Journal Vol – 14 No -5, October 2019

Abstract:

According to Einstein, the astronomical bodies try to move in a straight line – it is the curved space – time that makes their paths curved in. This paper proposes that the space – time is originally a flat space – time (at an absolute free space), it is the presence of mass that makes space – time curved in. Whether the physical time is discrete or continuous, is an observer dependent realism only. An observer like human being uses neither too small units of time nor too big units of time. An observer like human being uses average or moderate units of time which makes time continuous and flat. The physical time is discrete and flat for too small units of time. The physical time is continuous and curved in for too big units of time. The space – time can be curved in into a point for infinite mass concentrated into a point. Theoretically, it should be the center of our universe.

Keywords:

Absolute free space,Discrete,Continuous,The physical time,Infinite mass,

Refference:

I. Roger Penrose, “Cycles of Time”, Vintage Books, London, pp. 50-56
II. Stephen Hawking, “The Beginning of Time”, A Lecture.
III. Stephen Hawking, “A Briefer History of Time”, Bantam Books, London, pp.
1-49.
IV. Stephen Hawking, “Black holes and Baby Universes and other essays”,
Bantam Press, London 2013, ISBN 978-0-553-40663-4
V. Stephen Hawking, “The Grand Design”, Bantam Books, London 2011
VI. Stephen Hawking, “A Brief History of Time”, Bantam Books, London 2011,
pp. 156-157. ISBN-978-0-553-10953-5
VII. Stephen Hawking, “The Universe in a Nutshell”, Bantam Press, London
2013, pp. 58-61, 63, 82-85, 90-94, 99, 196. ISBN 0-553-80202-X
VIII. Stephen Hawking, “A stubbornly persistent illusion-The essential scientific
works of Albert Einstein”, Running Press Book Publishers, Philadelphia,
London 2011.
IX. Stephen Hawking, “Stephen Hawking’s Universe: Strange Stuff Explained”,
PBS site on imaginary time.

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Abstract:

Through the previous years, a large number of cell phones information has become in the hand for the analysis patterns of people movements. This information’s carry a massive assurance for realizing behavior of human on a very large scale, as well as with an accuracy and precision never happened before can be allowed with surveys, censuses or other available data selection techniques. There are a number of researches that has open key advance into analyzing mobility of human utilizing this available recent data source, as well as there have been multiple various calculations of mobility applied. Mobility of human, or motion over large or short distances for narrow or vast durations of time, is an essential until continuous study for occurrence in the sciences of demographic and social systems. Meanwhile there have been harmonious progresses in compassionate migration (consider continuous pattern of mobility) as well as its effect on people happiness, social organizations, economic, and political organization, progresses in researches of mobility have been embarrass by complexity in measuring and recording how people move on a second and in detailed range. In this paper, the ability of using mobile network records will been described for analyzing the mobility of people and society for various objectives such as monitoring the mobility in cities and builds the suitable infrastructure for them. The mobility of individuals will be very benefit for observation the behavior of peoples and their effect in security issues. In order to test the system performance, a set of tests was applied on Zain calls dataset. The results indicates for the society mobility has been exported for the Baghdad Karkh area peoples. The results have been exported for two phases, one phases when the number of people’s routes where only 10 movement and the second phase when the people routes where 3 routes.

Keywords:

Call phones,Mobile network records,Mobility,Human's behavior,Zain,

Refference:

I. Chen Zhou, Xu, Z., & Huang, B., ”Activity Recognition from Call Detail Record:
Relation Between Mobile Behavior Pattern And Social Attribute Using
Hierarchical Conditional Random Fields”,International Conference on Green
Computing and Communications & IEEE/ACM International Conference on
Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, 2010.

II. Ghotekar, N., “Analysis and Data Mining of Call Detail Records using Big Data
Technology”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and
Communication Engineering, Vol. 5, December 2016.
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services and out-migration”. International Migration. 48(3), 1-41, 2010.
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Abstract:

This paper aims to identify and test the relationship of Team Building andOrganizational Ambidexterity by prompting bank employees to engage in commitment towards change.A structured questionnaire was prepared and distributed among employees of selected public and private banks across the country. A total of 240 valid responses were gathered from this survey using snowball and convenience sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis and factor analysis was used to interpret the results of the collected data. The analysis of data has been carried by using IBM SPSS and AMOS 20 version. The major takeaway of this research highlights the private sector banks where the commitment of employee towards change impacted team building leading to high ambidexterity as compared to that of public sector banks. Also, the results of the hypotheses formulated, holds true to the relationship of Team Building and Organizational Ambidexterity becomes stronger with a mediator Employee Commitment to Change and moderator, Psychological Safety in place.This research reflects on the importance of managing interpersonal threats hidden within every committed employee with the help of psychologically safe work environment and thus, promoting a strong culture of team spirit and being an ambidextrous organization. This paper confirms the effect of Team Building on Organizational Ambidexterity through Employee Commitment to Change and unlocks the dark box of how organizations can become ambidextrous by adding novelty to this research with the presence of Psychological Safety as a moderator.

