimura Y, Mishima Y. Surface cracks initiation on carbon steel railway wheels under concurrent load of continuous rolling contact andcyclic frictional heat. Wear. 2010 Jan4;268(1-2):50-8.[31]
XXIV. Hyde P, Defossez F, Ulianov C. Development and testing of an automatic remote condition monitoring system for train wheels. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2016 Feb 1;10(1):32-40.

XXV. Jadhav P, Kondlekar S, Kotian D, Kotian N, Hemnani P. A Reliable Network System for Railway Track Crack Detection. InInternational Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Technologies 2019 (pp. 947-952). Springer, Singapore.
XXVI. Kishore MB, Park JW, Song SJ, Kim HJ, Kwon SG. Characterization of defects on rail surface using eddy current technique. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. 2019 Sep 1;33(9):4209-15.
XXVII. Kolstad OH. Model for Detecting Flaws in Railway Rails using Machine Learning (Master’s thesis, NTNU).
XXVIII. Kondo O, Shimokawa Y, inventors; Nippon Steel Corp, assignee. Method for measuring wear of railroad vehicle wheel flange. United States patent US 10,352,831. 2019 Jul 16.
XXIX. Kundu P, Darpe AK, Singh SP, Gupta K. A Review on Condition Monitoring Technologies for Railway Rolling Stock. InPHM Society European Conference 2018 Jul 3 (Vol. 4, No.1).
XXX. Lad P, Pawar M. Evolution of railway track crack detection system. In2016 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing Automation (ROMA) 2016 Sep 25 (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
XXXI. Li Q, Zhong Z, Liang Z, Liang Y. Rail inspection meets big data: methods and trends. In2015 18th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems 2015 Sep 2 (pp. 302-308). IEEE.
XXXII. Lu P, Bridgelall R, Tolliver D, Chia L, Bhardwaj B. Intelligent Transportation Systems Approach to Railroad Infrastructure Performance Evaluation: Track Surface Abnormality Identification with Smartphone-Based App. 2019 Jul.
XXXIII. Ma J, Wang Z, Rao C, Tan Y, Liu H, inventors; BEIJING SHEENLINE GROUP CO., LTD., assignee. Flaw detection machine with parallel lifting function, adapted for detecting flaw without demounting wheels. United States patent US 9,645,053. 2017 May 9.
XXXIV. Ma L, He CG, Zhao XJ, Guo J, Zhu Y, Wang WJ, Liu QY, Jin XS. Study on wear and rolling contact fatigue behaviors of wheel/rail materials underdifferent slip ratio conditions. Wear. 2016 Nov15;366:13-26.
XXXV. Mariani S, Nguyen T, Zhu X, Lanza di Scalea F. Field test performance of noncontact ultrasonic rail inspection system. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. 2017 Feb 2;143(5):04017007.
XXXVI. ¬Mazzù A, SolazziL, Lancini M, Petrogalli C, Ghidini A, Faccoli M. An experimental procedure for surface damage assessment in railway wheel andrail steels. Wear. 2015 Nov15;342:22-32.
XXXVII. Miettinen M. Työkalunsuunnittelu EMAT-ultraäänilaitteenluotaimelle.

