Archive

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I.B. Awan and Z. A. Khan, “Recent progress in renewable energy–remedy of energy crisis in pakistan,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 33, pp. 236–253, 2014

II.J. B. Faheem, “Energy crisis in Pakistan,” IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480), vol. 3, no. 1, 2016.

III.K.Harijan, M. A. Uqaili, and M. Memon, “Renewable energy for managing energy crisis in pakistan,” in Wireless Networks, Information Processing and Systems. Springer, 2008, pp. 449–455.

IV.M. Asif, “Sustainable energy options for pakistan,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 903–909, 2009.

V.M. N. Fatemi, “Solar ready roof design for high-performing solar installation in dhaka: Potentials and strategies,” Energy Technology (ICDRET’lZ), 2012.

VI.Muhammad Zulqarnain Abbasi, M. Aamir Aman, Hamza Umar Afridi, Akhtar Khan. Electrical Engineering Department, IQRA National University, Peshawar, Pakistan.“Sag-Tension Analysis of AAAC Overhead Transmission lines for Hilly Areas” International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 16, No. 4, April 2018

VII.N. Haq and K. Hussain, “Energy crisis in Pakistan,” IPRI Factfile, 2008.

VIII.N. J. Bojeryd, “Method and apparatus for providing cellular telephone service to a macro-cell and pico-cell within a building using shared equipment,” Aug. 31 1999, uS Patent 5,946,622

IX.P. Nema, R. Nema, and S. Rangnekar, “Pv-solar/wind hybrid energy system for gsm/cdma type mobile telephony base station,” international journal of energy and environment, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 359–366, 2010

X.S. M. Kaplan, F. Sissine, and T. Net, Smart Grid: Modernizing electric power transmission and distribution; Energy independence, Storage and security; Energy independence and security act of 2007 (EISA); Improving electrical grid efficiency communication, reliability, and resiliency; integrating new and renewable energy sources. The Capitol Net Inc, 2009.

XI.Y. Chen, S. Zhang, S. Xu, and G. Y. Li, “Fundamental trade-offs on green wireless networks,” Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 30–37, 2011.

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I.Beenakker, C.W.J. “Theory of Coulomb blockade oscillations in the conductance of a quantum dot”, Phys. Rev. B, 44(4), pp 1646-1656 (1991).

II.Brown, K.R. Sun L. and Kane, B.E. “Electric field dependent spectroscopy of charge motion using a single-electron transistor”, Applied Phys. Ltrs., 88(21), pp 1-3 (2006).

III.Devoret, M.h. Esteve D. and Urbina, C. “Single electron transfer in metallic nanostructures”, Nature, 36, pp 547-553 (1992).

IV.Guimaraes, J.G. Nobrega L.M. and Costa, J.C. “Design of a Hamming neural network based on single-electron tunneling devices”, Micro. J., 37(6), pp510-518 (2006).

V.Kikombo, A.K. Oya T. and Asai, T. “Discrete Dynamical Systems Consisting of Single-Electron Circuits”, Int. J. Bifurcation and Chaos, 17(10), pp 3613-3617 (2007).

VI.Likharev, K.K. “Correlated discrete transfer of single electrons in ultrasmall tunnel junctions”, IBM J. Res. Dev., 32(1), pp 144-158 (1988).

VII.Mizuqaki Y., Kawai A. and Moriya, M.”Optimization of asymmetric single-electron transistor generating ac-induced dc current”, IEICE Electronics Express, 4(11), pp 345-350 (2007).

VIIIPekola, J.P. Vartiainen J.J. and Averin, D.V.”Hybrid single-electron transistor as a source of quantized electric current”, Nature Phys., 4(2), pp 120-124 (2008).

Abstract:

Abstract Distance measuring without physical contact and long distance measuring is always a challenge. Distance measuring using laser beam light is an effective way but it causes too much distortion due to back of signal from destination. To preserve the level of distortion a photovoltaic cell is used to measure the intensity of laser beam light. This paper emphasizes on design of a circuit which uses photovoltaic cell and multi-meter. This paper shows the improved long distance measuring technique using photovoltaic cell. Keywords: Beam laser light, distance, photovoltaic cell, solar cell, effective distance measuring

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Refference:

I.A. J. den Boef, “Interferometric laser rangefinder using a frequency modulated diode laser,” Appl. Opt., 26, 4545-4550 (1987)

II.A. cle’rentin, C. Pe’gard, and C. Drocourt,”Environment exploration using an active vision sensor,” Proc. of IEEE/RSJ IROS, pp. 1525-1530,1999

III.Ari Kilpela, „‟ Pulsed Time of Flight Laser Range Finder Techniques for Fast, High Precision Measurement Applications‟‟Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Oulu, OULU (2004)

IV.Dirk Stöbener, Matko Dijkman, Dennis Kruse, Holger Surm,Olaf Keßler, Peter Mayr, Gert Goch “Distance Measurement With Laser Triangulation in Hot Enviroment” Proceeeding, XVII IMEKO world Congress, June 22 –27, 2003, Dubrovnik, Croatia.

V.G. Huang, M. Ramesh, T. Berg, and E. Learned-Miller. Labeled faces in the wild: A database for studying face recognitionin unconstrained environments. University of Massachusetts,Amherst, Technical Report 07-49, 2007.

VI.H. Baltzakis, A. Argyros, and P. Trahanias, ‘Fusion of laser and visual data for robot motion planning and collision avoidance,” Machine Vision and Application, vol. 12, pp. 43 1-441, 2003.

VII.H. Kikuta, K. Iwata, R. Nagata, “Distance measurement by the wavelength shift of laser diode light,” Appl. Opt., 25, 2976-2980 (1986)

VIII.IVP Ranger M50 Hardware manual, Integrated Vision Products, Swedan.

IX.N. Tsabourakis, M. Ristic, and C.B. Besant, ‘Development of a profile gauging sensor,” Int. J. of Adv. Manufacturing Technology, vol. 3, pp. 5166, 1988

X.P. Hua, G. Viola and S. Drucker. Face recognition using discriminativelytrained orthogonal rank one tensor projections.In Proc. CVPR, 2007

XI.Q. Zhang, and R. Pless, ‘Extrinsic calibration of a camera and laser range finder (improvescamera calibration),” Proc. of IEEE/RSJ IROS, pp. 23012306, 2004

XII.T.A. Clarke, K.T.V. Grattan, N.E. Lindsey, “Laser based triangulation techniques in optical inspection of industrial structures” School of Engineering, City University, Northampton Square, London, ECIV OHB, England.