Keywords:

Team Building,Organizational Ambidexterity,Psychological Safety,Employee Commitment to change,Moderated mediation,

Refference:

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Abstract:

This paper focuses on a framework for the seismic resilience of cities which incorporates the quantification of the seismic losses and developing models for assessing such losses(economic and human losses). By convolution of seismic hazard curve and fragility curve, a seismic loss curve has been obtained. Also the recovery paths have been chosen for the cities situated in south Asian countries by considering the pre-defined recovery curve.A general concept of resilience in cities has been presented by combining the losses and recovery in a in a single graph showing the resilience for the required city.

Keywords:

Resilience,Seismic, Hazards,Risks, Fragility,Losses,Recovery,Functionality,

Refference:

I. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), “HAZUS-MH MR4
Multi-Hazard Loss Estimation Methodology – Earthquake Model: Technical
Manual. Department of Homeland Security,” Fed. Emerg. Manag. Agency,
Washington, 2003.
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Abstract:

Novel strategies of deep learning are assuring to also enhance the suggestion of AI outfitted with functionalities of self-improvement. However what are actually the greater social ramifications of this particular growth and to what extent are classical AI ideas still relevant? This paper talks about these issues consisting of an outline on standard principles as well as notions of AI in connection with big records. Particular emphasis lies on the functions, societal repercussions and also risks of machine and also deep learning. The newspaper says that the increasing significance of AI in culture bears significant threats of deep hands free operation prejudice enhanced through not enough machine learning quality, lacking mathematical responsibility and also shared risks of confounding up to incrementally aggravating conflicts in decision-making between human beings and also equipments. Big amounts of sensing unit readings as well as hyperspectral photos of plants may be utilized to pinpoint drought health conditions and to gain understandings in to when and also exactly how worry effects vegetation growth as well as progression and consequently how to an eye for an eye the trouble of planet appetite. Video game data can switch pixels right into activities within computer game, while empirical records may help enable robotics to comprehend complicated and also disorganized settings and to know manipulation skills.

Keywords:

Artificial Intelligence,machine learning,deep learning,

Refference:

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Control?, op. cit. p. 13.

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Abstract:

A numerical simulation is proposed to investigate the thermal behavior ofa Central Processer Unit (CPU) as a single electronic component placed on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) equipped with a heat sink. Two types of heat sinks were used; the first is with solid fins and the other with perforated fins. Natural convection cooling is considered, with the inclusion of vibration and inclination effects. The power dissipated from the electronic component is (30W). In order to study the thermal behavior during the vibration effect, a frequency values of (0,2,5,9,16HZ) with constant amplitude (3 mm) was considered. The inclination effect is investigated with and without the vibration effect. The results showed that the vibration causesa decrease in the temperature of the component. The temperature of the component decreases with increasing the angle of inclination, Verification of the results gave good agreement.

Keywords:

PCB,Perforated Fins Heat Sink,Inclination,Vibration,Natural Convection.,

Refference:

I. Abbas J.Al-Jessani,Hussein.R.Al-Bugharbee “an experimental
investigation of free convection heat transfer rate enhancement of
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heat transfer augmentation from rectangular fin by circular perforation
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Abstract:

The transportation management system is becoming an overwhelming task across the globe due to Globalization and population growth. Increased traffic congestion poses several problems. The extended waiting time at traffic jam leading to air and noise pollution due to the amassed vehicle is a serious threat to human health and the environment. This situation aggravates the clearance of any emergency vehicle resulting in grave consequences for the patient. A better control over the transportation system can be achieved through the Internet of Thing (IoT) based smart infrastructure. To deal with such emergency situations, this paper proposes a framework for automatic emergency vehicle clearance system. Traffic signal dynamically suspends the routine movement of traffic flow to create a "Green Corridor" to pass the ambulance without any delay at the traffic junctions. IoT based RFID tag and reader at vehicle and traffic junction respectively is used to identify the ambulance at the traffic junction. The work is simulated in SUMO and detection of RFID is analyzed in NS2 with the integration of SUMO. Considering the criticality of the issue, a simulation of the proposed work does not suffice. Therefore to check the robustness of the proposed system, it has been tested in a laboratory environment. The average reduction in travel time for five different simulations for an emergency vehicle from source to destination is 254.6%, which is substantial.