XXXVIII. Montinaro N, Epasto G, Cerniglia D, Guglielmino E. Laser ultrasonics inspection for defect evaluation on train wheel. NDT & E International. 2019 Oct 1;107:102145.
XXXIX. Nowakowski T, Komorski P, Szymański GM, Tomaszewski F. Wheel-flat detection on trams using envelope analysis with Hilbert transform. Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures. 2019;16(1).
XL. Rowshandel H, Nicholson GL, Shen JL, Davis CL. Characterisation of clustered cracks using an ACFM sensor and application of an artificial neural network. NDT & E International. 2018 Sep 1;98:80-8.
XLI. Sternini S, Liang AY, di Scalea FL. Rail defect imaging by improved ultrasonic synthetic aperture focus techniques. Materials Evaluation. 2019 Jul 1;77(7):931-40.
XLII. Tsujie M, Miura M, Chen H, Terumichi Y. A study on the initiation of head check of the low rail using multibody dynamics. Wear. 2019 Oct 15;436:202989.
XLIII. Witte M, Poudel A. Review of Wayside Detection and Monitoring Technologies and Their Future for North American Railroad Applications. Materials Evaluation. 2019 Jul 1;77(7):885-96.
XLIV. Yu X, Li R, inventors; General Electric Co, assignee. Devices and methods for inspecting a wheel. United States patent US 10,352,830. 2019 Jul 16.
XLV. Zhang K, Peng J, Yang K, Gao X, Zhang Y, Peng C, Tian G. Research on eddy current pulsed thermography for rolling contact fatigue crack detection and quantification in wheel tread. In2016 18th International Wheelset Congress (IWC) 2016 Nov 7 (pp. 5-11). IEEE.
XLVI. Zhang Y, Tan Y, Peng J, Peng C, Yang K, Gao X. LU automatic ultrasonic inspection system for in-service wheelset and its application. In2016 18th International Wheelset Congress (IWC) 2016 Nov 7 (pp. 100-104). IEEE.
XLVII. Zheng S, Chai X, An X, Li L. Railway track gauge inspection method based on computer vision. In2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation 2012 Aug 5 (pp. 1292-1296).IEEE.
XLVIII. Zhou L, Brunskill H, Pletz M, Daves W, Scheriau S, Lewis R. Real-Time Measurement of Dynamic Wheel-Rail Contacts Using Ultrasonic Reflectometry. Journal of Tribology. 2019 Jun 1;141(6):061401.
XLIX. Zhou L, Brunskill HP, Lewis R. Real-time non-invasive measurement and monitoring of wheel–rail contact using ultrasonic reflectometry. Structural Health Monitoring. 2019 Feb 21:1475921719829882.
L. Zou C, Sun Z, Cai D, Zhang W, Chen Q. Crack detection using serrated columnar phased array transducers. Insight-Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring. 2018 Apr 1;60(4):212-9.

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Abstract:

In this paper, ECG signal-based heart prediction system using HVD is proposed for continuous cardiac health monitoring applications. This proposed work consists of four blocks 1)ECG signal sensing from human body 2) uploading ECG signal to MATLAB 3) ECG signal analysis 4) SQI and disease identification. Wireless ECG system  is built by using AD8232 module and HC-05, electrical activity is taken from it and transmit it wireless to the USB to TTL via HC-05 ,all the live signal is saved in the form of matfile. In  ECG signal analysis, raw signal is filtered by using HVD and it find RR intervals and QRS complex. In SQI it will check whether signal is good, or diagnosis based on RR interval and QRS complex. if the condition is diagnosis it goes for disease identification , if any disease is identified all the data in form matfile is sent as email to doctor. The main moto is to design electronic T-shirt for continuous cardiac health monitoring. This system has enough potential for assessing biomedical diagnosis system.

Keywords:

Electrocardiogram (ECG),Hilbert vibrating decomposition (HVD),Signal quality index (SQI),Universal serial bus (USB),Transistor transistor logic (TTL),

Refference:

I. A. Agrawal and D. H. Gawali, “Comparative Study of ECG Feature Extraction Methods”, 2ndIEEE International Conference On Recent Trends in Electronics Information and Communication Technology, May 19-20, 2017, India.

II. A.Sellamiet.al.,“ECG as a Biometric for Individual’s Identification”, The 5thInternational Conference on Electrical Engineering – Bombardes, 2014, October 29-31, Bombardes, Algeria.
III. B. Liu et al., ‘The Design of Portable ECG Health Monitoring System’, 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference, 2017.

IV. B.Vuksanovic, A. Mustafa, “ECG Based System for Arrhythmia Detection and Patient Identification”, In: Int. Conf. on Information Technology Interfaces, Cavtat, Croatia, 2013.

V. J. Chai, “The Design of Mobile EEG Monitoring System”, IEEE 4thInternational Conference on Electronics Information and Emergency Communication, 2013.

VI. Jian-Zhi Chen et.al.,“Design of ECG Signal Acquisition System Based on ADS1291”, In International Conference On Communication Problem-Solving, 2016.

VII. K. Raja, et. al., “Design of a low power ECG signal processor for wearable health system-review and implementation issues”,In11thInternational Conference Intelligent Systems and Control, 2017, pp. 383-387. IEEE, 2017.

VIII. K. Raja,et. al., “Design of a spike detector for fully Integrated Neuromodulation SoC”, In 11thInternational Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control, 2017, pp. 341-345.

IX. R. N.Mitraet.al., “Pattern Classification of Time Plane Features of ECG Wave from Cell-Phone Photography for Machine Aided Cardiac Disease Diagnosis”, 36thAnnual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014.

X. S. Udit, B.Ramkumar and M. S.Manikandan, “Real-Time Signal Quality-Aware ECG Telemetry System for IoT-Based Health Care Monitoring”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 4, no. 3, pp:815-823, 2017.

