Journal Vol – 15 No -2, February 2020

Abstract:

Acoustic waves are used for communication systems in underwater civilian as well as military applications. Underwater acoustic target tracking is an important component of marine exploration. A large number of target tracking methods are being used based on the nature of the marine environment. In this paper, we survey recent research on underwater tracking technologies. Classification of different under water target tracking algorithms are made based on methods used. The algorithms are analysed to identify the most appropriate one for underwater target tracking. The challenges and issues is also discussed. 

Keywords:

Target tracking,Acoustic sensors,Underwater communication,Wireless sensor networks,

Refference:

I. Akyildiz, I.F.; Su,W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E., “Wireless sensor networks: A survey”, Comput. Netw., Vol. 38, pp. 393–422, 2002.
II. Asif, M.; Arshad, M.R.; Yahya, A., “An active contour for underwater target tracking and navigation” In Proceedings of the Inernational Conference on Man-Machine System, Langkawi, Malaysia, pp. 1–7, 2005.
III. Asmaa, E.; Said, R.; Lahoucine, K., “Review of recovery techniques to recapture lost targets in wireless sensor networks”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), Tangiers, Morocco, pp. 1–6, 2016.
IV. Chen,W.-P.; Jennifer, C.H.; Sha, L., “Dynamic clustering for acoustic target tracking in wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput., Vol. 3, pp. 258–271, 2004.
V. Coraluppi, S., “Multistatic sonar localization”, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., Vol. 31, pp. 964–974, 2006.
VI. Cui, J.H.; Kong, J.; Gerla, M.; Zhou, S., “The challenges of building scalable mobile underwater wireless sensor networks for aquatic applications”, IEEE Netw., Vol. 20, pp. 12–18, 2006.
VII. Demigha, O.; Hidouci,W.-K.; Ahmed, T., “On energy Efficiency in collaborative target tracking in wireless sensor network: A Review”, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., Vol. 15, pp. 1210–1222, 2013.
VIII. Georgescu, R.; Willett, P., “The GM-CPHD Tracker applied to real and realistic multistatic sonar data sets”, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., Vol. 37, pp. 220–235, 2012.
IX. Georgy, J.; Noureldin, A.; Member, S.; Mellema, G.R., “Clustered Mixture Particle Filter for Underwater Multitarget Tracking in Multistatic Active Sonobuoy Systems”, IEEE Trans. Syst. Vol. 42, pp. 547–560, 2012.
X. Hovem, J.M., “Underwater acoustics: Propagation, devices and systems”, J. Electroceram., Vol. 19, pp. 339–347, 2007.
XI. Jin, X.; Sarkar, S.; Gupta, S.; Damarla, T., “Target detection and classification using seismic and PIR sensors”, IEEE Sens. J., Vol. 12, pp. 1709–1718, 2012.
XII. Kim, D.; Cano, J.C.;Wang,W.; De Rango, F.; Hua, K., “Underwater wireless sensor networks”, Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw., Vol. 10 issue 4, 2014
XIII. Komagal, E.; Vinodhini, A.; Srinivasan, A.; Ekava, B., “Real time background subtraction techniques for detection of moving objects in video surveillance system”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing, Communication and Applications, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India, pp. 1–5, 2012.
XIV. Kumar, A.A.; Sivalingam, K.M., “Target tracking in a WSN with directional sensors using electronic beam steering”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication Systems and Networks (COMSNETS), Bangalore, India, pp. 1–10, 2012.
XV. Lee, D.; Choi, S., “Multisensor fusion-based object detection and tracking using active shape model”, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM), Melbourne, Australia, pp. 108–114, 2011.
XVI. Lemon, S.G., “Towed-array history, 1917–2003”, IEEE J. Ocean. Eng., Vol. 29, pp. 365–373, 2004.
XVII. Liang, Q.; Cheng, X., “Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Target size detection and performance Analysis”, In Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Beijing, China, 2008.
XVIII. Mansur, P.; Sreedharan, S., “Survey of prediction algorithms for object tracking in wireless sensor networks”, In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research, Coimbatore, India, pp. 1–4, 2014.
XIX. Markus, W.; Skoczylas, P.; Meer, M.; Braun, T., “Distributed event localization and tracking with wireless sensors”, In Proceedings of the Wired/Wireless Internet Communication(WWIC), Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 247–258, 2007.
XX. Oka, A.; Lampe, L.; Member, S., “Distributed target tracking using signal strength measurements by a wireless sensor network”, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., Vol. 28, pp. 1006–1015, 2010.
XXI. Oracevic, A.; Ozdemir, S., “A Survey of secure target tracking algorithms for wireless sensor networks”, In Proceedings of the Computer Applications and Information Systems, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 1–6, 2014.
XXII. Partan, J.; Kurose, J.; Levine, B.N., “A survey of practical issues in underwater networks”, ACM SIGMOBILE Mob. Comput. Commun. Rev., Vol. 11, pp. 23, 2007.
XXIII. Pettersson, M.I.; Zetterberg, V.; Claesson, I., “Detection and imaging of moving targets in wide band SAS using fast time back projection combined with space time processing”, In Proceedings of the OCEANS 2005 MTS/IEEE, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 2388–2393, 2005.
XXIV. Sendra, S.; Lloret, J.; Jimenez, J.M.; Parra, L., “Underwater Acoustic Modems”, IEEE Sens. J., Vol. 16, pp. 4063–4071, 2016.
XXV. Shi, L.; Tan, J., “Distributive target tracking in sensor networks with a markov random field model”, In Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, St. Louis, MO, USA, pp. 854–859, 2009.
XXVI. Sleep, S.R., “An adaptive belief representation for target tracking using disparate sensors in wireless sensor networks”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Fusion, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2073–2080, 2013.
XXVII. Sounding, E., “Sonar for Practising Engineers”, 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, NY, USA, pp. 123–135, 2002.
XXVIII. Souza, É.L.; Nakamura, E.F.; Pazzi, R.W., “Target tracking for sensor networks”, ACM Comput. Surv., Vol. 49, pp. 1–31, 2016.