Keywords:

Emergency vehicle,Green Corridor,RFID,Smart traffic management,SUMO,Traffic congestion,

Refference:

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XII. K. Nellore, G. Hancke, “Traffic management for emergency vehicle priority based
on visual sensing.” Sensors 16.11 (2016): 1892.

XIII. N. Singh, “An Efficient Approach for Handwritten Devanagari Character
Recognition based on Artificial Neural Network”, 2018 5th International
Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN), Noida, 2018, pp.
894-897.
XIV. N. Singh & T. Kumar. “An Improved Intelligent Transportation System: An
Approach for Bilingual License Plate Recognition.” Information and
Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore, 2019. 29-
38.
XV. P. Priya, A. Jose, and G. Sumathy, “Traffic light pre-emption control system for
emergency vehicles.” SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication
Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) 2.2 (2015).
XVI. R. Sundar, S. Hebbar & V. Golla, “Implementing Intelligent Traffic Control System
for Congestion Control, Ambulance Clearance, and Stolen Vehicle Detection”, IEEE
Sensor Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2, Febuary 2015.
XVII. S. Sharma, A. Pithora, G. Gupta, M. Goel, & M. Sinha, “Traffic light priority control
for emergency vehicle using RFID,” Int. J. Innov. Eng. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
363–366, 2013.
XVIII. T. Idé, T. Katsuki, T. Morimura & R. Morris, “City-wide traffic flow estimation
from a limited number of low-quality cameras” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent
Transportation Systems, 18(4), 950-959.
XIX. T.J. Hall, M.A. Schwartz & S.M. Hamer, “Gps-based traffic control preemption
system.” U.S. Patent No. 5,539,398. 23 Jul. 1996.
XX. T. Kumar & D.S. Kushwaha, “An Approach for Traffic Congestion Detection and
Traffic Control System”, Proceedings of Third International Conference on ICTCS
2017.
XXI. T. Kumar & D.S. Kushwaha, “An efficient approach for detection and speed
estimation of moving vehicles”, Procedia Computer Science, 89, 726-731.
XXII. T. Kumar, R. K. Sachan, D. S. & Kushwaha, “Smart City Traffic Management and
Surveillance System for Indian Scenario in Recent Advances” Mathematics,
Statistics and Computer Science (2016) (pp. 486-493).
XXIII. T. Miyazaki, Y. Kitazono, M. Shimakawa, “Ambulance siren detection using FFT
and dsPIC”, Proceedings of the First IEEE/IIAE International Conference on
Intelligent System and Image processing, Kitakyushu,Japan, 26–27 September 2013;
pp. 266–269.

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Abstract:

Novel types of all-optical logic gates based on graphene surface plasmonpolaritons (SSPs) are proposed in this study by utilizing linear constructive and destructive interferences among SSP waves in spatially separated graphene sheets. The realized logic gates are OR, AND, and XOR gates. The suggested transmission value threshold between the two states logic 0 and logic 1 is 0.5. Small modification in the structure has been conducted to implement the XOR gate with the same wavelength for all the proposed gates. The structure performance is measured on the basis of transmission efficiency of each implemented gate. The state of each input port can be easily controlled by switching the external gate voltage either ON or OFF. The function of the proposed gates can be achieved by modifying the chemical potential ( c  ), coupling length ( c L ), orinter spacing among the graphene sheets (d). These compact-sized logic gates are considered an important part in the integration of nanoscale photonic devices.

Keywords:

Graphene,Surface plasmonpolaritons (SPPs),,All-optical logic gate,Nanophotonic devices,Plasmonic logic gates,

Refference:

I. A. F. Aguiar, D. M. d. C. Neves, and J. B. R. Silva, “All-optical logic gates
devices based on SPP coupling between graphene sheets,” Journal of
Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, vol. 17, pp.
208-216, 2018.
II. A. Vakil and N. Engheta, “Transformation optics using graphene,” Science,
vol. 332, pp. 1291-1294, 2011.
III. B. Wang and G. P. Wang, “Surface plasmon polariton propagation in nanoscale
metal gap waveguides,” Optics letters, vol. 29, pp. 1992-1994, 2004.
IV. D. A. Miller, “The role of optics in computing,” Nature Photonics, vol. 4, p.
406, 2010.
V. F. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, et al., “Gatevariable
optical transitions in graphene,” science, vol. 320, pp. 206-209, 2008.
VI. H. J. Caulfield and S. Dolev, “Why future supercomputing requires optics,”
Nature Photonics, vol. 4, p. 261, 2010.
VII. H. J. Caulfield, C. S. Vikram, and A. Zavalin, “Optical logic redux,” Optik-
International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, vol. 117, pp. 199-209,
2006.
VIII. H. Wei, Z. Wang, X. Tian, M. Käll, and H. Xu, “Cascaded logic gates in
nanophotonic plasmon networks,” Nature communications, vol. 2, p. 387,
2011.
IX. Hassan Falah Fakhrulden and Tahreer Safa’a Mansour, “All-optical NoT Gate
Based on Nanoring Silver-Air Plasmonic Waveguide,” International Joural of
Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, pp.2818-2821, 2018.
X. K. J. Ooi, H. S. Chu, L. K. Ang, and P. Bai, “Mid-infrared active graphene
nanoribbon plasmonic waveguide devices,” JOSA B, vol. 30, pp. 3111-3116,
2013.
XI. K. J. Ooi, H. S. Chu, P. Bai, and L. K. Ang, “Electro-optical graphene
plasmonic logic gates,” Optics letters, vol. 39, pp. 1629-1632, 2014.