XI. T. G. Keshavamurthy and M. N. Eshwarappa, “Review Paper on Denoising of ECG Signal”, In 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies, 2017.

XII. Tsair Kao et.al., “Computer Analysis of the Electrocardiograms from ECG Paper Recordings”, Proceedings of 23rdAnnual EMBS International Conference, 2001, October 25-28

XIII. W. Ahmed and S. Khalid, “ECG Signal Processing for Recognition of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Survey”, 6thInternational Conference on Innovative Computing Technology, 2016,pp:677-682.

XIV. Y. Miao et al., “Research and Implementation of ECG-Based Biological Recognition Parallelization”, Special Section on Key Technologies for Smart Factory of Industry 4.0, IEEE Access, Vol.6,pp:4759-4766, 2017.

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Abstract:

The present study investigates the effect of strengthening the reinforced concrete beams using different methods, including CFRP reinforcement, GFRP and metal sheets. The analytical method used in this section is the finite element using the Abacus simulator. Accordingly, simple double-head beam was modeled and various scenarios were analyzed by applying the appropriate loading and boundary conditions. Results of the uniform loading in bending test in the modes in which the reinforcements are replaced with carbon reinforcements, Mode A3 showed the best behavior and in the case of using Class A GFRP laminates, G3 beam showed the best behavior in the bending test. In the use of steel sheets, it was observed that the steel sheets had more favorable behaviors than all other modes and it decreased compared to GFRP-reinforced modes. Stress and strain diagrams were plotted for the modeling.

Keywords:

Strengthening,Reinforced Concrete Beam,Abacus Software,CFRP Rebar,GFRP,Steel Sheets,

Refference:

I. ACI 440.1R-06. “Guide for the design and construction of structural concrete reinforced with FRP Bars”. Farmington Hills, USA: American Concrete Institute, pp.: 16-27, 2006.
II. A. Ferreira, “On the shear-deformation theories for the analysis of concrete shells reinforced with external composite laminates”. Strength Mater, Vol.: 35, Issue: 2, pp.: 128-135, 2010.
III. A. Houssam, S. Mohamed “Flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars”. Struct J, Vol.: 97, Issue: 5, pp.: 712-719, 2000.
IV. A. Khalifa, G. Tumialan, A. Nanni, A. Belarbi, “Shear strengthening of continuous RC beams using externally bonded CFRP sheets. American Concrete Institute. In: Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on FRP for reinforcement of concrete structures (FRPRCS4)”. Baltimore, MD, pp.: 995-1008, 1999.
V. A. Khalifa, A. Nanni, “Rehabilitation of rectangular simply supported RC beams with shear deficiencies using CFRP composites”. Constr Build Mater, Vol.: 16, Issue: 4, pp.: 135-146, 2002.
VI. A. kumari, S. Patel, A. nayak, “Shearstrengthning of RC deep beam using externally bonded GFRP fabrics”. journal of the institution of engineers, pp.: 16-27, 2018.
VII. A. Lansi, “Structural performance of corroded RC beams repaired with CFRP sheets”. Compos Struct, Vol.: 92, Issue: 8, pp.: 19318-19329, 2010.
VIII. A. Shehata, E. Cerqueira, C. Pinto, “Strengthening of RC beams in flexure and shear using CFRP laminate”. FiberReinfPlastReinfConcrStruct, Vol.: 9, Issue: 1, pp.: 97-106, 2001.
IX. C. Bazacu, T. Galatanu, P. Mizgan, R. Muntean, F. Tamas, “Experimental research in flexural behavior of carbon fiber polymer strengthened beam”. INTER-ENG, pp.: 98-112, 2016.
X. CEB-FIP, FIB 40 – Bulletin n. “40 – FRP reinforcement in RC structures – design and use of fibre reinforced polymer reinforcement (FRP) in reinforced concrete structures”. International Federation for Structural Concrete (FIB), pp.: 27-38, 2007.
XI. D. Kachlakev, “Behavior of full-scale reinforced concrete beams retrofitted for shear and flexural with FRP laminates”. Composites, Vol.: 31, Issue: 2, pp.: 445-452, 2000.
XII. E. David, C. Djelal, F. Buyle-Bodin, “Repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using composite materials”. In: 2nd Int PhD symposium in civil engineering, Budapest, pp.: 218-230, 1998.
XIII. G. Malumbela, M. Alexander, P. Moyo, “Variation of steel loss and its effect on the ultimate flexural capacity of RC beams corroded and repaired under load”. Constr Build Mater, Vol.: 24, Issue: 6, pp.: 1051-1059, 2010.
XIV. H. Hejabi, M. zamankabir, “Seismic ductility evaluation of shear deficient RC Frame strengthened by externally bonded cfrp sheet KSCE”. journal of civil engineering, pp.: 369-384, 2016.
XV. H. Toutanji, L. Zhao, Y. Zhang. “Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams externally strengthened with CFRP sheets bonded with an inorganic matrix”. EngStruct, Vol.: 28, Issue: 4, pp.: 557-566, 2006.
XVI. J. Xie, R. Hu, “Experimental study on rehabilitation of corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber reinforced polymer”. Constr Build Mater, Vol.: 38, Issue: 3, pp.: 708-716, 2013.
XVII. M. Badawi, K. Soudki, “CFRP repair of RC beams with shear-span and full-span corrosions”. J Compos Constr, Vol.: 14, Issue: 3, pp.: 323-335, 2010.
XVIII. M. Fakharifar, G. Chen, M. Arezoumandi, M. ElGawady, “Hybrid Jacketing for Rapid Repair of Seismically Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns”. Transportation Research Record, Vol.: 2522, Issue: 1, pp.: 70-78, 2015.
XIX. M. Shahawy, T. Arockiasamy, T. Beitelmant, R. “Sowrirajan. Reinforced concrete rectangular beams strengthened with CFRP laminates”. Composites, Vol.: 27, Issue: 6, pp.: 225-233, 1996.
XX. P. Escórcio, P. França, “Experimental study of a rehabilitation solution that uses GFRP bars to replace the steel bars of reinforced concrete beams”. Engineering Structures, Vol.: 128, Issue: 5, pp.: 166-183, 2016.
XXI. P. Vijay, V. Hota, “Bending behavior and deformability of glass fiberreinforced polymer reinforced concrete members”. Struct J, Vol.: 98, Issue: 6, pp.: 834-429, 2001.
XXII. R. Maheri, A. Torabi, “Retrofitting external RC beam-column joints of an ordinary MRF through plastic hinge relocation using FRP laminates”. Structures, Vol.: 22, Issue: 3, pp.: 65-75, 2019.
XXIII. R. Quantrill, L. Hollaway. “The flexural rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams by the use of prestressed advanced composite plates”. Compos SciTechnol, Vol.: 58, Issue: 8, pp.: 1259-1275, 1998.
XXIV. W. Al Zand, W. Badaruzzaman, A. Mutalib, S. Hilo, “Rehabilitation and strengthening of high-strength rectangular CFST beams using a partial wrapping scheme of CFRP sheets: Experimental and numerical study”. Thin–Walled Structures, Vol.: 114, Issue: 2, pp.: 80-91, 2017.
XXV. W. Karunasena, P. Hardeo, G. Bosnich, “Rehabilitation of concrete beams by externally bonding fiber composite reinforcement. In composite systems: macrocomposites, microcomposites, nanocomposites”. In: Proceedings of the ACUN-4, international composites conference, 4th, Sydney, Australia, Vol.: 21, Issue: 5, pp.: 222-226, 2002.
XXVI. Y. TalebObaidat, S. Heyden, O. Dahlblom, G. Farsakh, Y. Abdel-Jawad, “Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using composite laminates”. Construction and Building Materials, Vol.: 25, Issue: 2, pp.: 591-597, 2011.
XXVII. Z. soric, J. galic, “Deflections of concrete beam reinforced with frp bars Materials an structures”. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Vol.: 18, Issue: 8, pp.: 843-857, 2010.

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Abstract:

The aim of this article is modeling the effects of climate change on open water evaporation. To this end, SDSM model was used. Data related to base period for the evaporation modeling was from 1983 to 2005 and the maximum and minimum evaporation values were simulated for the next two periods of 2030-2050 and 2080-2100. The results showed that sea-level pressure, wind speed, geopotential height and surface temperature has the greatest effect on evaporation. Also, the results of evaporation modeling showed that the range of evaporation would be decreased for both time periods and under all scenarios. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases with its positive and negative feedbacks reduced the intensity of maximum evaporation and consequently increased the minimum amount of daily evaporation. The highest decrease in the maximum evaporation amounts and the highest increase in the minimum evaporation amounts would occur in the cold months of the year and in the warm months of the year, respectively

Keywords:

Climate Change,Wind speed,Surface temperature,Evaporation,SDSM Model,

Refference:

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Abstract:

Excessive use of electronic devices and image sharing applications in the modern world produce gigantic number of images. The huge image data demands to be handled properly to efficiently utilize the storage space and transmission bandwidth resources. Image compression techniques limit the storage size of the image for this purpose. With the passage of time compression techniques have enhancedto attain more compression and produce decompressed image of high quality. This study which is part of post graduate project suggests the use of neural network to reconstruct the gray scale images which are compressed by withdrawing the pixels from the image. MATLAB is used as programming tool to carry out the simulations. The results obtained are promising.  