XXIX. Wahlström, N.; Callmer, J.; Gustafsson, F., “Single target tracking using vector magnetometers”, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Prague, Czech, pp. 4332–4335, 2011.
XXX. Yusof, M.A.B.; Kabir, S., “An overview of sonar and electromagnetic waves for underwater communication”, IETE Tech. Rev., Vol. 29, pp. 307–317, 2012.
XXXI. Zhu, Y.; Vikram, A.; Fu, H., “On topology of sensor networks deployed for multitarget tracking”, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., Vol. 15, pp. 1489–1498, 2014.

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Abstract:

A review on different methods used to measure the level of water in a reservoir and its control. Water is an extremely important resource for every living organism on the planet and its wastage should be prevented. Water level measurement in overhead/underground tanks and its control is very crucial. A number of methods are there to measure the level of water in a reservoir and most of these methods have their advantages and disadvantages. The different water storage methods have their unique challenges in water level measurement and it control. Various types of sensors are used to make the measurements and an appropriate communication technology is used. Here a survey of the different method used for the measurement and control are discussed. Zigbee based measurement and control system was found to be the most efficient.

Keywords:

Water Level,Sensors,Ultrasonic,ZigBee,Control,

Refference:

I. Atojoko, A.; Abd-Alhameed, R.A.; Tu, Y.; Elmegri, F.; See, C.H.; Child, M.B., “Automatic liquid level indication and control using passive UHF RFID tags”, Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), Nov. 2014 Loughborough, pp. 136-140, 2014.
II. Bande, V.; Pitica, D.; Ciascai, I., “Multi – Capacitor sensor algorithm for water level measurement,” Electronics Technology (ISSE), 2012 35th International Spring Seminar, pp.286-291,2012.
III. Jin-Shyan Lee; Yu-Wei Su; Chung-Chou Shen, “A Comparative Study of Wireless Protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi,” Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2007. 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE, pp. 46-51, 2007.
IV. Manik, N. B., S. C. Mukherjee, and A. N. Basu. “Studies on the propagation of light from a light-emitting diode through a glass tube and development of an opto-sensor for the continuous detection of liquid level.” Optical Engineering, Vol. 40(12), pp. 2830-2836, 2001.
V. Mani Rathinam S., Chamundeeswari V. (2020) “Design and Implementation of Greenhouse Monitoring System Using Zigbee Module,” In: Hemanth D., Kumar V., Malathi S., Castillo O., Patrut B. (eds) Emerging Trends in Computing and Expert Technology. COMET 2019. Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies, Springer, Cham, Vol 35. 2019.
VI. Maqbool, S.; Chandra, N., “Real Time Wireless Monitoring and Control of Water Systems Using Zigbee 802.15.4,” Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN), 2013 5th International Conference, pp.150-155,2013.
VII. NavpreetKaur, SangeetaMonga, “Comparisons of Wired and Wireless Networks: A Review”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-Issn 0976-3945.
VIII. P. Rohitha, P. Ranjeet Kumar, N. Adinarayana, T. VenkatNarayanaRao, “Wireless Networking Through Zigbee Technology,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol.: 2, Issue 7, pp. 49-54, 2012.
IX. Rasin, Z.; Hamzah, H.; Aras, M.S.M., “Application and evaluation of high power Zigbee based wireless sensor network in water irrigation control monitoring system,” Industrial Electronics & Applications, 2009. ISIEA 2009. IEEE Symposium, Vol.2, pp.548-551, 2009.
X. Saraswati, M.; Kuantama, E.; Mardjoko, P., “Design and Construction of Water Level Measurement System Accessible through SMS”, Computer Modeling and Simulation (EMS), 2012 Sixth UKSim/AMSS European Symposium, pp.48-53,2012.