XII. M. Jablan, H. Buljan, and M. Soljačić, “Plasmonics in graphene at infrared
frequencies,” Physical review B, vol. 80, p. 245435, 2009.
XIII. M. L. Brongersma and P. G. Kik, Surface plasmon nanophotonics vol. 131:
Springer, 2007.
XIV. M. W. McCutcheon, G. W. Rieger, J. F. Young, D. Dalacu, P. J. Poole, and R.
L. Williams, “All-optical conditional logic with a nonlinear photonic crystal
nanocavity,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 95, p. 221102, 2009.
XV. M. Yarahmadi, M. K. Moravvej-Farshi, and L. Yousefi, “Subwavelength
graphene-based plasmonic THz switches and logic gates,” IEEE Transactions
on Terahertz Science and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 725-731, 2015.
XVI. optics,” nature, vol. 424, p. 824, 2003.
XVII. S. H. Abdulnabi and M. N. Abbas, “All-optical logic gates based on nanoring
insulator–metal–insulator plasmonic waveguides at optical communications
band,” Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 13, p. 016009, 2019.
XVIII. S. I. Bozhevolnyi, V. S. Volkov, E. Devaux, J.-Y. Laluet, and T. W. Ebbesen,
“Channel plasmon subwavelength waveguide components including
interferometers and ring resonators,” Nature, vol. 440, p. 508, 2006.
XIX. X. Wu, J. Tian, and R. Yang, “A type of all-optical logic gate based on
graphene surface plasmon polaritons,” Optics Communications, vol. 403, pp.
185-192, 2017.
XX. Y. Fu, X. Hu, C. Lu, S. Yue, H. Yang, and Q. Gong, “All-optical logic gates
based on nanoscale plasmonic slot waveguides,” Nano letters, vol. 12, pp.
5784-5790, 2012.
XXI. Y. Liu, F. Qin, Z.-M. Meng, F. Zhou, Q.-H. Mao, and Z.-Y. Li, “All-optical
logic gates based on two-dimensional low-refractive-index nonlinear photonic
crystal slabs,” Optics express, vol. 19, pp. 1945-1953, 2011.
XXII. Yousif I. Hammadi and Tahreer S. Mansour., “Multiwavelength Erbium doped
fiber laser based on microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Journal of
Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials-Rapid Communications, vol.13, no.3-
4, pp.156 – 160, April 2019.
XXIII. Z. Li, E. A. Henriksen, Z. Jiang, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, P. Kim, et al., “Dirac
charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy,” Nature Physics, vol. 4,
p. 532, 2008.

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Abstract:

Retinal image analysis has gained a significant research interest due to its widespread applicability in the diagnosis of different eye related diseases. This paper focused in the analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy through different features (Optic Disk, Retinal Vessels, and Exudates etc.,) of retinal image. Towards this objective, a new Retinal Vessel Segmentation mechanism is introduced in this paper. The proposed mechanism accomplished the Gabor Filter for Feature Extraction and Support Vector Machine Algorithm for classification. Here the Gabor Filter ensures a more resilience to the scaling and orientation issues in the retinal image. Afterwards, a feature set consists of thirteen features is extracted from retinal image to provide a proper differentiation between the image pixels and background pixels. Based on these features, the SVM classifier classifies the vessel pixels and background pixels more effectively which improves the classification accuracy and reduces false positive rate. An extensive simulation carried out over the proposed approach through two standard datasets, DRIVE and STARE reveals the outstanding performance with respect to the performance metrics sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Keywords:

retinal vessel segmentation,Gabor filter,Support vector machine,Gradient features,Correlation Accuracy,

Refference:

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segmentation from color retinal images using unsupervised texture
classification,” in 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image
Processing, vol. 5, pp. 521–524, 2007.
II. A. Budai, G. Michelson, and J. Hornegger, “Multiscale blood vessel
segmentation in retinal fundus
images,” Proc. Bildverarbeitungfr die Med., pp. 261–265, March 2010.
III. A. Budai, R. Bock, A. Maier, J. Hornegger, and G. Michelson, “Robust
vessel segmentation in fundus images,” International Journal of
Biomedical Imaging, no. 154860, 2013.
IV. A.Fathi, A.R.N Naghsh-Nilchi, Automatic wavelet-based retinal blood
vessels segmentation and vessel diameter estimation ,Biomed. Signal
Process. Control 8(1)(2013) 71-80
V. A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever,
“Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on
Medical Image Computing and Computer- Assisted Intervention, pp.
130–137, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 1998.
VI. A. Hoover, “Locating blood vessels in retinal images by piecewise
threshold probing of a matched filter response,” IEEE Transactions on
Medical Imaging, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 203–210, 2000.
VII. A.Hoover, Structured Analysis of the Retina
STARE,http://www.ces.clemson.edu/~ahoover/stare/, 2015.
VIII. B D Barkana, “Performance analysis of descriptive statistical features in
retinal vessel segmentation via fuzzy logic, ANN, SVM, and classifier
fusion”, Knowledge-Based Systems, Volume 118, 15February 2017,
Pages 165-176
IX. B.R. Mcclintic, J.I. Mcclintic, B.S. Ba, J.D. Bisognano, R.C. Block, A
relationship between microvascular abnormalities and coronary disease –
a review, Am. J. Med. 123 (4) (2011) 1–12.

X. D. Marin, A. Aquino, M. Gegundez-Arias, and J. Bravo, “A new
supervised method for blood vessel segmentation in retinal images by
using gray-level and moment invariants-based features,” IEEE
Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 146–158, 2011.
XI. F. Zana and J. C. Klein, “Segmentation of vessel-like pattern using
mathematical morphology and curvature evaluation,” IEEE Transactions
on Image Processing, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1010–1019, 2001.
XII. G. Azzopardi, N. Strisciuglio, M. Vento, and N. Petkov, “Trainable
COSFIRE filters for vessel delineation with application to retinal
images,” Med. Image Anal., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 46–57, 2015.
XIII. G. B. Kande, P. V. Subbaiah, and T. S. Savithri, “Unsupervised fuzzy
based vessel segmentation in pathological digital fundus images,” Journal
of Medical Systems, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 849–858, 2010.
XIV. Liskowski P, Krawiec K. Segmenting Retinal Blood Vessels with Deep
Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 2016.
XV. Mohan V, Shah SN, Joshi SR, Seshiah V, Sahay BK, Banerjee S, Current
status of management, control, complications and psychosocial aspects of
patients with diabetes in India: Results from the DiabCare India 2011
Study. Indian J EndocrinolMetab 2014; 18:370-8.
XVI. N. Memari, A R Ramil, M I B saripan, S. Mashohor, M Moghbel,
Supervised retinal vessel segmentation from color fundus images based
on matched filtering and AdaBoost classifier, PLoS ONE 12(12):
e0188939, 2017.
XVII. Orlando J, Prokofyeva E, Blaschko M. A Discriminatively Trained Fully
Connected Conditional Random Field Model for Blood Vessel
Segmentation in Fundus Images. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical
Engineering. 2016.
XVIII. Peter Sekulic, M Bajceta, S Dukanovic, “Retinal blood vessels
segmentation using support vector machine and modified line detector”,
22nd International Scientific-Professional Conference
Information Technology, 2017.
XIX. P. Rani, N. Priyadarshini, E. R. Rajkumar, and K. Rajamani, “Retinal
vessel segmentation under
pathological conditions using supervised machine learning,” in 2016
International Conference on, Systems in Medicine and Biology (ICSMB),
pp. 62–66, 2016.
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segmentation of fundus images by major vessel extraction and subimage
classification. IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics. 2015
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XXI. S. A. A. Shah, T. B. Tang, I. Faye, and A. Laude, “Blood vessel
segmentation in color fundus images based on regional and Hessian
features,” Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental
Ophthalmology, pp. 1– 9, 2017.