Keywords:

Artificial Neural Network (ANN),Hidden Neurons,MATLAB,Image Compression,Reconstruction,

Refference:

I. Asuni, N., & Giachetti, A. (2013). Testimages: A large data archive for display and algorithm testing. Journal of Graphics Tools, 17(4), 113-125.
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Abstract:

At present, Pakistan is stood up to with vitality emergency because of decrease in traditional wellsprings of vitality. There is an expansive hole among interest and supply of power. Consequently Growing worry over the danger of worldwide environmental change has prompted an expanded enthusiasm for innovative work of sustainable power source advances. The sea gives a tremendous wellspring of potential vitality assets, and as sustainable power source innovation creates, interest in sea vitality is probably going to develop. Research in sea warm vitality change, wave vitality, tidal vitality, and seaward wind vitality has prompted promising advancements and now and again, business organization. These sources can possibly help reduce the worldwide environmental change risk, yet the sea condition ought to be ensured while these advances are produced. Sustainable power sources from the sea might be misused without hurting the marine condition if ventures are sited and scaled suitably and ecological rules are pursued  

Keywords:

Energy Crisis,Ocean Energy,Renewable Energy,Tidal Energy,Environmental Changes,Vital zones,

Refference:

I. Ashley Taylor and Tom krupenkin “Reverse electro wetting as a new approach to high power energy harvesting” Nature communication, pp 1-7August 2011.
II. Binoy Boban, Tom Jose V, Sijvo MT, “Electricty generation from footsteps; A Generative energy Resources” International journal of sciventic and research Publication 1-3,March 2013.
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V. Muhammad Aamir Aman*1, Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi2, Hamza Umar Afridi3, Mehr-e-Munir4, Jehanzeb Khan5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Iqra National University, Pakistan “Photovoltaic (PV) System Feasibility for UrmarPayan a Rural Cell Sites in Pakistan” J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-3, July-August (2018) Pages 173-179.
VI. Muhammad AamirAman*1, Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi2, Murad Ali3, Akhtar Khan4 Department of Electrical Engineering, Iqra National University, Pakistan.“To Negate the influences of Un-deterministic Dispersed Generation on Interconnection to the Distributed System considering Power Losses of the system” J.Mech.Cont.& Math. Sci., Vol.-13, No.-3, July-August (2018) Pages 117-132.
VII. Piezoelectric foot step power generation by sagar institute of technology.
VIII. S. Dhaley, D. English, E.Hu, P. Barbara, and A. Belcher, “Nature”, PP 665, 2000.

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Abstract:

Pakistan being a developing country, with many budget constraints, poor governance and legislation of commercial vehicle’s loading limits facing the dilemma of overloading of commercial vehicles from the last decade, as overloading is the main factor for pavement deteriorations. Highway authorities would be facing the serious problems of maintenance, rehabilitation and reconstruction of existing roads together with designing the future roads to meet the criteria for much higher traffic loadings. Thus, there is grim need to evaluate the impact of commercial vehicle’s overloading on pavement performance to come-up with the optimum solution. Data of three weigh in motion stations between the two major cities (Peshawar and Rawalpindi) on the main national highway N-5 of Pakistan were collected and analyzed. A comparative study of actual and design load equivalency factors (NTRC-1995) were carried to determine the impact of current loading pattern on the pavement performance. AASHTO flexible pavement design method was applied to compute the axle load equivalency factors and thicknesses required for pavement structures. Furthermore, the effect of variation in truck factor due to current loadings, on pavement design practice in Pakistan in term of performance period and economy was evaluated. It is found that, on average 90% of the commercial vehicles in Pakistan are going overloaded than the suggested limits with axle type-2 vehicle is more damaging to pavement structures having truck factors 2.65 times more than the design truck factors. Moreover, it was analyzed that the pavement structure designed on the basis of truck factors suggested by NTRC would get deteriorate in 3.5 years rather than 10 years with the economic loss of 4.5 million rupees approx.

Keywords:

Overloads,Truck Factor,Weigh in Motion,Flexible Pavement,Traffic,

Refference:

I. AASHTO Guide. (1993). AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement structure. Washington-DC: American Association of State highway and Transportation Officials.
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