XI. UjwalParmar, Sharanjeet Singh, “Comparative Study Of Zigbee, Bluetooth And Wi-Fi Technology For Constructing Wireless Fire Alarm System,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Vol.: 4(9), pp. 893-897, 2014.
XII. Yanjun Zhang, Yingzi Zhang, YulongHou, Liang Zhang, Yanjun Hu, XiaolongGao, Huixin Zhang, and Wenyi Liu, “An Optical Fiber Liquid Level Sensor Based on Side Coupling Induction Technology”, Journal of Sensors, Vol. 2018, Article ID 2953807, 6 pages, 2018.
XIII. Yinke Dou; Jianmin Qin; XiaoMin Chang, “The Study of a Capacitance Sensor and its System Used in Measuring Ice Thickness, Sedimentation and Water Level of a Reservoir,” Information Technology and Applications, 2009. IFITA ’09. International Forum, vol.3, pp.616-619,2009.
XIV. Yin, W.; Peyton, A.J.; Zysko, G.; Denno, R., “Simultaneous Non-contact Measurement of Water Level and Conductivity,” Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC 2006. Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 2144-2147, 2006.

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Abstract:

The present paper describes the formation of Mathematical Model for vibration amplitude, processing time, energy consumption, and productivity of cotton spinning machine. Traditionally spinning is the process in which twisting of yarn fiber of drawn - out standard. For this research, solar powered spinning machine (amber charkha) is selected. So this research work is carried out for the study of machine with respect to vibration amplitude, processing time, energy consumption, and productivity andto optimize all these dependant parameters. This MathematicalModel resembles the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. As such mathematical model (log-log model) has been formed along with reliability test and sensitivity analysis.Study concludes the effect on dependent parameter due to variation in independent parameter.This research paper revealedremedial action for smoother and good outputs of the spinning machine.

Keywords:

Mathematical Modeling,spinning machine,vibration amplitude,

Refference:

I. Dr. J.P. Modak, Prof. S.P. Mishra, O.S. Bihade, D.K. Parbat “An Approach to Simulation of a Complex Field Activity by a Mathematical Model” Industrial Engineering Journal Vol. II & Issue No. 20, Feb – 2011
II. Gandhiji in the article “Khadi, Why & How”, Indian National Congress Convention, Bombay 1947
III. Girish D. Mehta, Akshay Pachporet. Al.“Formulation of an approximateGeneralized Experimental Data based Model to Predict the Effect of Misalignment on Vibration Response of a Flexible Coupling
published in Proceedings of 2015 IFToMM World Congress, Oct 25-30,2015, Taipei, Taiwan
IV. Mr. Gaurav D. Surkar et.al “Design and analysis of Two Spindle Amber Charkha- A Review” in International journal of Recent and innovation Trends in Computing and Communication, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 294-297
V. Mr. Ravi Kandasamy, Mr. Deep Varma, et.al“Report on Technology Transfer of Solar Charkha in Khadi Sector”, International journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol. 3, Issue 4, July – Aug. 2013 pp – 1965 – 1979
VI. PankajMeshram, N.P. Awate“Design, Analysis of Amber Charkha” Indian Journal of Applied Research, Vol.3/issue 6/June 2013/ISSN-2249-555X
VII. The Ambar Charkha, report published by All India Khadi & Village Industries Board (Ministry of Production) P.O. Box 482, Bombay-1.
VIII. Schenck H. Jr., “Reduction of variables and Dimensional Analysis”, Theories of Engineering Experimentation, McGraw Hill Book Co. New York, p.p. 60-81
IX. Ya Wang, et.al. “Analysis on the Spinning Process and Properties of Tencel Yarn” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2015, 3, 41-47

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