XXII. S. Chaudhuri, S. Chatterjee, N. Katz, M. Nelson, and M. Goldbaum,
“Detection of blood vessels in retinal images using two-dimensional
matched filters,” IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 8, no. 3,
pp. 263–269, 1989.
XXIII. SoumiaBelhadi and NadjiaBenblidia, “Automated Retinal Vessel
Segmentation using Entropic Thresholding Based Spatial Correlation
Histogram of Gray Level Images”, The International Arab Journal of
Information Technology, Vol. 12, No. 5, September 2015.
XXIV. SumathiThangaraj, VivekanandamPeriyasamy, RavikanthBalaji,
“Retinal vessel segmentation using neural network”, IET Image
Processing, Volume: 12, Issue: 5, pp.669-678. 2018
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matched filter for retinal blood vessel detection,” Machine
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Rayleigh Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization”, In: Proc.
of International Conf. on Control, Automation and Systems, Korea, pp.
22-25 2014.
XXVII. T. Mapayi, S. Viriri, and J. R. Tapamo, “Adaptive thresholding technique
for retinal vessel segmentation based on glcm-energy information,”
Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, vol. 2015,
Article ID 597475, 11 pages, 2015.
XXVIII. T. Walter and J.-C. Klein, “Segmentation of color fundus images of
the human retina: detection of the optic disc and the vascular tree using
morphological techniques,” Medical Data Analysis, pp. 282–287, 2001.
XXIX. W. S. Oliveira, J. V. Teixeira, T. I. Ren, G. D. C. Cavalcanti, and J.
Sijbers, “Unsupervised retinal vessel segmentation using combined
filters,” PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 2, article e0149943, 2016.
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multi-threshold probing with application to vessel detection in
retinal images,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 131–137, 2003.
XXXI. Y. MadhuSudhana Reddy, R. S. Ernest Ravindran, Kakarla. Hari
Kishore, “Spatial Mutual Relationship Based Retinal Image Contrast
Enhancement for Efficient Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy”,
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XXXIV. Y. Wang, G. Ji, P. Lin, and E. Trucco, “Retinal vessel segmentation
using multiwavelet kernels and multiscale hierarchical
decomposition,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2117–2133,
2013
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vol. 2013, Article ID 260410, 16 pages, 2013.
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constraint for retinal vessel segmentation,” Computational and
Mathematical Methods in Medicine, vol. 2013, Article ID 401413, 9
pages, 2013.

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Abstract:

In this paper, we studied the failure of the pipe during the transient flow. The pipe is made of ductile cast iron. To simulate the flow, a model includes an upstream tank connected to pipe with a valve at the end is presented; the transient flow is caused by fast time closure of the valve. The governing equations of water hammer are given from the mass and movement continuity conservation laws for fluid and mechanical behaviors laws for pipe structure. This mathematical model is a system of nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations where have solved by the method of characteristic along finite difference schema. To understand the behavior of material against surge pressure, we introduce the strain energy density theory (SEDT) S. The available mechanical propriety of ductile cast iron is used from previous study to get the critical value of strain energy density Sc. At the variance of stress intensity factor KIC criterion, the benefit of strain energy density S; that it can predict the crack growth initiation and direction when the applied stress does not coincide with the crack plane.

Keywords:

Water hammer,transient flow,method of characteristics,finite differences,strain energy density,

Refference:

I. Abott MB, An introduction to the method of the characteristics. New
York: American Elsevier, 1966.
II. A. Ductile iron pipes productions. EN 545:2002 standards, Greater cairo
foundries.
III. B Chaitanya K Desai, Dilip C Patel, Kalpesh D Maniya, “Experimental
analysis of mixed mode fracture: the strain energy density concept”.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering
Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28- 30 December, 2005.

IV. Bouaziz MA, Guidara MA, Schmitt C, Hadj-Taïeb E, Azari Z, “Water
hammer effects on a gray cast iron water network after adding pumps”.
Engineering Failure Analysis, Vo. 44, 2014, 1–16.
V. BRAHMIA, N. et DJEMILI, A, “Etude de l’influence de l’ancrage de la
conduite sur la variation de la pression et des contrainte lors de
l’écoulement transitoire”. Université de Badji Mokhtar ANNABA,
Algerie, 2013.M
VI. Daniela Ristić, Marko Bojanić, “Application of the Effective Strain
Energy Density Factor in the Estimation of the Fatigue Life of Notched
Specimens”. Scientific Technical Review,Vol. LVIII, 2008, No.1.
VII. Fröberg CE, Introduction to numerical analysis. 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company; 1979.
VIII. J. M. Makar et al, “Failure Modes and Mechanisms in Gray Cast Iron
Pipes”. Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council
Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Infrastructure Research, Waterloo,
Ontario, June 10-13, 2001.
IX. M.H. Afshar, and M. Rohani, “Water hammer simulation by implicit
method of characteristic”. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and
Piping, Vo. 85, 2008, 851-859.
X. M. Dallali et al, “Accuracy and security analysis of transient flows in
relatively long pipelines”. Engineering Failure Analysis, Vo. 51, 2015,
69–82.
XI. Pluvinage G, Fracture and fatigue emanating from stress concentrators.
Kluwer Editor; 2001.
XII. R. Lacalle et al, “Analysis of the failure of a cast iron pipe during its
pressure test”. Engineering Failure Analysis, Vo. 31, 2013, 168–178.
XIII. Schmitt C, et al, “Pipeline failure due to water hammer effects”. Fatigue
Fracture Eng Mater Struct; 29, 2006, 1075–82.
XIV. SIH,G.C. and BARTHELEMY,O.C, “Mixed mode fatigue crack growth
predictions”. Engineering. Fracture Mechanics, Vo. 13, 1980, 439-451.
Wylie EB, Streeter VL, Suo L. Fluid transients in system. New Jersey,
Prentice Hall, 1993.
XV. SIH, G.C. and MACDONALD.B, “Fracture Mechanics Applied to
Engineering Problems- Strain Energy Density Fracture Criterion”.
Engineering. Fracture Mechanics, Vo. 6, 1974, 361-386.
.XVI. Streeter VL, Wylie EB. Hydraulic transients. New York: McGraw-Hill
Book Compagny; 1967. V.
XVII Tijsseling, AS, “Water hammer with fluid-structure interaction in thickwalled
pipes”. Computers and Structures, Vo. 85, 2007, 844-851.
XVIII. Wylie EB, Streeter VL. Fluid transients. New York: Mac Graw-Hill
Company; 1978.

 

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Abstract:

India has been a rapidly urbanizing country despite being known as a country of villages for centuries. Since Independence, India has witnessed the emergence of more than 2500 New Towns across the country, mostly developed through conversion of rural lands. New Town Kolkata in West Bengal being no exception, involved acquisition and conversion of 3075 hectare of rural land of which 68.36% was agricultural land. While such land acquisition led to economic displacement of the local people, it also led to a huge amount of investment in the form of project costs (INR203, 17, 19,887 in 2014-2015) for the development of New Town. This paper aims to determine the direct benefit accrued to the state from the said investment which is achieved in cost of displacement and livelihood changes of local people. For this purpose, the past (before land acquisition) and present economic conditions of these people have been compared. Taking into consideration of almost all sources of income of past as well as present, a cost benefit analysis in present value terms has been done for the period of 1999 (beginning year of land acquisition) to 2014. A quantitative evaluation of cost incurred by the land losers and a comparison with the compensation paid has been made. Also, a qualitative assessment of uncompensated intangible costs incurred by the land losers have been presented. Hence the ethics of the new town planning as practiced in our country is questioned.

Keywords:

Land Conversion,New Town,Opportunity Cost,Cost Benefit Analysis,Gross Profit Ratio,

Refference:

I. Council for Social Development, Indian Social Development Report.
“Development and Displacement”, Oxford University Press. (New Delhi)
(2008),
II. Dey, I. Samaddar, R. and Sen, S. K. “Beyond Kolkata: Rajarhat and the
Dystopia of the Urban Imagination” Routledge (New Delhi) (2013)
III. Kundu, R. “Making Sense of Place in Rajarhat New Town the Village in the
Urban and the Urban in the Village”. Economic & Political Weekly, LI (17).
93-101(2016).
IV. Mallik, C. “Land Dispossession and Rural Transformation: The Case of
Fringe Villages of Kolkata”. Journal of Rural Development. 33 (1). 51-
71(2014).
V. Roy, A. “Development, Land Acquisition and Changing Facets Of Rural
Livelihood: A Case Study From West Bengal”. Journal of Rural
Development. 33(1), 15-32. (2014).
VI. Roy, U. K. “Development of New Townships: A Catalyst in the Growth of
Rural Fringes of Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA)”. Annual Conference of
HUDCO. (2005).
VII. Sarkar, A.“Development and Displacement Land Acquisition in West
Bengal”, Economic &Political Weekly, 42 (16): 1435-42. (2007).
VIII. Sengupta, P. & Chattopadhyay, S. “Appraising Compensational Benefit
under “The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”. Indian Journal of
Regional Science, XLVIII (1), 114 – 119. (2016)
IX. West Bengal Housing and Infrastructure Development Corporation. New
Town Calcutta, Project Report. Kolkata, India. (1999).

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Abstract:

The main reason for the study is SERVQUAL scale couldn't be validated and adapted inside of a retail setting, given the novel dimensions of service in the connection of retail stores when contrasted with "unadulterated" service environment. The paper means to decide the validity of Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS) as a distinct option for SERVQUAL in the connection of Indian retail environment. Absolutely 450 clients from hypermarkets in Tamilnadu chose accommodation premise. Retail service quality scale RSQS (28 things) was utilized for validation reason. It consolidates particular validity sorts like construct, convergent, discriminant validity. Confirmatory Factor Analysis has been utilized towards validation and advancement of RSQS measurement model. RSQS model in unique structure is substantial in the Indian retail store environment and legitimate RSQS in the Indian retail environment will be an advantage for considering the composed retail settings. The discoveries and proposals will empower retail stores to assemble knowledge into current levels of service quality and in addition to direct occasional "checks" for surveying extension for service change. RSQS could serve as an analytic apparatus for retailers to recognize service zones that are powerless and needing consideration.

Keywords:

RSQS Validation,SERVQUAL,Hypermarkets,Indian Organized Retail Stores,Service Quality,

Refference:

I. Bentler, P. M, “Comparative fit indexes in structural models”, Psychological
Bulletin, Volume: 107, Issue: 2, pp: 238–246. (1990).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
II. Brown, T. A, “Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research”, New
York, NY: Guilford Press., (2006).
III. Dabholkar P. A., Thorpe D. I. & Rentz J. O, “A Measure of Service Quality
for Retail Stores: Scale Development and Validation”, Journal of the
Academy of Marketing Science, Volume: 24, Winter Issue, pp: 03-16,
(1996).

IV. Gutman J. & Alden S. D., “Adolescents’ Cognitive Structures of Retail Stores
and Fashion Consumption – A Means-End Chain Analysis of Quality”,
Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise,
Lexington Books, (1985).
V. B. Yuan; Hair J., Black W., Babin B. & Anderson R.,”Multivariate Data
Analysis “, Prentice Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA. (7th Edition.)
(2010).
VI. Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M.,”Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance
structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives”, Structural
Equation Modeling, Volume: 06, pp: 01–55, (1999).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
VII. Mazursky D. & Jacoby J.,”Forming Impressions of Merchandise and Service
Quality”, Perceived Quality: How Consumers View Stores and Merchandise,
Lexington Books, (1985).
VIII. Mehta, Subhash C., Lalwani A. & Soon Li Han, “Service Quality in Retailing
– Relative Efficiency of Alternative Measurement Scales for Different
Product Service Environments”, International Journal of Retail & Distribution
Management, Volume: 28, Issue: 02, pp: 62-72, (2000).
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Validity”, Journal of Operations Management, Volume: 16, Issue: 04, pp:
387-405, (1998).
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XI. Subhashini Kaul, “Measuring Retail Service Quality: Examining
Applicability of International Research Perspectives in India”, Vikalpa,
Volume: 32, Issue: 01, January – March, pp: 15-26, (2007).
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Perspectives, Foundations for Organizational Science”, California USA, Sage
Publications Inc, (2004).
XIII. Wisniewski M.,”Using SERVQUAL to Assess Customer Satisfaction with
Public Sector Services”, Managing Service Quality, Volume: 11, Issue: 06,
pp: 380-388, (2001).
XIV. Wong A. and Sohal A., “Service Quality and Customer Loyalty Perspectives
on Two Levels of Retail Relationships”, Journal of Services Marketing,
Volume: 17, Issue: 05, pp:495-513, (2003).

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Abstract:

Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) are used for high power beam delivery and can deliver ultra-short or compressed pulses at 1550 nm. This paper study the relation between the length of (9 &7) cell HC-PCFsand the full width at half maximum (FWHM) using laser source with centroidwavelength of 1546.7 nm, i.e. almost 1550nm, and FWHM of 286 pm or 10 ns in the time domain.The FWHM in the frequency domain was increased in both (19&7) cell HC-PCFs as the length of Fabry-Perot interferometer increased till it reachesa specific length and then dramatically decreasedto go to the almost same starting point.

Keywords:

Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber,FWHM,Pulse compression,the compression factor,

Refference:

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Abstract:

Agriculture and its supply chain is one of the major domains of research which need attention for its growth in all developing countries. Food safety and its supply are also drawing the world attention towards its importance and people are focusing on it because of health hazards. In this research, we have presented a model for the uplift of traditional agriculture field to smart farming, considering blockchain with IoT technology. This system promises to provide equal opportunity to all stakeholders involved in the agricultural food supply chain; even they are not interconnected. IoT devices are added to the smart model to reduce human interference for data collection, recording and verification. The validation of our novel model is compared with our own scheme utilizing only IoT devices deployed in the monitoring field without block-chain.  

Keywords:

Agriculture,Blockchain,Novel,IoT,Smart Model,

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Abstract:

Over the recent years we have witnessed an increasing number of applications using deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for remote sensing image classification. But, we found that these models suffer for characterizing complex patterns in remote sensing imagery because of small inter class variations and large intra class variations. The intent of this paper is to study the effect of ensemble classifier constructed by combining three Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) namely; CNN, VGG-16 and Res Inception models by using average feature fusion techniques. The proposed approach is validated with 7,000 remote sensing images from Northern Western Polytechnical University – Remote Sensing Image Scene Classification (NWPU- RESISC) 45 class dataset and confirmed as an effective technique to improve the robustness over a single deep learning model.

Keywords:

Image classification,Remote sensing,Feature fusion,Convolutional neural network,Deep CNN and Ensemble classifier,

Refference:

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